Early post-transplant cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis in a kidney recipient: Case report and review of the literature.

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is an uncommon systemic disease caused by Bartonella henselae (BH) or Bartonella quintana (BQ) that occurs primarily in immunocompromised hosts. Few cases of BA recipients have been reported in adult solid transplant recipients over the years, with most cases presenting years after transplant. We describe a case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed cutaneous BA very early in the post-transplant period despite not having any exposures. Retrospective testing of donor and recipient's serum was performed and raised the concern for possible donor-derived infection. A literature review encompassing 1990 to present was also performed in order to better understand the clinical presentation, diagnostics and therapeutic approach of this unusual disease. Combined serology, histopathology and molecular testing (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were useful in diagnosing BA in our patient as serology alone might be unreliable. Macrolides or doxycycline for at least 3 months is the recommended therapeutic strategy; however, the optimal duration of treatment is not well established in transplant recipients. In our patient, we decided to use doxycycline for 1 year due to gradual resolution of lesions and ongoing immunosuppression. Patient responded successfully without any documented relapse.

Tocilizumab therapy in 5 solid and composite tissue transplant recipients with early ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2.

There are emerging data depicting the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in solid organ transplant recipients but negligible data-driven guidance on clinical management. A biphasic course has been described in some infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), beginning with a flu-like illness followed by an intense inflammatory response characterized by elevated c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with high mortality. The exuberant and possibly dysregulated immune response has prompted interest in therapeutic agents that target the cytokines involved, particularly IL-6. Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist with a record of use for a variety of rheumatologic conditions and cytokine release syndrome due to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy but experience in solid organ and composite tissue transplant recipients (SOT/CTTRs) with SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS has not been previously reported in detail. We present the clinical course of 5 SOT/CTTRs with SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS that received tocilizumab with favorable short-term outcomes in 4. Responses were characterized by reductions in CRP, discontinuation of vasopressors, improved oxygenation and respiratory mechanics, and variable duration of ventilator support. Four bacterial infections occurred within 2 weeks of tocilizumab administration. We discuss safety concerns and the need for randomized comparative trials to delineate tocilizumab's clinical utility in this population.

[Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Clostridium difficile colitis: a case report and review of the literature]. / Síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo debido a colitis por Clostridium difficile: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura.

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. We report a patient with complicated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) who developed rapidly progressive acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), for which CDI was the only identifiable source. CDI should be considered in the differential diagnosis for anyone with diarrhea who presents especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, hospitalized patients, or those who have had a history of CDI.

Histoplasma capsulatum Pacemaker-related Endocarditis Presenting as Endogenous Endophthalmitis.

PURPOSE: To report a unique case of pacemaker-related infective endocarditis manifesting as endogenous endophthalmitis with chorioretinitis secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum. METHOD: Case Report. RESULTS: A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with blood culture-negative infective endocarditis and was admitted with deteriorating vision and ocular inflammation. Examination of the eye indicated significant vitreous inflammation and retinitis. Vitreous cultures were negative, but universal fungal PCR of the vitreous fluid was positive for Histoplasma capsulatum. Histopathology of the fibrous cuff around the extracted right atrial lead demonstrated hyphal and yeast forms and PCR of this material identified Histoplasma capsulatum. Despite aggressive antifungal and surgical treatment, the eye became phthisical. CONCLUSION: We highlight the importance of considering Histoplasma capsulatum in the differential diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis, particularly among patients from endemic areas who present with possible endovascular infection.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Clostridium difficile colitis: a case report and review of the literature / Síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo debido a colitis por Clostridium difficile: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. We report a patient with complicated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) who developed rapidly progressive acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), for which CDI was the only identifiable source. CDI should be considered in the differential diagnosis for anyone with diarrhea who presents ARDS, especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, hospitalized patients, or those who have had a history of CDI.

El Clostridium difficile es una de las causas más frecuentes de diarreas asociadas a antibióticos. Reportamos un paciente con infección por Clostridium difficile complicada (CDI) que desarrolló rápida y progresivamente un síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo (ARDS), del cual el CDI fue la fuente única identificable. El CDI debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de cualquier persona con diarrea que presenta ARDS, especialmente en los grupos de alto riesgo como los ancianos, pacientes hospitalizados o aquellos que han tenido historia precia de DCI.