Physical and psychological fatigue, and work performance among Brazilian workers during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Brazil.

The lockdown requirement, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), led to people having to follow a work from home regime. This pandemic made workers more vulnerable, causing emotional disorders that impacted their work performance. This online survey aimed to identify the psychological and emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian workers, testing the predictive effect between physical and emotional fatigue factors, and expectations about their performance. The participants were 153 workers from different sectors or departments of the University of Brasilia following the work from home modality. To achieve the main aim of this study, the questionnaire 'Feeling Fatigue Scale' by Yoshitake, and the nine items of the 'Achievement' factor of the 'Well-being at Work' questionnaire by Paschoal and Tamayowere applied. Study data were collected between February and August 2020. Statistically significant differences were found between cognitive aspects (difficulties in attention to work, p = .001,) expectations regarding performance (p = .035), and the impact of fatigue on the body (p = .021) when comparing the profile of workers from the areas of exact sciences, health, and social and human sciences. Workers who reported more extreme difficulty in attention had lower expectations regarding the performance achieved in the exercise of their duties (R2 adjusted = .271, p < .001). The results demonstrate the importance of planning public policies aimed at promoting mental and physical health at work.

Genetic parameters for production, quality, and colors from eggs in Brazilian lineages of chickens.

Genetic parameters were estimated for egg production, egg quality, and eggshell colors in eight lineages of Brazilian laying hens. Age at first egg (AFE), total egg production up to the 45th week (PROD), egg weight (EW), albumen height (AH), yolk color (YC), the Haugh units (HU), eggshell strength (ESS), eggshell thickness (EST), yolk weight (YW), eggshell weight (ESW), and eggshell color (L*, a*, and b*) were measured in 2030 eggs obtained from 645 laying hens. Variance components were estimated from a mixed animal model, which included the fixed effects of contemporary groups, cage location, and hen line, and the additive genetic, permanent environmental, and residual as random effects. In general, heritabilities were low to moderate (h2 = 0.11 to 0.48). Genetic correlations among eggshell quality traits were moderate to high (0.36 and 0.69). High genetic correlations were obtained between the eggshell color traits [rg = -0.90 (L* and a*); rg = -0.64 (L* and b*); and rg = 0.65 (a* and b*)]. Results suggest that EW is strongly correlated with ESW, but the genetic correlations between EW and ESS and between EW and EST were low. Genetic correlations between L* and eggshell quality traits were low to moderate, suggesting that L* has little or no relation with external egg quality. However, genetic correlations between a* and b* values and eggshell quality traits were high. The genetic correlations between eggshell color and eggshell quality traits were low, suggesting that the eggshell color does not influence external egg quality. Genetic correlations between PROD and egg quality traits were negative and varied between -0.42 and -0.05. This antagonistic relationship emphasizes the importance of adopting breeding schemes that allow the simultaneous genetic progress of these traits by considering their genetic correlation and economic relevance, such as the selection index.

Overlapping Vitamin A Interventions with Provitamin A Carotenoids and Preformed Vitamin A Cause Excessive Liver Retinol Stores in Male Mongolian Gerbils.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is a public health problem in some countries. Fortification, supplementation, and increased provitamin A consumption through biofortification are efficacious, but monitoring is needed due to risk of excessive VA intake when interventions overlap. OBJECTIVES: Two studies in 28-36-d-old male Mongolian gerbils simulated exposure to multiple VA interventions to determine the effects of provitamin A carotenoid consumption from biofortified maize and carrots and preformed VA fortificant on status. METHODS: Study 1 was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design (n = 85) with high-ß-carotene maize, orange carrots, and VA fortification at 50% estimated gerbil needs, compared with white maize and white carrot controls. Study 2 was a 2 × 3 factorial design (n = 66) evaluating orange carrot and VA consumption through fortification at 100% and 200% estimated needs. Both studies utilized 2-wk VA depletion, baseline evaluation, 9-wk treatments, and liver VA stores by HPLC. Intestinal scavenger receptor class B member 1 (Scarb1), ß-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase (Bco1), ß-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (Bco2), intestine-specific homeobox (Isx), and cytochrome P450 26A1 isoform α1 (Cyp26a1) expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR in study 2. RESULTS: In study 1, liver VA concentrations were significantly higher in orange carrot (0.69 ± 0.12 µmol/g) and orange maize groups (0.52 ± 0.21 µmol/g) compared with baseline (0.23 ± 0.069 µmol/g) and controls. Liver VA concentrations from VA fortificant alone (0.11 ± 0.053 µmol/g) did not differ from negative control. In study 2, orange carrot significantly enhanced liver VA concentrations (0.85 ± 0.24 µmol/g) relative to baseline (0.43 ± 0.14 µmol/g), but VA fortificant alone (0.42 ± 0.21 µmol/g) did not. Intestinal Scarb1 and Bco1 were negatively correlated with increasing liver VA concentrations (P < 0.01, r2 = 0.25-0.27). Serum retinol concentrations did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Biofortified carrots and maize without fortification prevented VA deficiency in gerbils. During adequate provitamin A dietary intake, preformed VA intake resulted in excessive liver stores in gerbils, despite downregulation of carotenoid absorption and cleavage gene expression.

13C Natural Abundance of Serum Retinol Is a Novel Biomarker for Evaluating Provitamin A Carotenoid-Biofortified Maize Consumption in Male Mongolian Gerbils.

BACKGROUND: Crops such as maize, sorghum, and millet are being biofortified with provitamin A carotenoids to ensure adequate vitamin A (VA) intakes. VA assessment can be challenging because serum retinol concentrations are homeostatically controlled and more sensitive techniques are resource-intensive. OBJECTIVES: We investigated changes in serum retinol relative differences of isotope amount ratios of (13)C/(12)C (δ(13)C) caused by natural (13)C fractionation in C3 compared with C4 plants as a biomarker to detect provitamin A efficacy from biofortified (orange) maize and high-carotene carrots. METHODS: The design was a 2 × 2 × 2 maize (orange compared with white) by carrot (orange compared with white) by a VA fortificant (VA+ compared with VA-) in weanling male Mongolian gerbils (n = 55), which included a 14-d VA depletion period and a 62-d treatment period (1 baseline and 8 treatment groups; n = 5-7/group). Liver VA and serum retinol were quantified, purified by HPLC, and analyzed by GC combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry for (13)C. RESULTS: Treatments affected liver VA concentrations (0.048 ± 0.039 to 0.79 ± 0.24 µmol/g; P < 0.0001) but not overall serum retinol concentrations (1.38 ± 0.22 µmol/L). Serum retinol and liver VA δ(13)C were significantly correlated (R(2) = 0.92; P < 0.0001). Serum retinol δ(13)C differentiated control groups that consumed white maize and white carrots (-27.1 ± 1.2 δ(13)C‰) from treated groups that consumed orange maize and white carrots (-21.6 ± 1.4 δ(13)C‰ P < 0.0001) and white maize and orange carrots (-30.6 ± 0.7 δ(13)C‰ P < 0.0001). A prediction model demonstrated the relative contribution of orange maize to total dietary VA for groups that consumed VA from mixed sources. CONCLUSIONS: Provitamin A efficacy and quantitative estimation of the relative contribution to dietary VA were demonstrated with the use of serum retinol δ(13)C. This method could be used for maize efficacy or effectiveness studies and with other C4 crops biofortified with provitamin A carotenoids (e.g., millet, sorghum). Advantages include no extrinsic tracer dose, 1 blood sample, and higher sensitivity than serum retinol concentrations alone.

Professional development short scale: Measurement invariance, stability, and validity in Brazil and Angola.

Professional development is the vital process in the workplace that comprises the growth and maturation of knowledge, skills, and attitudes arising from formal and informal learning at work throughout one's life. The goal of this research was to present validity evidence and accuracy of the Professional Development Short Scale (PDSS) for different occupational categories. The research was conducted using four cross-sectional questionnaire surveys with convenience samples of different occupational categories (N = 2,547) in 41 cities throughout Brazil and Angola. The first study aimed to explore the factorial structure and internal consistency of the PDSS. The second study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural validity and measurement invariance of the scale. The third study was to assess concurrent validity and predictive validity. The fourth study was to assess the test-retest reliability. The results indicated a one-factor structure, with six items for both countries' datasets. This research pointed out the validity of the PDSS as regards its convergence-discriminant pattern with the General Self-Efficacy and Job Self-Efficacy Scales, and also, the relationship of the PDSS with relevant constructs (Bases of Power/leadership styles, In-role performance, Job Satisfaction, and Career Promotion). In this study, we provide psychometric validity of the Professional Development Short Scale to offer it as a resource to measure the construct and allow researchers to apply it in research models easily integrated to other constructs. We covered several different incremental approaches to ensure the scale validity. Besides showing temporal stability to ensure it can be applied from time to time, as one dynamic construct should, we also indicated that social desirability did not influence the measurement of the PDSS. Furthermore, the results indicate that the effects of the method do not generate undue confusion on the scale. Thus, the psychometric properties of the PDSS allow for recommending the use of the scale in extensive studies. This scale therefore contributes to contemporary professional development literature through the comparison of the perceptions of professional development in different professional categories and by providing organizational researchers with a tool to evaluate the effects and predictors of such construct.

Professional identity and experience of undergraduate students: an analysis of semantic networks.

Work experiences during undergraduate studies can be remarkable in the journey of undergraduate students. The objective of this study was to assess, by analyzing semantic networks, the role of work experiences in the meanings those individuals attribute to professional identity. The sample consisted of 2291 students (60% women) divided into three groups: do not work, work in a field related to their course, work in a field not related to their course. The semantic networks of these groups were composed of words uttered from the professional identity prime. We chose to work with the critical network, obtained from the analysis of the incidence-fidelity indexes of the word pairs. The results evidence that work experiences are related to how undergraduate students attribute meaning to professional identity, in such a way that three different networks were formed for these groups. The network of those who work outside their field was the only one that integrated words with negative content, while the semantic networks of those who do not work and those who work in their field, despite containing words that do not always coincide, present a similar macrostructure. We conclude that work experiences play an important role in the meanings that undergraduate students attribute to professional identity. The study innovates by revealing elements of professional-identity construction, besides allowing for reflections on the effects of work experiences during the college period.

Protective action of indole-3-acetic acid on induced hepatocarcinoma in mice.

In this study, we report the protective effects of IAA on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. BALB/c mice received daily IAA at 50 (T(50)), 250 (T(250)), and 500 (T(500)) mg Kg(-1) per body mass by gavage for 15 days. At day 15, animals were administered DEN and sacrificed 4 h later. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed in sera. In addition, hepatomorphologic alterations, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and DNA integrity were evaluated in the liver. IAA administration did not show any alterations in any of the parameters available, except for a reduction of the gene expression for antioxidant enzymes by 55, 56, 27, and 28% for SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR upon T(500), respectively compared with the control. Several hepatic alterations were observed by DEN exposure. Moreover, IAA administration at 3 doses was shown to provide a total prevention of the active reduction of CAT and GR induced by DEN exposure compared with the control. IAA at T(500) was shown to give partial protection (87, 71, 57, and 90% for respectively SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR) on the down-regulation of the enzymes induced by DEN and this auxin showed a partial protection (50%) on DEN-induced DNA fragmentation for both parameters when compared to DEN alone. This work showed IAA hepatocarcinogenesis protection for the first time by means of a DEN-protective effect on CAT and GR activity, and by affecting antioxidant gene expression and DNA fragmentation.

Total Adipose Retinol Concentrations Are Correlated with Total Liver Retinol Concentrations in Male Mongolian Gerbils, but Only Partially Explained by Chylomicron Deposition Assessed with Total α-Retinol.

BACKGROUND: Liver vitamin A (VA) concentration is the gold standard for VA status, but is not routinely accessible. Adipose tissue VA concentrations, as retinol and retinyl esters, may be correlated to liver VA. α-VA (as α-retinol) is a cleavage product of α-carotene that traces postprandial VA distribution to tissues but cannot recirculate from hepatic stores, providing insight into tissue VA sources. OBJECTIVE: We performed a secondary analysis of VA and α-VA in Mongolian gerbil liver and adipose to determine the suitability of adipose tissue VA as a biomarker of VA status. METHODS: Gerbils (n = 186) consumed feeds containing 0-15.9 µg (0-55.6 nmol) retinol activity equivalents/g as preformed VA and/or provitamin A carotenoids for 36-62 d in 3 studies. Body fat percentage was determined in the final study by MRI. Serum and liver retinol, α-retinol, and retinyl esters were extracted and analyzed by HPLC or ultra-performance LC (UPLC). Epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue retinol and α-retinol were determined by UPLC after homogenization, saponification, and extraction. Linear regression models with appropriate data transformations identified determinants of adipose VA concentrations. RESULTS: Liver VA did not predict serum retinol concentrations. After logarithmic transformation of adipose and liver values, liver VA positively predicted both adipose depots' VA concentrations (P < 0.001, R 2 > 0.7). Adding serum retinol or body fat percentage did not significantly increase the adjusted R 2. In liver, α-VA concentration explained much of the variation of VA (P < 0.001, R 2 > 0.7), but far less in epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose (P = 0.004 and 0.012, respectively, R 2 < 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Adipose VA is correlated with liver VA and is a potential biomarker of VA status. It is not fully explained by chylomicron deposition and is negatively affected by serum retinol. Adipose biopsy validation is needed for human applications.

A short scale for managerial support to teleworkers / Escala breve de suporte gerencial ao teletrabalhador / Escala corta de apoyo gerencial para teletrabajadores

Compulsory teleworking has affected workers in several countries, increasing concerns about managerial support. This study aimed to build and present validity evidence of the Short Scale for Managerial Support to Teleworkers. We carried out four successive steps, namely: adapting items from other managerial support scales or related constructs to the teleworking context; exploratory factor analysis and network analysis (N=3,769); confirmatory factor analysis (N=3,839); invariance analysis considering gender and education (N=7,608). As a result, the scale has a unifactorial structure with five items and quite favorable psychometric indicators regarding validity, reliability, and invariance. We recommend using the scale applied to different samples of teleworkers and research with other organizational or individual variables. (AU)

O teletrabalho compulsório atingiu trabalhadores em diversos países, aumentando a preocupação com o suporte gerencial. Este estudo objetivou construir e apresentar evidências de validade da Escala Breve de Suporte Gerencial ao Teletrabalhador. Foram realizadas quatro etapas sucessivas, a saber: adaptação, ao contexto do teletrabalho, de itens pertencentes a escalas de suporte ou construtos correlatos; análise fatorial exploratória e análise de redes (N=3.769); análise fatorial confirmatória (N=3.839); análise de invariância considerando gênero e escolaridade (N=7.608). A escala possui estrutura unifatorial com cinco itens e indicadores psicométricos muito favoráveis em termos de validade, confiabilidade e invariância. Recomenda-se o uso da escala em diferentes amostras de teletrabalhadores e para investigações conjuntas com outras variáveis organizacionais ou individuais. (AU)

El teletrabajo obligatorio ha afectado a los trabajadores en varios países, aumentando la preocupación por el apoyo de los directivos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo construir y presentar evidencias de validez de la Escala Corta de Apoyo Organizacional a Teletrabajadores. Se realizaron cuatro pasos sucesivos, a saber: adaptar ítems de otras escalas de apoyo organizacional o constructos relacionados al contexto del teletrabajo; análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis de redes (N=3.769); análisis factorial confirmatorio (N=3.839); análisis de la invariancia considerando género y escolaridad (N=7.608). La escala posee de una estructura unifactorial con cinco ítems e indicadores psicométricos altamente favorables en términos de validez, confiabilidad e invarianza. Se recomienda el uso de la escala en diferentes muestras de teletrabajadores, y para investigaciones con otras variables organizacionales o individuales. (AU)

Construction and validity evidence of a scale for coping with difficult social academic interpersonal situations.

The aim of this study was to develop a scale to investigate the ways of coping with interpersonal situations considered difficult in the Brazilian university context. The items were based on the results of a study previously obtained in a focus group with university students. The first steps of the study were the analysis of judges and the investigation of the semantic validity. After these steps, a total of 1366 (female = 74.9%) students from public and private institutions participated in the study. The study followed the steps design of the items, development of the first version of the instrument, and initial tests of validity (content validity and internal consistency). The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated the maintenance of 26 items, distributed in four factors: focus on emotion (α = 0.73), focus on social support (α = 0.81), focus on religious coping (α = 0.83), and focus on the problem (α = 0.70). The final scale solution was considered satisfactory for the proposed instrument, with consistency for the application in other studies and investigations that evaluate the coping strategies of students in situations considered difficult in the university.

Escala de enfrentamento para situações socioacadêmicas difíceis: versão reduzida / Escala de afrontamiento de situaciones socio-académicas difíciles: versión corta / Coping scale for difficult socio-academic situations: short version

Dealing with difficult social relationships can interfere with coexistence and cooperation, affecting relationships between university students. The present study aims to test a version and at conducting a confirmatory analysis of the Coping Scale for Difficult Socio-Academic Situations and the testing a short version of this scale. The sample consisted of 601 university students from different periods and courses, aged between 18 and 57 years (M = 26.2 years; SD = 7.2), most of them female (66.1%). All participants responded to the Coping Scale for Difficult Socio-Academic Situations on the spot. For confirmatory factor analysis we used the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a three-dimensional structure (10 items): Focus powerful others; Focus on the problem and Focus on emotion. The discussion addresses the relevance of a reduced scale and also discusses the structure, in view of its contribution to facing the different obstacles of academic life. Future studies may relate coping to other phenomena in the university context and to sociodemographic data.

Lidar com relações sociais difíceis pode interferir na coexistência e cooperação, afetando as relações entre universitários. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar uma versão reduzida e realizar uma análise confirmatória da Escala de Coping para Situações Sócio-Acadêmicas Difíceis. A amostra foi composta por 601 estudantes universitários de diferentes períodos e cursos, com idades entre 18 e 57 anos (M=26,2 anos; DP=7,2), a maioria mulheres (66,1%). Os participantes responderam à referida escala no local. Para a análise fatorial confirmatória, usamos o método de estimativa Maximum Likelihood (ML) e os resultados indiccaram uma estrutura tridimensional (10 itens): Foco em outros poderosos; foco no problema e foco na emoção. A discussão aborda a relevância de uma escala reduzida e também debate a estrutura, tendo em vista sua contribuição para o enfrentamento dos distintos obstáculos da vida acadêmica. Estudos futuros poderão relacionar o enfrentamento a outros fenômenos no contexto universitário e a dados sociodemográficos.

Lidiar con relaciones sociales difíciles puede interferir en la convivencia y la cooperación, afectando las relaciones entre universitarios. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis confirmatorio de la Escala de Afrontamiento de Situaciones Socio-Académicas Difíciles y prueba de versión reducida de esta escala. La muestra estuvo formada por 601 estudiantes universitarios de diferentes períodos y cursos, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 57 años (M = 26,2 años; DT = 7,2), la mayoría mujeres (66,1%). Todos los participantes respondieron en el acto a la Escala de Afrontamiento para Situaciones Socio-Académicas Difíciles. Para el análisis factorial confirmatorio utilizamos el método de estimación Maximum Likelihood (ML). El análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó una estructura tridimensional (10 ítems): Enfoca a otros poderosos; Concéntrese en el problema y centrarse en la emoción. Lidiar con relaciones sociales difíciles puede interferir en la convivencia y la cooperación, afectando las relaciones entre universitários. Los estudios futuros pueden relacionar el afrontamiento con otros fenómenos del contexto universitario y con datos sociodemográficos.

"Patrão é patrão, empregado é empregado": identidade profissional de domésticas / "Boss is boss, employee is employee": professional identity of domestic workers

O trabalho doméstico vem passando por mudanças, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, as mudanças no trabalho doméstico têm sido impulsionadas pela Emenda Constitucional nº 72, de 2013. Esta pesquisa objetivou discutir a identidade profissional e as relações de trabalho de empregadas domésticas brasileiras a partir dos discursos das próprias trabalhadoras. Assim, foram realizadas dez entrevistas em profundidade, sendo cinco com empregadas mensalistas e cinco com diaristas da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas. Seguindo o método de análise dos núcleos de sentido, foram identificados dois núcleos centrais: ingresso na profissão e identidade profissional; e ambiguidade na relação empregada-empregadora ou empregador. Os discursos das trabalhadoras domésticas sinalizaram uma inserção precoce no mundo do trabalho e uma identidade profissional tênue, com relações dúbias entre patroas e empregadas e dúvidas quanto ao reconhecimento e valorização por parte dos empregadores. Os resultados são discutidos à luz da literatura da área e do contexto atual

Domestic work has been undergoing changes, especially in developing countries. In Brazil, such changes have been driven by the Constitutional Amendment no. 72, from 2013. This research discusses the professional identity and labor relations of Brazilian domestic workers, based on ten in-depth interviews conducted with five full-time and five part-time domestic workers, in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. After being recorded and transcribed, the interviews underwent core meaning analysis, which identified two core meanings: entry into the profession entry and professional identity; and employee-employer relationship ambiguity. The interviews revealed an early entry in the labor market and a tenuous professional identity, marked by dubious relations between employers and employees and doubts regarding the recognition and valuation by employers. Results are discussed based on specialized literature and the current context

Trabalhar de casa na pandemia: sentimentos e vivências de gestores e não-gestores públicos / Working from home in the pandemic: feelings and experiences of managers and non-public managers / Trabajar desde casa en la pandemia: sentimientos y vivencias de gestores y no gestores públicos

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar e discutir as percepções de gestores e não-gestores do serviço público, com e sem experiência com teletrabalho, a respeito dessa modalidade de trabalho adotada compulsoriamente em resposta à pandemia da COVID-19. Participaram 1.749 trabalhadores (26% gestores), sendo 52% sem experiência em teletrabalho. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos primeiros meses da pandemia (abril a junho de 2020), a partir de uma pergunta indutora sobre os sentimentos em relação ao teletrabalho. Foi realizada análise de classificação hierárquica descendente no Iramuteq. Foram encontradas diferenças na percepção do teletrabalho de quem tinha ou não experiência com a modalidade remota, bem como diferenças nas percepções de servidores e gestores, sendo acrescidas a estes últimos preocupações com suas equipes. A discussão apresenta implicações para o serviço público e indicações de estudos futuros.

The aim of this study was to compare and discuss perceptions of public service managers and non-managers, with and without experience working remotely, in regards to the compulsory remote work adopted in response to the covid-19 pandemic. A total of 1,749 workers participated (26% managers), 52% of them with remote work experience. Data were collected during the first months of the pandemic (April to June 2020), based on an open question about their feelings about working remotely. We applied descending hierarchical classification on the Iramuteq software. Differences were found in the perceptions about working remotely among those with remote work experience and those with no experience, as well as differences in the perceptions of non-managers and managers who, in addition, were concerned about their teams. The discussion has implications for the public service and points to the need for further studies.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de comparar y discutir las percepciones de gestores y no gestores del servicio público, con y sin experiencia en teletrabajo, sobre el tipo de trabajo adoptado obligatoriamente en respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19. Participaron 1.749 trabajadores (26% gestores), 52% sin experiencia con el teletrabajo. La colecta de datos ocurrió en los primeros meses de la pandemia (abril a junio del 2020), a partir de una pregunta inductora sobre los sentimientos en relación al teletrabajo. El análisis de clasificación jerárquica descendente se realizó en el programa Iramuteq. Fueron encontradas diferencias en la percepción del teletrabajo de quien tenía o no experiencia con la modalidad remota, así como diferencias en las percepciones de no gestores y gestores, siendo agregadas a estas últimas preocupaciones con sus equipos. La discusión presenta implicaciones para el servicio público e indicaciones de estudios futuros.

Adaptação cultural para a população brasileira da escala de conflito triplo / Cross-cultural adaptation of the triple conflict scale for the brazilian population / Adaptación cultural de la escala de conflicto triple para la población brasileña

Os conflitos no trabalho são tema de interesse de quem atua na área de Psicologia Organizacional. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação cultural para amostras brasileiras e testes de validade de construto e validade de critério da Escala de Conflito Triplo 3 IC (Conflito Cognitivo com Foco na Tarefa, Conflito Emocional com Foco na Tarefa e Conflito Emocional com Foco em Relacionamento). A pesquisa foi realizada com 404 trabalhadores de diferentes ocupações, com coleta de dados de aplicação presencial e eletrônica. A análise de dados contemplou análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, além de uma correlação com a escala de satisfação no trabalho para identificar a validade de critério. Os resultados apontam para uma estrutura fatorial semelhante à versão da escala norueguesa, com manutenção das três dimensões e retenção de 10 entre os 12 itens originais. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados e as possibilidades de uso da escala.(AU)

Workplace conflicts are a topic of interest for those who work in the field of Organizational Psychology. This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation for the Brazilian population of the Scale of Triple Conflict (Task-Focused Cognitive Conflict, Task-Focused Emotional Conflict, and Relationship-Focused Emotional Conflict), as well as the initial tests of construct and criterion validity. The study was conducted with 404 workers of different occupations (64% women). Data were collected both electronically and in person and analyzed by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as by correlation with the Work Satisfaction Scale for verifying the predictive validity. The results indicate that the adapted version presents a factorial structure similar to the Norwegian version, maintaining the three dimensions and ten of the 12 original items. The study discusses the results implications and the possibilities of using the scale.(AU)

Los conflictos laborales son tema de interés de quien actúa en el área de Psicología Organizacional. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar la adaptación cultural para muestras brasileñas y pruebas de validez de constructo y validez de criterio de la Escala de Conflicto Triple 3 IC (Conflicto Cognitivo con Foco en la Tarea, Conflicto Emocional con Foco en la Tarea y Conflicto Emocional con Foco en la Relación). Participaron en el estudio 404 trabajadores de diferentes ocupaciones, y la recolección de datos fue de aplicación presencial y electrónica. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, además de una correlación con la escala de satisfacción en el trabajo para identificar la validez predictiva. Los resultados apuntan a una estructura factorial similar a la versión de la escala noruega, con mantenimiento de las tres dimensiones y retención de 10 de los 12 ítems originales. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados y las posibilidades de uso de la escala.(AU)

Career adaptability, perceptions of professional development and employability: a mediation analysis / Adaptabilidade de carreira, percepções de desenvolvimento profissional e empregabilidade: uma análise mediacional / Adaptabilidad de carrera, percepciones de desarrollo profesional y empleabilidad: un análisis mediacional

The objective of this study was to test the mediating role that Perception of Professional Development has in the relationship between Career Adaptability and Perception of/Expectation of Employability among undergraduate students. A total of 1.105 students (57% of women) participated in the investigation, all from different undergraduate courses and institutions. The instruments used had evidence of validity, and data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results supported the research hypothesis and corroborate previous empirical studies. The model showed good fit for the data as to the hypothesized model (X2/df=0.65; CFI=0.94; TLI=0.94; RMSEA=0.05; indirect effect=0.31). The confirmation of the mediating relationship contributes to the understanding of the processes related to Perception of/Expectation of Employability among undergraduate students. Impacts on the career planning of undergraduate students and subsidies for Higher Education management are some of the practical implications of this study. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar o papel mediador da Percepção de Desenvolvimento Profissional na relação entre Adaptabilidade de Carreira e Percepção/Expectativa de Empregabilidade dos universitários. Participaram da investigação 1.105 estudantes (57% mulheres), oriundos de diferentes cursos de graduação e instituições. Os instrumentos adotados contavam com evidências de validade e na análise de dados utilizamos a modelagem por equações estruturais. Os resultados deram suporte à hipótese de pesquisa e corroboram estudos empíricos anteriores. O modelo indicou bom ajuste dos dados ao modelo hipotetizado (X2/gl=0,65; CFI=0,94; TLI=0,94; RMSEA=0,05; efeito indireto=0,31). A confirmação da relação mediadora contribui para o entendimento dos processos relativos à Percepção/Expectativa de Empregabilidade entre universitários. Impactos para o planejamento de carreira de universitários e subsídios para a gestão do Ensino Superior são algumas das implicações práticas do estudo. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue probar el papel mediador de la percepción del desarrollo profesional en la relación entre la adaptabilidad a la carrera y la percepción/expectativa de empleabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios. El estudio incluyó 1.105 estudiantes (57% mujeres), provenientes de diferentes campos e instituciones. Los instrumentos adoptados tenían evidencias de validez y en el análisis de datos utilizamos el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados apoyaron la hipótesis de investigación y corroboran estudios empíricos previos. El modelo indicó un buen ajuste de los datos al modelo hipotético (X2/gl=0,65; CFI=0,94; TLI=0,94; RMSEA=0,05; efecto indirecto=0,31). La confirmación de la relación mediadora contribuye a la comprensión de los procesos relacionados con la Percepción/Expectativa de Empleabilidad entre los estudiantes universitarios. Los impactos para la planificación de la carrera de los estudiantes universitarios y las subvenciones para la gestión de la Educación Superior son algunas de las implicaciones prácticas del estudio. (AU)

Percepção de Desenvolvimento Profissional e de Empregabilidade em Universitários: Uma Análise Comparativa / Perception of Professional Development and Employability in Undergraduate Students: A Comparative Analysis / Percepción del Desarrollo Profesional y la Empleabilidad en Estudiantes Universitarios: Un Análisis Comparativo

Em um contexto em que cresce o número de desempregados que têm Ensino Superior, o planejamento de carreira pode ser um diferencial importante tanto no desenvolvimento profissional, quanto na empregabilidade de universitários. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as percepções de desenvolvimento profissional e de empregabilidade de universitários que planejam ou não sua carreira. Participaram 2.291 universitários de diferentes cursos e instituições (60% mulheres; média de 27 anos). Os instrumentos adotados foram Escala de Percepção Evolutiva do Desenvolvimento Profissional e Escala de Autopercepção de Empregabilidade, ambas com evidências de validade. Nos procedimentos de análises de dados, utilizamos análise de covariância, a fim de comparar grupos sem o possível efeito de covariantes. Os resultados mostraram que aqueles que planejam a carreira, independentemente do momento do curso em que se encontram ou de participarem de atividades acadêmicas complementares, apresentam percepções mais positivas de seu desenvolvimento profissional e de sua empregabilidade. Esses resultados podem gerar impactos para o planejamento de carreira de universitários e oferecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre desenvolvimento profissional e empregabilidade. (AU)

In a context in which the number of unemployed people with higher education grows, career planning can be an important differential both in professional development and in the employability of university students. The objective of this study was to compare the perceptions of professional development and employability of undergraduate students who plan their career or not. Participated 2.291 undergraduate students from different courses and institutions (60% women; average of 27 years old). The instruments adopted were the Professional Development Evolutive Perception Scale and the Employability Self-Perception Scale, both with evidence of validity. In the data analysis procedures, we used covariance analysis to compare groups without the possible effect of covariants. The results showed that those who plan their career, regardless of the time of the course they are in or participate in complementary academic activities, have more positive perceptions of their professional development and employability. These results can impact undergraduate students in career planning and provide input for future research on professional development and employability. (AU)

En un contexto en el que crece el número de desempleados conestudios universitarios, la planificación de la carrera puede ser un diferencial importante tanto en el desarrollo profesional como en la empleabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las percepciones de desarrollo profesional y empleabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios que planifican su carrera y los que no lo hicieron. Participaron 2.291 estudiantes universitarios de distintos cursos e instituciones (60% mujeres; promedio de 27 años). Los instrumentos adoptados fueron la Escala de Percepción Evolutiva de Desarrollo Profesional y la Escala de Autopercepción de Empleabilidad, ambas con evidencia de validez. En los procedimientos de análisis de datos, utilizamos el análisis de covarianza para comparar grupos sin el posible efecto de las covariantes. Los resultados mostraron que aquellos que planean su carrera, independientemente del tiempo del curso en el que se encuentren o de que participen en actividades académicas complementarias, tienen percepciones más positivas de su desarrollo profesional y empleabilidad. Estos resultados pueden afectar la planificación de la carrera universitaria y proporcionar información para futuras investigaciones sobre desarrollo profesional y empleabilidad. (AU)

Propulsores do desenvolvimento profissional em trabalhadores de diferentes graus de escolaridade / Propulsors of professional development from workers of different levels of schooling / Propulsores del desarrollo profesional en trabajadores de diferentes niveles educativos

O processo de desenvolvimento profissional ocorre de formas distintas para as pessoas. Esta pesquisa objetivou comparar as percepções de tal desenvolvimento e de seus propulsores em trabalhadores com e sem pós-graduação. A pesquisa com 388 trabalhadores de diferentes ocupações e profissões (75,7% mulheres, idade média de 43,7 anos) usou escala de escolha forçada, para priorização dos elementos que influenciam o desenvolvimento profissional. Também foram utilizadas vinhetas âncoras para ajuste das respostas à escala de julgamento. Os resultados indicaram mais similitudes do que diferenças nos propulsores do desenvolvimento profissional dos participantes com e sem pós-graduação, mas há alguns propulsores distintos entre eles. Os achados podem contribuir para a avaliação e a tomada de decisões de carreira de diferentes trabalhadores.

The professional development process occurs in different ways for people. This research aimed to compare the perceptions of such development and its propellants in workers with and without graduate studies. The survey of 388 workers from different occupations and professions (75.7% women, mean age of 43.7 years), used a forced choice scale, to prioritize the elements that influence professional development. Anchoring vignettes were also used to adjust responses to the trial scale. The results indicated more similarities than differences in the drivers of professional development of participants with and without graduate studies, but there are some distinct thrusters between them. The findings can contribute to the evaluation and career decision-making of different workers.

El proceso de desarrollo profesional sucede de diferentes maneras para las personas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar las percepciones de dicho desarrollo y de sus propulsores en trabajadores con y sin formación de posgrado. La investigación fue realizada con 388 trabajadores de diferentes ocupaciones y profesiones (75,7 % mujeres, con una media de 43,7 años) se utilizó una escala de elección forzada, para priorizar los elementos que influyen en el desarrollo profesional. También, se utilizaron las viñetas de anclaje para ajustar las respuestas a la escala de juicio. Los resultados indicaron más similitudes que diferencias en cuanto a los propulsores del desarrollo profesional de los participantes con y sin formación de posgrado, pero existen algunos propulsores diferentes entre ellos. Estos resultados pueden contribuir para la evaluación y toma de decisiones profesionales en diferentes trabajadores.

Evidências adicionais de validade da Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho / Additional validity evidence for the Job Satisfaction Scale / Evidencias adicionales de validez de la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral

Este estudo objetivou identificar as propriedades da escala de satisfação no trabalho mais utilizada em amostras brasileiras em termos de sua estrutura, invariância da medida e validade convergente. Participaram da pesquisa 733 trabalhadores (46% mulheres) do setor industrial e terciário de dois estados brasileiros. Além do modelo original de cinco fatores correlacionados, foram comparados três modelos estruturais alternativos (cinco fatores não correlacionados, hierárquico e bifatorial). Os resultados apontam que a estrutura bifatorial com cinco variáveis latentes de primeiro nível mais uma variável geral também de primeiro nível é um modelo estrutural robusto para avaliar a satisfação de trabalhadores brasileiros e foi invariante para todos os grupos testados, tendo a possibilidade de aplicação em amostras com diversidade em termos de tempo de trabalho, grau de escolaridade e sexo. A medida também apresentou correlação positiva de moderada a elevada com outras duas variáveis do comportamento organizacional, confirmando a validade convergente. (AU)

This study aimed to identify the properties of the job satisfaction scale most used in Brazilian samples in terms of its structure, convergent validity and measure invariance. The study involved 733 workers (46% women) from the industrial and tertiary sectors of two Brazilian states. In addition to the original model of five correlated factors, three alternative structural models were compared (five uncorrelated factors, hierarchical and bifactorial). The results show that the bifactorial structure, with five latent variables of the first level plus a general variable also of the first level, is a robust structural model to evaluate the satisfaction of Brazilian workers and was invariant for all groups tested, with the possibility of application in samples with different work times, levels of education and gender. The measure also showed a positive moderate to high correlation with the other two variables of organizational behavior confirming the convergent validity. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las propiedades de la escala de satisfacción laboral más utilizada en muestras brasileñas en términos de su estructura, validez convergente e invarianza de medida. Participaron de la encuesta 733 trabajadores (46% mujeres) de los sectores industrial y terciario de dos provincias brasileñas. Además del modelo original de cinco factores correlacionados, se compararon tres modelos estructurales alternativos (cinco factores no correlacionados, jerárquico y el de dos factores). Los resultados demuestran que, la estructura de dos factores con cinco variables latentes del primer nivel más una variable general, también del primer nivel, es un modelo estructural robusto para evaluar la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores brasileños y fue invariante para todos los grupos evaluados, con la posibilidad de aplicación en muestras con diferentes tiempos de trabajo, escolaridad y género. La medida también presentó correlación positiva, de moderada a elevada, con otras dos variables del comportamiento organizacional, lo que confirma la validez convergente. (AU)

Análise confirmatória e de invariância do inventário de habilidades sociais para situações terapêuticas difíceispara o contexto clínico / Confirmatory and invariance analysis of the social skills Inventory for difficult therapeutic situations for the clinical context / Análisis confirmatorio e invarianza del Inventario de habilidades sociales para situaciones terapéuticas difíciles para el contexto clínico

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Situações Terapêuticas Difíceis em uma amostra de profissionais de Psicologia, bem como avaliar a invariância da medida para profissionais de diferentes abordagens terapêuticas. Participaram 212 terapeutas (85% mulheres). A análise fatorial confirmatória aponta para uma estrutura unifatorial como sendo a mais confiável para os dados, com 12 itens que compreendem um conjunto de comportamentos de quebra de regras por parte do paciente. A análise de invariância multigroupo confirmou que o inventário alcançou invariância configural, métrica, escalar e residual para a escala de frequência das habilidades sociais, considerando para os dois grupos de abordagem diferentes: Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental e outras abordagens. Sendo assim, o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Situações Terapêuticas Difíceis apresentou propriedades psicométricas que possibilitam o uso da medida para identificação das situações consideradas difíceis entre profissionais. (AU)

This study aimed to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Inventory of Social Skills for Difficult Therapeutic Situations with a sample of Psychology professionals, as well as to evaluate the invariance of the measure for professionals of different therapeutic approaches. Participants were 212 therapists (85% women). Confirmatory factor analysis verified a unifactorial structure as the most reliable for the data, with 12 items that comprise a set of rule breaking behaviors by the patient. Multigroup invariance analysis confirmed that the inventory achieved configural, metric, scale and residual invariance for the frequency scale of social skills, considering for the two different approach groups: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other approaches. The Inventory of Social Skills for difficult Therapeutic Situations presented psychometric properties that enable the use of the measure for identifying situations considered difficult by professionals. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio del Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para Situaciones Terapéuticas Difíciles en una muestra de profesionales de psicología, así como evaluar la invarianza de la medida para profesionales de diferentes enfoques terapéuticos. Los participantes fueron 212 terapeutas (85% mujeres). El análisis confirmatorio apunta a una estructura unifactorial como la más fiable para los datos, con 12 ítems que comprenden un conjunto de conductas de ruptura de reglas por parte del paciente. El análisis de invariancia multigrupo confirmó que el inventario alcanzó una invarianza configuracional, métrica, de escala y residual para la escala de frecuencia de las habilidades sociales, considerando para los dos grupos de abordaje diferentes: la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual y otros abordajes. Por tanto, el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para Situaciones Terapéuticas Difíciles presentó propiedades psicométricas que permiten la utilización de la medida para identificar situaciones difíciles entre profesionales de psicología. (AU)

Indicadores Críticos para Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais Educativas em Situações Interpessoais Difíceis / Critical Indicators for Assessing Educational Social Skills in Difficult Interpersonal Situations

Resumo No processo ensino-aprendizagem, a sala de aula é afetada por conflitos interpessoais. Isso exige que o professor lide com situações difíceis durante grande parte do tempo de aula. Este estudo visou construir indicadores de criticidade associando o grau de desconforto emocional, a frequência e a probabilidade de ocorrência de habilidades sociais educativas diante de situações interpessoais consideradas difíceis em sala de aula. Participaram 200 professores do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas. O inventário contou com 19 itens. Foram encontradas sete situações pouco críticas, oito moderadas e quatro muito críticas. Esses resultados podem levar à discussão de como os professores lidam com essas situações e o quanto são capacitados a exercer sua profissão com competência social.

Abstract During the teaching-learning process, the classroom is affected by interpersonal conflicts. This requires the teacher to deal with difficult situations for much of the class time. In this context, this study aimed to construct indicators of criticality by associating frequency of occurrence, degree of emotional discomfort and probability of occurrence of educational social skills in the face of interpersonal situations considered difficult to class. 200 teachers from public and private schools attended. The inventory had 19 items. There were seven uncritical situations, eight moderate and four very critical. These results may lead to a discussion of how teachers deal with these situations and how well they are able to exercise their profession with social competence.