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1.
Data Brief ; 48: 109119, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37383809

RESUMO

Priestia is a genus of biotechnologically important bacteria adapted to thrive in a wide range of environmental conditions including the marine sediments. Here, we screened and isolated a strain from the Bagamoyo marine mangrove-inhabited sediments and then employed whole genome sequencing to recover and define its full genome. De novo-assembly with Unicycler (v. 0.4.8) and annotation with Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) revealed that that its genome contains one chromosome (5,549,131 bp), with a GC content of 37.62%. Further analysis showed that the genome contains 5,687 coding sequences (CDS), 4 rRNAs, 84 tRNAs, 12 ncRNAs, and at least 2 plasmids (1,142 bp and 6,490 bp). On the other hand, antiSMASH-based secondary metabolite analysis revealed that the novel strain (MARUCO02) contains gene clusters for biosynthesis of MEP-DOXP-dependent versatile isoprenoids (eg. carotenoids), siderophores (synechobactin and schizokinen) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The genome dataset also informs about the presence genes encoding enzymes required for generation of hopanoids, compounds that confer adaption to harsh environmental conditions including industrial cultivation recipes. Our data from this novel Priestia megaterium strain MARUCO02 can be used for reference and in genome-guided selection of strains for production of isoprenoids as well as industrially useful siderophores and polymers, amenable for biosynthetic manipulations in a biotechnological process.

2.
Food Sci Nutr ; 11(12): 7664-7672, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38107140

RESUMO

The current study aimed to explore the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum and mixture of both the plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits were grouped into six equal groups as: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) G. sylvestre, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw T. foenum-graecum, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw mixture of both the plants and diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg bw metformin for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced to all the study group animals except normal control by intravenous administration of alloxan monohydrate (80 mg/kg bw). Blood glucose was measured by glucometer and other biochemical parameters were determined through various kit methods. Serum insulin was measured through ELISA kit method. Results showed that both the plants and metformin significantly (p < .05) decreased the fasting blood glucose. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of G. sylvestre and metformin was found slightly higher than aqueous extract of T. foenum-graecum and the mixture of both the plants. However, a significant (p < .05) rise in insulin secretion was observed in studied plants extract treated rabbits. Serum urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes were found reduced significantly (p < .05) in treated rabbits whereas packed cell volume was also returned to normal in treated animals as compared to control group. The study concluded that G. sylvestre and T. foenum-graecum extracts have comparable effects with metformin in normalizing the blood glucose level and have more pronounced effect than metformin in restoring the serum biochemical parameters to normal levels. Hence, these plants may be the good alternative medicine in managing the diabetes mellitus.

3.
Food Sci Nutr ; 11(6): 2500-2529, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37324906

RESUMO

Phytobioactive compounds are plant secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds abundantly present in medicinal plants and have remarkable therapeutic potential. Oxidative stress and antibiotic resistance are major causes of present-day ailments such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. The data for this review were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Science Direct by using keywords: "Medicinal plants, Phytobioactive compounds, Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Carotenoids etc." Several studies have reported the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of the phytobioactives. Polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and polysaccharides isolated from medicinal plants showed remarkable antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. This literature review was planned to provide comprehensive insight into the biopharmacological and therapeutic potential of phytobioactive compounds. The techniques used for the extraction and isolation of phytobioactive compounds, and bioassays required for their biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, have been discussed. Characterization techniques for the structural elucidation of phytobioactive compounds such as HPLC, TLC, FTIR, GC-MS/MS, and NMR have also been discussed. This review concludes that phytobioactive compounds may be used as potential alternative to synthetic compounds as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases.

4.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem ; 22(11): 2063-2079, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34702156

RESUMO

World Health Organization categorized breast cancer as one of the leading cancer types in females worldwide, and its treatment remains challenging. Accumulated evidence suggested the role of estrogen and its metabolites in pre- and post-menopausal women. Upregulation of estrogen-dependent aromatase is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Several aromatase inhibitors, such as exemestane, formestane, and letrozole, are being used clinically, owing to their estrogen suppression role. Apart from these drugs, several other molecules, such as natural and synthetic flavonoids, have been reported widely for a similar biological activity. However, some reasonable modifications are required for these structures to achieve desired efficacy and to alleviate toxicity. Designing a novel aromatase inhibitor will be possible if we can establish a rational correlation between the chemistry and biological features of the existing molecules. The benzopyranone- ring system, present in the flavonoid molecules, has been reported as a pharmacophore due to its inhibitory activity on aromatase, which helps repress breast cancer progression. This essential feature has been utilized to modify several natural flavonoids into 5 and 7 hydroxy/methoxy flavone, 4-imidazolyl/triazolyl flavone, 5,4'- diamino flavone, 7,8- benzo-4-imidazolyl flavone, α-naphthoflavone, and 2-azole/thiazolyl isoflavone derivatives. These scaffolds have been considered in this review for meticulous study in aspects of the structure-activity relationship for aromatase inhibitory activity, and it would likely pave the way for designing a potential lead candidate in the future.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Flavonas , Aromatase/metabolismo , Inibidores da Aromatase/química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Estrogênios , Feminino , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
5.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 271: 113913, 2021 May 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33571616

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The growing challenge to access conventional analgesics, contraindications, and adverse effects could have led individuals to use Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell. (Compositae), as an alternative traditional therapeutic strategy for pain. However, evidence of its safety and efficacy is scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study evaluated the anti-nociceptive effect of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of S. pinnata in mice. METHODS: The mice were randomly assigned to nine groups: (1) vehicle; (2) acetylsalicylic acid (intraperitoneally 150 mg/kg); (3) pentazocine (intramuscularly 1.0 mg/kg); (4 a & b) orally 100 mg/kg extract; (5 a & b) orally 200 mg/kg extract; (6 a & b) orally 400 mg/kg extract. We used an acetic acid-induced writhing model and a tail-flick test. The number of writhes and time taken for the tail to flick was recorded. A one-way analysis of variance followed by Tamhane T2 post hoc was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Compared to a vehicle (59.0 ± 2.68), S. pinnata ethanol extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o reduced writhes to 42.5 ± 1.12 and 27.0 ± 2.62, (p < 0.05) respectively. Similarly, the pain threshold of mice increased dose-dependently; doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, increased time to 5.33 ± 0.42 and 8.67 ± 0.21 min, (p < 0.05) respectively. The extract had an EC50 of 348.8 mg/kg and acute toxicity established an LD50 of 1224.8 (95% CI: 952.2-1575.3). CONCLUSION: S. pinnata ethanol extract had anti-nociceptive activity by central and peripheral mechanisms that could justify its traditional use in pain management. Further studies could now focus on identifying active fractions and pure isolated compounds responsible for anti-nociceptive activity.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Asteraceae/química , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ácido Acético/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos/toxicidade , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Etanol/química , Flavonoides/análise , Camundongos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade
6.
Malawi Med J ; 33(2): 85-107, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34777704

RESUMO

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered an international pandemic that has led to significant public health problems. To date, limited evidence exists to suggest that drugs are effective against the disease. As possible treatments are being investigated, herbal medicines have shown potential for producing novel antiviral agents for the COVID-19 disease. Aim: This review explored the potential of Malawi's traditional medicinal plants for the management of COVID-19. Methods: The authors searched on PubMed and Google scholar for medicinal plants that are used in Malawi and published in openly available peer reviewed journals. Plants linked with antiviral treatment, anti-COVID-19 activity or COVID-19 symptoms management were targeted. These included activity against pneumonia, inflammation, cough, difficulty in breathing, pain/aches, fever, diarrhoea, rheumatism, fatigue, asthma, immunocompromised and cardiovascular diseases. Results: 11 studies were found with 306 plant species. 127 plant species had at least one COVID-19 related pharmacological activity. Of these plant species, the number of herbal entities used for each indication was: pain/aches (87), fever (2), pneumonia (9), breathing/asthma problems (5), coughing (11), diarrhoea (1), immunosuppression (8), blood issues (10), fatigue (2), heart problems (11), inflammation (8), rheumatism (10) and viral diseases (12). Thirty (30) species were used for more than one disease and Azedarachta indica topped the list (6 of the 13 COVID-19 related diseases). The majority of the species had phytochemicals known to have antiviral activity or mechanisms of actions linked to COVID-19 and consequent diseases' treatment pathways. Conclusion: Medicinal plants are a promising source of compounds that can be used for drug development of COVID-19 related diseases. This review highlights potential targets for the World Health Organization and other research entities to explore in order to assist in controlling the pandemic.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Plantas Medicinais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Malaui , Compostos Fitoquímicos , SARS-CoV-2
7.
Front Pharmacol ; 12: 682794, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35002686

RESUMO

Background: Viruses cause various human diseases, some of which become pandemic outbreaks. This study synthesized evidence on antiviral medicinal plants in Africa which could potentially be further studied for viral infections including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. Methods: PUBMED, CINAHIL, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google databases were searched through keywords; antiviral, plant, herb, and Africa were combined using "AND" and "OR". In-vitro studies, in-vivo studies, or clinical trials on botanical medicine used for the treatment of viruses in Africa were included. Results: Thirty-six studies were included in the evidence synthesis. Three hundred and twenty-eight plants were screened for antiviral activities of which 127 showed noteworthy activities against 25 viral species. These, were Poliovirus (42 plants), HSV (34 plants), Coxsackievirus (16 plants), Rhinovirus (14plants), Influenza (12 plants), Astrovirus (11 plants), SARS-CoV-2 (10 plants), HIV (10 plants), Echovirus (8 plants), Parvovirus (6 plants), Semiliki forest virus (5 plants), Measles virus (5 plants), Hepatitis virus (3 plants), Canine distemper virus (3 plants), Zika virus (2 plants), Vesicular stomatitis virus T2 (2 plants). Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1), Enterovirus, Dengue virus, Ebola virus, Chikungunya virus, Yellow fever virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Human cytomegalovirus each showed sensitivities to one plant. Conclusion: The current study provided a list of African medicinal plants which demonstrated antiviral activities and could potentially be candidates for COVID-19 treatment. However, all studies were preliminary and in vitro screening. Further in vivo studies are required for plant-based management of viral diseases.

8.
Sci Afr ; 12: e00824, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37215382

RESUMO

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the world's contributors to mortality. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 coinfections, patients with TB are predisposed to being more heavily weighed down by COVID-19 disease and its opportunistic coinfections. The severity of the disease coupled with drug resistance on the currently used drugs warrants for the search for alternative remedies from synthetic agents, semisynthetics and natural products that include plants. Africa is rich in plant diversity with a promise as sources of drug agents, one of which is Eichhornia crassipes. This work aimed at isolating a fatty acid and dock it to ß-ketoacyl-ACP synthase for possible anti-TB drug development prospects using computational tools. (9z,12z)-Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid was isolated from Eichhornia crassipes for the first time using chromatographic techniques and identified using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and 13C NMR). The compound was then docked to ß-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KasA), an essential member of the b-ketoacyl synthases encoded in the M. tuberculosis genome in comparison with its co-crystallized ligand JSF-3285, also for the first time. (9z,12z)-Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid interacted with only phenylalanine239 and proline201 while JSF-3285 interacted with proline201, glutamine120, alanine119, leucine116, glutamine199, histadine345, phenylalanine239, glycine240 and glycine200. (9z,12z)-Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid had a ligand efficiency of 0.24, compared to the co-crystallized ligand's 0.36. The compound was too flexible and elongated with -4.72 KCalmol-1 binding energy. Despite some unfavourable physico-chemical properties, the compound still provides reliable interactions that only require logical structural modifications by the addition of polar regions amongst others to increase interactions and ligand efficiency, which can consequently stand to be a better potential drug lead. For the first time, plant-based (9z,12z)-Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid isolated from Eichhornia crassipes was shown to interact fairly well with ß-ketoacyl-ACP synthase and proved to be a potential starting material from which anti-tubercular drugs can be designed.

9.
Front Pharmacol ; 12: 757090, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34776975

RESUMO

Several studies have been conducted and published on medicinal plants used to manage Diabetes Mellitus worldwide. It is of great interest to review available studies from a country or a region to resort to similarities/discrepancies and data quality. Here, we examined data related to ethnopharmacology and bioactivity of antidiabetic plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Data were extracted from Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, the Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and other documents focusing on ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, and phytochemistry antidiabetic plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2005 to September 2021. The Kew Botanic Royal Garden and Plants of the World Online web databases were consulted to verify the taxonomic information. CAMARADES checklist was used to assess the quality of animal studies and Jadad scores for clinical trials. In total, 213 plant species belonging to 72 botanical families were reported. Only one plant, Droogmansia munamensis, is typically native to the DRC flora; 117 species are growing in the DRC and neighboring countries; 31 species are either introduced from other regions, and 64 are not specified. Alongside the treatment of Diabetes, about 78.13% of plants have multiple therapeutic uses, depending on the study sites. Experimental studies explored the antidiabetic activity of 133 plants, mainly in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Several chemical classes of antidiabetic compounds isolated from 67 plant species have been documented. Rare phase II clinical trials have been conducted. Critical issues included poor quality methodological protocols, author name incorrectly written (16.16%) or absent (14.25%) or confused with a synonym (4.69%), family name revised (17.26%) or missing (1.10%), voucher number not available 336(92.05%), ecological information not reported (49.59%). Most plant species have been identified and authenticated (89.32%). Hundreds of plants are used to treat Diabetes by traditional healers in DRC. However, most plants are not exclusively native to the local flora and have multiple therapeutic uses. The analysis showed the scarcity or absence of high-quality, in-depth pharmacological studies. There is a need to conduct further studies of locally specific species to fill the gap before their introduction into the national pharmacopeia.

10.
Curr Top Med Chem ; 21(12): 1067-1095, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33966619

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (adult onset diabetes) is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes cases with insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect. The key goal of anti-diabetic therapy is to increase the development of insulin, immunity and/or decrease the amount of blood glucose. While many synthetic compounds have been produced as antidiabetic agents, due to their side effects and limited effectiveness, their usefulness has been hindered. METHODS: This systematic review investigated the bioactive compounds reported to possess activities against type 2 diabetes. Three (3) databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were searched for research articles published between January 2010 and October 2020. A total of 6464 articles were identified out of which 84 articles were identified to be elligible for the study. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: From the data extracted, it was found that quercetin, Kaempferol, Rosmarinic acid, Cyanidin, Rutin, Catechin, Luteolin and Ellagic acid were the most cited bioactive compounds which all falls within the class of polyphenolic compounds. The major sources of these bioactive compounds includes citrus fruits, grapes, onions, berries, cherries, broccoli, honey, apples, green tea, Ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort, green beans, cucumber, spinach, tea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Aloe vera, Moringa oleifera, tomatoes, potatoes, oregano, lemon balm, thyme, peppermint, Ocimum basilicum, red cabbage, pears, olive oil and walnut.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação
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