Thyroid disease post-COVID-19 infection: Report of a case with new-onset autoimmune thyroid disease.

We present hyperthyroidism with autoimmune thyroid disease, which developed a few weeks after the COVID-19 infection in a patient with no prior thyroid disease. Our case was described with clinical presentations, diagnostic tests, and subsequent patient management and compared to other similar reported cases. A 28-year-old female patient with no prior history of thyroid dysfunction developed hyperthyroidism 8 weeks after COVID-19 infection, confirmed by low thyroid stimulating hormone, high free thyroxine 4, and thyroid receptor antibody. She was treated and responded well to methimazole 20 mg in a few weeks. We searched the literature and found three other similar reported cases and compared those. The effects of COVID-19 infection on the immune system and the thyroid gland might explain the pathology of hyperthyroidism post-COVID-19 infection in this patient. This new-onset hyperthyroidism was found in a woman with mild symptoms and responded well to thiamazole and ß-blockers.

Moisturizing effectiveness of immediate compared with delayed moisturization.

INTRODUCTION: Moisturizers play an essential role in maintaining the integrity of the skin barrier by increasing stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). According to dermatology and allergy guidelines, moisturizers should be applied on the skin within 3 min after bathing or showering. However, there is very little evidence supporting this recommendation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of immediate and delayed moisturizing after bathing/washing on the improvement of SCH and TEWL. METHODS: This was a crossover study of 60 healthy Vietnamese volunteers aged 18-25 years. In each subject, SCH and TEWL levels were measured at three areas: non-moisturized, immediate moisturizing after washing, and delayed moisturizing at 30 min after washing. RESULTS: In non-moisturized skin, SCH and TEWL levels were significantly different from the baseline at 60 min after washing, while significantly decreased TEWL levels were observed immediately after moisturizing. In addition, moisturized skin had significantly higher SCH and lower TEWL levels compared with non-moisturized areas at every time point (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the percentage changes of SCH and TEWL levels from baseline did not differ between immediately and delayed moisturized areas. CONCLUSIONS: Tested moisturizer helped increase SCH and decrease TEWL; however, there was no difference in moisturizing effectiveness between immediate and delayed moisturizing in healthy skin. The recommendation of immediate application of moisturizers after bathing/washing should be reconsidered, and more studies are needed to establish a stronger recommendation.