Clinical features and outcomes of 37 Argentinean patients with severe granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener granulomatosis).

BACKGROUND: Most epidemiologic studies involving severe granulomatosis with polyangiitis (SGPA) patients have investigated populations from the northern hemisphere, whereas few studies have been conducted in South America. None of the South American studies have differentiated between localized GPA and SGPA. PURPOSE: The present study was designed to describe a cohort of Argentinean patients who were diagnosed with SGPA and to compare this cohort with previously well-described cohorts. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study that included 37 consecutive SGPA patients who were seen at 2 tertiary centers in Buenos Aires. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (51.3%) were male, and 18 patients (49.7%) were female. The mean age at the onset of symptoms was 48.5 ± 12.01 years. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) was detected in 34 patients (91.89%): 32 patients (86.48%) had a cytoplasmic staining pattern, whereas 2 patients (5.40%) had a perinuclear pattern. Three patients were ANCA-negative. Twenty-four patients (64%) achieved remission, and 7 patients (19%) had response as defined by at least 50% reduction in the disease activity score. Nineteen relapses were observed in 12 patients, and 2 of the relapses were fatal. Overall, there were 14 deaths (37.83%). CONCLUSIONS: The present series demonstrated that Argentinean patients have similar demographics, clinical manifestations, and outcomes as the cohorts from the northern hemisphere. There was less granulomatous organ involvement (ear/nose/throat, lung granulomas) in the present cohort compared with other series.

The HLA-B*51 Allele is strongly associated with Behçet Disease in an Argentinean population.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the HLA-B*51 allele and Behçet Disease (BD) in Argentinean patients. METHODS: We enrolled 34 consecutive Argentinean patients with definitive diagnosis of BD between October 2016 and March 2017. None of the patients had the HLA-B*51 allele determined at study entry. Unrelated controls (n=240) were randomly obtained from the national cadaveric donor database. Demographic and clinical features of the patients were recorded by attending physicians through a questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean age of cases was 42 years old. Nineteen (55.8%) were male, and the mean age at diagnosis was 35 years old; twenty (58.8%) were Mestizos, 8 (23.5%) were Caucasian, and 6 (17.6%) were Amerindians. Thirteen (38.2%) of 34 cases were HLA-B*51 allele positive; 11 were heterozygous and 2 homozygous for the allele. Thirty-four (14.2%) of 240 controls were positive for the HLA-B*51 allele. The association between BD and HLA-B*51 allele was greater than that of control group (OR=3.75; p=0.0012). CONCLUSIONS: The HLA-B*51 allele is strongly associated with BD in Argentinean patients. Our finding is consistent with previous studies indicating that the HLA-B*51 allele is an important susceptibility gene in BD regardless the geographical region and ethnicity.

Rituximab in the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

BACKGROUND: The general consensus is that for patients with EGPA with poor prognosis, intensive therapy with both GC and CF is indicated. The maintenance of remission is made with GC and AZA. A considerable number of patients with EGPA are refractory to first line therapy, experience dose-limiting side effects or relapse. In clinical trials, RTX was effective for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. However, patients with a diagnosis of EGPA were not included. OBJECTIVE: to review and analyze the published literature regarding the use of RTX in the treatment of EGPA. METHODS: The literature search was performed in MEDLINE and LILACS from 1965 and 1986 respectively until february 2014. RESULTS: 27 patients were included. RTX treatment was due to refractory disease (n=20), relapse (n=5) and with newly diagnosed (n=2). The affected organs were the lungs, peripheral nervous system, kidney and the eyes. Sixteen patients had clinical remission and 8 patients had clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: RTX was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of EGPA.

4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -308 A/G tumor necrosis factor-α promoter gene polymorphisms in Argentinean lupus patients: focus on lupus nephritis.

We investigated the relationship between the 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and -308 A/G tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) polymorphisms and the clinical and biochemical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in an Argentinean patient cohort. A total of 402 patients were studied, including 179 SLE patients and 223 healthy individuals. PCR-RLFP was used to determine the genotypes of the 4G/5G PAI-1 and -308 A/G TNF-α polymorphisms. SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN) (n = 86) were compared with patients without LN (n = 93). Additionally, LN patients were divided into proliferative LN and non-proliferative LN groups according to the results of the renal biopsies. No significant differences were noted in the genotype distributions or allele frequencies of these TNF-α and PAI-1 polymorphisms between SLE patients and controls. There were higher numbers of criteria for SLE, more lupus flares and higher damage scores in LN patients, but there were similar frequencies of anti-phospholipid antibody (APA) positivity and anti-phospholipid syndrome. No significant difference was noted for any studied variable between the proliferative LN and non-proliferative LN groups except for the presence of APA. We found no significant differences in the TNF-α and PAI-1 genotype distributions or allele frequencies between groups. We found that the -308 A/G TNF-α and 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to SLE in an Argentinean population. We also did not find any association between the presence of any specific allele or genotype and the development of LN in SLE patients. Finally, no association was noted between either of the two polymorphisms and the severity of renal disease.

La hiperostosis esquelética idiopática difusa (DISH) como expresión de un proceso sistémico / Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hiperostosis (DISH) as an expression of a systemic process

La Hiperostosis Esquelética Idiopática Difusa es una condición caracterizada por la calcificación y/u osificación de los tejidos blandos, principalmente entesis, ligamentos y cápsulas articulares. En 1950, Forestier y Rotés-Querol publicaron una serie denominándola "hiperostosis anquilosante vertebral senil" y la distinguieron como entidad nosológica separada de la espondiloartrosis y la espondilitis anquilosante

Carta al Comité de Redacción / Letter to the Drafting Committee

He leído con atención el artículo del Dr. Alfredo Pinzón titulado: "Babinsky o Babinski" (1) publicado en su prestigiosa revista, al cual accedí a través de Internet. Coincido profundamente con los datos aportados por el Dr. Pinzón, siendo un tema de preocupación no sólo por la existencia de un simple error ortográfico, sino por otra serie de implicancias desarrolladas previamente. Nuestro trabajo "¿Qué Babinsky? Babinski" (2), dio origen a la respuesta del Dr. Fernando A. Navarro: "Ni Babinsky ni Babinski: ¡Babinski!" (3). El Dr. Navarro además, es autor del "Diccionario crítico de dudas inglés-español de medicina" (4), imprescindible para el manejo de la literatura médica de los profesionales hispanoparlantes, donde el tema de Babinski es nuevamente citado. Atendiendo al título de la sección, Lapsus Medicus, y siendo el lapsus (Del lat. lapsus, resbalón) una f.lta o equivocación cometida por descuido (Diccionario de la Real Academia Española), me parece correcto completar este aporte

Causas de admisión hospitalaria y factores pronósticos en pacientes con vasculitis asociadas a anticuerpos anti-citoplasma de neutrófilo / Causes of hospitalization and prognosis in with antineutrophil cytoplamic autoantibodies associated to vasculitis

Antecedentes: Existen pocos estudios descriptivos sobre las causas de internación de los pacientes con vasculitis asociadas a ANCA (VAA), todos son retrospectivos y realizados en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Objetivo: Investigar la epidemiología, los hallazgos clínicos y la evolución de los pacientes con VAA durante su internación, e identificar los factores pronósticos asociados a mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes con diagnóstico de VAA internados en el Hospital Juan A. Fernández y la Clínica San Camilo (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina), entre el 1 de enero de 2011 y el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Resultados: Treinta y cuatro pacientes fueron incluidos, 18 (53%) de sexo femenino. Edad media de 60 ± 12 años. En 9 (26%) pacientes el diagnóstico de VAA se realizó en la internación. La Poliangeítis Microscópica (MPA) fue la vasculitis más común (50%). Dieciocho (53%) pacientes se internaron por actividad clínica de la vasculitis. Órganos/sistemas afectados: pulmón (n=9), riñón (n=6), otorrinolaringológicas (n=5), sistema nervioso periférico (n=5) y piel (n=2). Ocho (23,5%) pacientes fueron admitidos por complicaciones infecciosas y ocho por otras causas. Fallecieron 8 (23,5%) pacientes, 3 debido a actividad de la vasculitis, 4 debido a complicaciones infecciosas y 1 por falla multiorgánica (2º infusión pamidronato). Los que ingresaron a UCI tuvieron mayor mortalidad (p=0,001); el sexo (p=0,69), la edad (p=0,15), el diagnóstico “de novo” de vasculitis (p=0,4), el BVAS y VDI no mostraron diferencias entre los sobrevivientes y fallecidos. La mortalidad de los pacientes que ingresaron por actividad de la vasculitis comparado con los que ingresaron por complicaciones infecciosas fue similar (p=0,6). Conclusiones: La causa más frecuente de internación en pacientes con VAA fue la actividad de la enfermedad, seguida por las causas infecciosas.

Background: Few retrospective studies have described the clinical course of patients with ANCA-asocciated vasculitis (AAV) admitted to the hospital, all of them in intensive care units (ICU).Objective: To study the epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of patients with AAV admitted to the hospital, and to identify the prognostic factors associated with mortality.Methods: Patients with AAV admitted to the Juan A. Fernández Hos-pital and San Camilo Clinic (Buenos Aires City, Argentina) betweenJanuary 2011 and December 2013 were included. Results: Thirty four patients [18 (53%) female] with an average 60 ±12 years old were included. AAV was diagnosed in 9 (26%) patientsin the hospital. Microscopic Polyangiitis was the most common AAV. Eighteen (53%) patients were admitted due to active vasculitis. Lung(n=9), kidney (n=6), ear-nose-throat (n=5), peripheral nervous system (n=5) and skin (n=2) were the organs/systems involved. Other reasons for admission were: infection and metabolic conditions [8(23.5%) patients each]. Eight (23.5%) patients died, 3 due to active vasculitis, 4 due to infection and 1 patient due to multiorgan failure after pamidronate treatment. Mortality was significantly higher for patients who were admitted in ICU (p=0.001); gender (p=0.69), age(p=0.15), new diagnosis of AAV (p=0.4), BVAS and VDI showed no significant differences between survival and dead patients. The mortality was similar (p=0.6) between the patients with active vasculitis and the patients with infections. Conclusion: The main reason for hospitalization in AAV patients was active vasculitis followed by infection. Mortality rate was high and the main causes were infections regardless the diagnosis at admission.

Síndrome pulmo-renal en poliangeitis con granulomatosis (Granulomatosis de Wegener): estudio de 13 casos / Pulmonary renal syndrome in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis): a study of 13 cases

Las vasculitis ANCA asociadas son la causa más frecuente de síndrome pulmo-renal (SPR); dentro de este grupo se halla la poliangeitis con granulomatosis (GPA). El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características clínicas y de laboratorio de pacientes con SPR y GPA, y comparar su sobrevida con un grupo de GPA graves sin SPR. Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 37 casos de GPA pertenecientes a dos centros terciarios de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se incluyeron para el análisis 13 casos con GPA/SPR; 7 fueron de sexo femenino, la media de edad al diagnóstico fue de 48 años. La media de seguimiento fue 4.66 años. El Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) inicial fue de 31.13 ± 7.99 vs 18.19 ± 4.45 en el grupo de GPA sin SPR. Doce casos fueron ANCA-c positivos. El tratamiento consistió inicialmente en esteroides y ciclofosfamida; en los casos cuyo compromiso renal fue severo (creatinina plasmática 5mg/dll) se realizó plasmaféresis y diálisis. Se obtuvo la remisión de 8 casos; 2 recayeron durante el seguimiento. Se observaron 6 muertes; 2 fueron debidas a la actividad de la enfermedad, 3 debidas a infecciones y 1 a un accidente cerebrovascular. Todos fallecieron dentro de los 12 meses posteriores al diagnóstico. La mortalidad a los 30 días fue 38.46% en el grupo de GPA/SPR vs. 4.16% en el grupo de GPA sin SPR. El SPR es una de las formas más graves de la GPA y conlleva una elevada morbimortalidad. El diagnóstico debe ser rápido, excluyéndose otras posibles etiologías para poder instaurar un adecuado tratamiento que pueda modificar la mortalidad temprana que se observa en este síndrome. La determinación precoz de los ANCAs en el contexto clínico adecuado sería una herramienta de gran utilidad diagnóstica.

Granulomatosis de wegener refractaria: rol terapéutico de rituximab: revisión de tres casos / Refractoy wegener's granulomatosis: therapeutic rol of rituximab

El tratamiento convencional para la granulomatosis de Wegener, que incluye esteroides y ciclofosfamida, no es suficiente para el control de la actividad de la enfermedad en algunos pacientes considerados refractarios y conlleva cierta toxicidad relacionada al mismo. La depleción de células B con rituximab ha demostrado ser efectivo en el tratamiento de varias enfermedades autoinmunes, incluyendo las vasculitis sistémicas asociadas a anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA). Reportamos tres casos de granulomatosis de Wegener refractarios tratados exitosamente con rituximab.

Conventional therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis, steroid and cyclophosphamide, fails to control disease activity in same refractorypatients and has treatment-related toxicity. B cell depletion therapyusing rituximab has been shown to be effective for certain autoimmunediseases, including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis. We report three refractory cases of Wegener’s granulomatosis successfully treated with rituximab.