An in vivo and in vitro analysis of free radical scavenging potential possessed by Desmodium gangeticum chloroform root extract: interpretation by gsms.

In the present study, the effect of DG chloroform root extract was assessed on isolated rat heart and in-vitro antioxidant models. Ischemia reperfusion injury was experimentally induced by using Langendroff apparatus. The free radical scavenging potential was studied in vitro by using different antioxidant models such as DPPH, super oxide scavenging activity, hydroxide scavenging activity and nitric oxide scavenging activity. Both experimental approaches not only substantiate its antioxidant potential but also the cardio-protection imparted by the extract. The cardio-stimulatory effects were investigated for the extract by treating it as a pre-conditioning agent against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. The improved antioxidant status of the myocardium indirectly predicts reduced oxidative stress mediated by ischemic reperfusion with evident reduction of infarct size determined by cardiac marker protein. These findings indicate that DG chloroform root extract may possess therapeutic potential against ischemia reperfusion injury.

Administration of aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L) root protects rat heart against ischemic reperfusion injury induced oxidative stress.

Myocardial reperfusion is believed to be associated with free radical injury. The present study evaluates the effect of aqueous extract of D. gangeticum (DG) on lipid peroxides and antioxidants in ischemic reperfused (IR) Wistar albino male rats. Significant elevation in lipid peroxide products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were observed in the rat hearts during ischemia reperfusion phase. Pre treatment of rats with aqueous extract of DG orally for 30 days showed significantly improved preservation of antioxidant enzymes and subsequent reduction in lipid peroxidation. But 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stained rat heart did not show much significant antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, TTC unstained rat heart showed significant improvement in the antioxidant activities indicating cardio protective effect of aqueous extract of DG in myocardium affected by ischemia reperfusion insult. The administration of DG to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameter studied. These results indicate that DG improves the antioxidant capacity of heart and attenuate the degree of lipid peroxidation after IR.

Methanol extract of Desmodium gangeticum roots preserves mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, protecting rat heart against oxidative stress induced by reperfusion injury.

Ischaemia and reperfusion result in mitochondrial dysfunction, with decreased oxidative capacity, loss of cytochrome c and generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a methanol extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L) DC (Fabaceae) (DG) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in mitochondria and tissue homogenates of normal, ischaemic and ischaemia-reperfused rats. Myocardial lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS) in cardiac tissue homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were significantly increased during ischaemia reperfusion. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase) in the myocardial tissue homogenate and mitochondria decreased significantly during ischaemia reperfusion, accompanied by a decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. Daily pretreatment of rats with DG (50 or 100 mgkg(-1)) orally for 30 days had a significant effect on the activity of mitochondrial and antioxidant enzymes. In-vitro studies showed that DG inhibited lipid peroxidation, and also scavenged hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. The concentrations required to scavenge 50% of the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were 21 and 50.5 microgmL(-1), respectively. Administration of DG to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameters studied. The results of our study showed that DG possesses the ability to scavenge the free radicals generated during ischaemia and ischaemia reperfusion and thereby preserves the mitochondrial respiratory enzymes that eventually lead to cardioprotection.

Methanol extract of Desmodium gangeticum DC root mimetic post-conditioning effect in isolated perfused rat heart by stimulating muscarinic receptors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pharmacological mimetic action of herbal extract Desmodium gangeticum (DG) roots on ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS: With the help of Langendroff perfusion technique, ischemic post condition (POC) mimetic action of DG methanol root extract was evaluated and compared by using standard drugs that acts as muscarinic receptor agonist and antagonist, namely acetylcholine (Ach) and atropine (Atr) respectively in an isolated rat heart. RESULTS: The physiological parameters like left ventricular developed pressure, end diastolic pressure and working index of isolated rat heart showed significant recovery in DG root extract administrated rat heart, similar to the recovery by POC. Kymogram results showed muscarinic receptor agonist like action for DG methanol root extract, confirmed in rat heart by muscarnic receptor agonist (acetylcholine) and anatoginst (atropine). Administration of DG root extract prior to reperfusion showed better antioxidant status in myocardial tissue homogenate and mitochondrial, complemented by the levels of cardiac specific marker proteins in myocardial tissue and perfusate. Even though DG methanol root extract mimics its action similar to that of Ach, the myocardial protection mediated by the extract was superior to Ach, due to the presence of antioxidants in the crude extract. CONCLUSIONS: DG methanol root extract provides myocardial protection towards IRI by stimulating muscarinic receptors.

Antioxidant status of South Indian patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a role of intra operative magnesium supplementation.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of magnesium on the level and progression of oxidative stress in the erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane, during heart surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass. A clinical trial (n=52) was conducted and we took five blood samples at different times during the cardiac surgery. The level of lipid per-oxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. The results revealed an increase in oxidative stress after CPB in erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane. However, the extensive treatment of the patients with magnesium influences the cellular response to ischemia and thus induces cardio-protection against oxidative stress.