Laparoscopic resection of an incidental appendiceal mucocele: is it correct. Case report.

Mucocele of the appendix is an uncommon disorder, characterized by a cystic dilatation of the lumen; it's mainly due to mucinous cystadenoma. Definite diagnosis is difficult preoperatively. It can be discovered incidentally at laparotomy or laparoscopy performed for other reason. Treatment consist in complete resection avoiding rupture of the cyst in the peritoneal cavity. Indeed, rupture of the lesion either spontaneous or accidental, during surgery may result in the clinical condition of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Therefore, open approach is recommended for the surgical treatment of these lesions. The role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of appendiceal mucocele remains controversial. We report a case of mucous cystadenoma of the appendix, successfully removed during a laparoscopy for perforated peptic ulcer, which was well at a 12-month follow-up. Laparoscopic appendectomy is not contraindicated in mucocele of appendix, if appropriate precautions can be taken intraoperatively.

Safety and efficacy of Staged Extubation Set in patients with difficult airway: a prospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: A safe extubation is the extension of any airway management strategy. Despite different guidelines, a number of extubation accidents still occurs. Re-intubation failure could be fatal, thus a strategy and safe and efficient devices for this purpose are essential. METHODS: Multicentric prospective observational study on adult patients with endotracheal intubation and known difficult airway. A Staged Extubation Set® (SES) was used for extubation. Demographics, ASA, El Ganzouri, type of surgery, re-intubation success/failure and complications were recorded. The aim of the study was the assessment of the rate of re intubation failure, complications during failures, patients' comfort and evidence of airway injury. RESULTS: Overall, 114 subsequent difficult airway patients were enrolled. Fifteen patients (13%) required re-intubation: ten of 15 (66%) were successfully re-intubated, with a first-pass success rate of 100%. In five patients (33%), re-intubation over SES was unsuccessful, with re-intubation difficulty rate three (easy), three (quite easy) and nine (very difficult) and five cases of desaturation. Complications included one case of esophageal intubation, one case of lip trauma, and two cases of airway edema. Of 114 patients, eight (7%) perceived the procedure as intolerable. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study show a relatively satisfactory success rate with a relatively high number of re-intubations failure and a low incidence of complications when using a SES in a cohort of difficult airway patients, all failures due to guidewire dislodgement during or after extubation. Further research is needed to improve success rate; at the same time the need for an extubation protocol is strongly advocated.

Caveolin-1 expression in human breast lobular cancer progression.

Caveolin-1 is the principal structural protein of caveolae, and caveolin-1 gene plays a role as a tumour suppressor gene in human mammary cancer-derived cells. However, limited data are available concerning caveolin-1 expression in human breast cancer tissue. We evaluated caveolin-1 expression in normal lobular epithelial cells and in the whole human lobular neoplasia spectrum disease, with the aim to examine differences of caveolin-1 expression in human lobular neoplasia progression. We selected 147 cases of pure lobular lesions, ie lobular intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive lobular carcinoma, from 112 patients. Presence of caveolin-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Among 81 lobular intraepithelial neoplasia lesions studied, 43% were associated with invasive lobular carcinoma, with positive correlation between lobular intraepithelial neoplasia grade and presence of invasive component (P=0.01). In total, 64% of lobular lesions were positive for caveolin-1 (81% lobular intraepithelial neoplasia and 42% invasive lobular carcinoma), and a significant difference in terms of caveolin-1 expression was present between lobular intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive lobular carcinoma (P=0.0001). Variations in caveolin-1 expression were evident among the different lobular intraepithelial neoplasia grades (91% grade 1, 68% grade 2, 35% grade 3); the difference was significant comparing lobular intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 vs 1 (P=0.0001) and grade 3 vs 2 (P=0.007) but not grade 1 vs 2. Furthermore, significant differences were found between lobular intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1 and 2 vs invasive lobular carcinoma (P=0.0001), but not between lobular intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive lobular carcinoma (P=0.196). In conclusion, variations of caveolin-1 expression may have an important role in the progression of human breast lobular cancer; in addition, they confirm the powerful clinical impact of the lobular intraepithelial neoplasia classification for lobular intraepithelial neoplasia, supporting the direct origin of invasive lobular carcinoma from clonal expansion of the lobular intraepithelial neoplasia lesions cells.

Survey on learning needs and preferred sources of information to meet these needs in Italian oncology patients receiving chemotherapy.

Cancer patient education can be especially important in topics like side effects of chemotherapy. Information needs of oncology patients are scarcely investigated in Italy. This study aimed to identify the learning needs, the amount of information desired and the preferred methods of information delivery of Italian cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. A total of 111 cancer patients completed a questionnaire developed for this study, which was assessed for validity and reliability. Respondents ranked the following priority information: illness, recovery, treatments, chemotherapy side effects and trajectory of illness. The great majority wanted to receive as much information as possible about all these topics. Most patients showed their wish to be informed along with their relatives, but only a few wanted relatives to be informed before them. The preferred method for receiving information about side effects of chemotherapy was oral conversation, followed by written information. Patients preferred receiving information from the oncologist, followed by the oncology nurse and the general practitioner. Most respondents preferred to be informed before receiving the first cycle of chemotherapy. Results are consistent with the existing literature with regard to information priorities, quantity of information desired and preferred methods of information. In contrast with a non-disclosure dominant culture, Italian cancer patients manifest their wish to be informed a great deal and personally about their condition. In order to meet cancer patients' information needs, health professionals' education and practice should be improved.

The impact of motivational therapy in the management of enuretic children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of a motivational therapy (MT) on the outcomes for individuals diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis (NE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We enrolled 158 patients with NE referred to the Service of Pediatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital of Rome, from January 2013 to September 2017. Of these, 21 were excluded because they didn't meet the inclusion criteria. The study was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. RESULTS: A hundred and thirty seven enuretic patients [100 (72.9%) male and 37 (27.1%)] female patients with a median age of 8.8 years were included in the study. The patients were assigned to receive pharmacological therapy with desmopressin (dDAVP) (G1) (n=51), MT (G2) (n=33) and both of them (G3) (n=53). The three groups were homogeneous, with no significant differences in gender, age and family history of NE. In G1, 30/51 (58.82%) children achieved response vs. 1/33 (3.0%) children in G2 vs. 35/53 (66.04%) children in G3. About these results, The differences between G2 vs. G1 (p<0.01) and vs. G3 (p<0.01) were statistically significant while the difference between G1 vs G3 was not statistically significant (p=0.45). CONCLUSION: Our study underlines the importance of MT in the management of NE and highlights the safety of treatment and the positive effect of MT on the compliance and the adherence to pharmacological therapy. Considering the importance of the impact of such evidence on children's lifestyle, we expect that further study with a larger sample size may confirm our hypothesis.

Treatment of benign positional vertigo in the elderly: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of three therapeutic strategies (Semont maneuver, flunarizine, and no treatment) in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized prospective trial. METHODS: One hundred fifty-six consecutive patients older than 60 years of age who were affected by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal were enrolled. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the history of recurrent sudden crisis of vertigo and positional-induced typical nystagmus after Dix-Hallpike positioning maneuver. Patients were randomly allocated to receive Semont liberatory maneuver (intended as a statoconia-detachment maneuver), flunarizine, or no treatment. A post-treatment negative Dix-Hallpike test result was considered as a proof of vertigo resolution. RESULTS: Cure rates with Semont maneuver were significantly higher (94.2%) than those obtained with flunarizine (57.7%) and no treatment (36.4%) (P <.001). Within a 6-month follow-up, relapse rates were lower among patients treated with Semont maneuver (3.8%) than those obtained with flunarizine (5.8%) and no treatment (21.1%). All patients with resolution of symptoms and negative Dix-Hallpike test results showed a great improvement in daily activities and quality of life (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Semont liberatory maneuver is the most successful therapy for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and improves patients' quality of life. Diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers are easy to perform and should be part of the medical knowledge of every general practitioner and geriatrician.

Intestinal obstruction caused by torsed gangrenous Meckel's diverticulum encircling terminal ileum.

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is considered the most prevalent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. It may result in a number of complications including hemorrhage, obstruction, and inflammation. Obstruction of various types is the most common presenting symptom in the adult population. Loop formations with the end of an MD and adjacent mesentery constricting the distal ileum is an uncommon cause of obstruction. Axial torsion and gangrene of MD is the rarest of the complications. The correct diagnosis of complicated MD before surgery is often difficult because this condition may mimic other acute abdominal pathologies. Delay in the diagnosis of a complicated MD can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Here we describe the case of a patient with a very rare form of acute small bowel obstruction secondary to giant torsed gangrenous MD encircling the terminal ileum. To our knowledge, this co-occurrence of axial torsion and a loop-forming mechanism of obstruction has been reported only once in English medical literature.

Microbiological evaluation of tissue expanders in patients who had first stage breast reconstruction.

Capsular contracture is one of the most common complications associated to the use of foreign materials in reconstruction after mastectomy and aesthetic breast augmentation. Many risk factors, causes, and conditions seldom associated with capsular contracture have been identified but none of these have been confirmed by published data. Among these, subclinical infections (particularly those caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis) seem to be one of the most likely. In the present study we analysed the correlation between capsular contracture and the incidence of periprosthetic subclinical infection in two groups of patients who had first-stage breast reconstruction: one group of patients who were not having adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer (n = 25) and a second group of patients who had had quadrantectomy and radiotherapy (QUART) and successive radical mastectomy for recurrent disease (n = 25). Patients who had radiotherapy had a significantly higher incidence of subclinical infection (n = 13) than patients who did not (n = 1), but there was no statistical correlation between subclinical infection and capsular contracture. Subclinical infections seemed to present at a later stage and under certain local and systemic circumstances that favoured bacterial growth, such as radiotherapy.