[Some factors influencing the efficiency of disk-diffusion test to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms].

On diffusion of an antibiotic from the disk to the nutrient medium, gel concentration of an antibiotic changes. This process is individual for each antibiotic. The action of different concentrations of the antibiotic at different intervals results in the suppression of microbial growth around the disk (formation of a zone). The relationship between the antibiotic concentration in the disk and the diameter of a microbial growth suppression area is proportional in the limited range of concentrations. The relationship between the concentration of an antibiotic and the diameter of a growth suppression area may greatly vary for various taxonomic groups of microorganisms and for various strains. The established fact may be responsible for the disagreement of results of a microbial antibiotic sensitivity test, by using different methods and makes the standardization of the disk-diffusion test difficult.

[Characteristics of antibiotic use in children]. / Usobennosti primeneniia antibiotikov u detei.

In antibiotic therapy of children bacteriological findings should be considered. The choice of antibiotic doses depends on the drug pharmacokinetics and damaging effect, the state of the excretory organs and some other factors. Antibiotic elimination in children during the postnatal period is limited: there is a relationship between the gestation term and intensity of drug elimination. Antibiotics penetrate through the placental barrier. They are detected in the mother milk. The damaging effect of antibiotics in many respects depends on their properties, dosage and administration route. Children are more sensitive to the direct toxic action of antibiotics as compared to adults. Development of dysbacteriosis in children is frequent. Allergic reactions with diverse clinical signs are possible in children. Combined antibiotic therapy with observation of definite requirements is more efficient. Still, because of the antibiotic damaging effect monotherapy is more preferable in all possible cases.

[Effect of various microorganisms on the activity of levorin]. / Vliianie nekotorykh mikroorganizmov na aktivnos't levorina.

Levorin added to nutrient media with growing cultures of aerobic gram-positive bacilli, Escherichia, enterococci and filamentous fungi was partially inactivated. The antibiotic activity decrease depended on the strain characteristics, incubation period and temperature. Fermentation broth filtrates of the experimental strains also inactivated levorin while to a lesser extent than the growing organisms. In contaminated levorin pastes, the antibiotic activity was lower. The fermentative nature of inactivation was not proved.

[Chemotherapy of bacteroides infection under clinical and experimental conditions]. / Khimioterapiia bakteroidnykh infektsii v klinike i eksperimente.

Bacteroides were detected in pus and bioptates of the majority of 125 patients with purulent and purulent septic infections of various localization. In 90 per cent of the subjects the bacteroides were detected in association with aerobes, facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. The species of the bacteroides and concomitant microflora isolated from the cases with different diseases were defined by endogenic sources of the microbial contamination. Sensitivity of 112 bacteroide strains to antimicrobial agents was tested. Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole, cefotaxime and heliomycin proved to be the most efficient. Efficacy of heliomycin was detected in hamsters with experimental bacteroide infection in the buccal sac. Thorough bacteriological examination is required for rational chemotherapy of bacteroide infections.

[Organizational and methodologic aspects of antibiotic therapy in a surgical clinic]. / Organizatsionno-metodicheskie aspekty antibiotikoterapii v khirurgicheskoi klinike.

The article presents modern ideas of the most rational methods of antibiotic therapy in treatment of patients in the surgical clinic.

[Kanamycin sulfate and sodium cephazolin pharmacokinetics in experimental strangulation obstruction of the small intestine]. / Farmakokinetika kanamitsina sul'fata i tsefazolina natriia pri éksperimental'noi stranguliatsionnoi tonkokishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

The experimental investigation of pharmacokinetic properties of kanamycin and cephazolin has shown the antibiotic to penetrate well into the blood, lymph, abdominal exudate. Transport of kanamycin in the wall of the strangulated intestine and its mesentery through the lymphatic system and by adsorption from the abdominal exudate is supposed to be possible. Normal concentration of the antibiotic was determined in the tissues around the strangulation zone. The concentration peak of both antibiotics was noted 1 hour after introduction in all the biosubstrates studied which may serve as an orientator for the optimal time of operation.

[Rapid determination of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics by using laser spectroscopy]. / Uskorennoe opredelenie chuvstvite'lnosti mikroorganizmov k antibiotikam s ispo'lzovaniem lazernoi spektroskopii.

A method of express-determination of the susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics is presented based upon the registration by the method of laser spectroscopy of changes of optic properties of cultures at early terms of their incubation in liquid nutrient media with addition of antibiotics. The method was elaborated in 13 standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with antibiotics of different classes, tested on the microflora of pus of patients with sepsis, verified by the method of serial dilutions of the antibiotic. The method makes it possible to obtain the minimum inhibiting concentration of antimicrobial preparations 1 h after the moment of obtaining the native material.