[Rural medical practice at the beginning of the 20th century. Martínez Saldise (1855-1937), honorary member of Paediatric Society of Madrid in 1927]. / La medicina rural a principios de siglo XX. A propósito de Martínez Saldise (1855-1937), socio de honor de la Sociedad de Pediatría de Madrid en 1927.

INTRODUCTION: On the centenary of the foundation of the Paediatrics Society of Madrid, a tribute is presented to rural medical practice of that time, although there are few documents on the history of rural medicine. The main objective is to describe the context of the rural medical practice in the late 19th and beginning 20th century, while presenting a historical biographical review of Manuel Martínez Saldise, who was medical specialist from Cazalegas (Toledo). He was appointed an Honorary Member by the Paediatrics Society of Madrid in 1927. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search was carried out in repositories of digitized media, web portals of history of medicine, PubMed, IME files of local councils and medical colleges. The family archives were reviewed with the collaboration of his descendants. RESULTS: The hiring of rural doctors was carried out by the municipalities, and the salary largely depended on private practice as well as "retainers". Specialist physicians took part in epidemics, legal medicine, and in hygiene measures. They also had disputes with mayors, chiefs, with colleagues and with protectionism. A summary of the biography and occupational activity of Manuel Martínez Saldise is presented. COMMENTS: Rural doctors were subjected to the society of their time, with the issues that arose, denouncing the shortcomings of the local administrations, dedicated efforts to their family and the most disadvantaged.

II National Congress of Paediatrics: The fight against child mortality.

In the present work, we present an overview of the contents of the communications presented at the Second National Congress of Paediatrics, held in San Sebastian in 1923, on the occasion of the 100th year anniversary. The problem of infant mortality stands out as a common thread, which in those years was very high in Spain and was a concern of politicians, intellectuals and the medical profession. It is worth noting that some of the proposals and concerns of the paediatricians who attended that congress continue to be relevant today.

[On the 50th anniversary of Anales de Pediatría, official publication of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics]. / En los 50 años de Anales de Pediatría, publicación oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría.

The 50th Anniversary of Anales de Pediatría is a good time for the celebration of events and tributes, and also for critical thought. Anales de Pediatría is the official publication of scientific expression of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (AEP). It has been published continuously since October 1968. Anales has contributed so much to the narrative of the advances in Spanish paediatrics, as well as the AEP. Throughout its 50 years of history, the editorial teams of the journal have worked to streamline its management, improve the quality of the content, and to ensure its dissemination and national-international visibility. From 1968 to 1972, Anales was published as a Journal-bulletin. From 1977 until 2000, presence of original articles. Since the year 2000, continuous modernisation and recognition with international journals of prestige, indexing in SCI-JCR, impact from 2009, electronic management of manuscripts, Spanish/English from the 2014 Edition. The evolution of the journal is reviewed in this article. With this, the AEP history committee wants to collaborate in a greater understanding of the development of Spanish paediatrics, as well as to present the history of Anales to its authors and readers. The History committee proposes that a small percentage of space is destined for the humanities and to the humanisation of paediatrics. Best information will ensure the best care for children and also for paediatricians.