Clinical oral profile of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: This work aims to describe oral health conditions, eating habits, and oral hygiene in pediatric and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis and correlate them with the severity of the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). Also, we aim to estimate the effect of several variables on the diagnosis of dental caries in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 92 children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis had their oral cavities examined. The effect of independent variables on the diagnosis of dental caries (outcome) was assessed using multiple binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: Mild patients presented higher score of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in permanent dentition than moderate patients (p = 0.040). In the multivariable regression final model, the covariates using inhaled corticoid (OR = 6.4; p = 0.003), type of teething [deciduous dentition (OR = 7.9; p = 0.027) and mixed dentition (OR = 10.5; p = 0.007)], and brushing quality [poor mechanical control (OR = 10.6; p < 0.0001)] demonstrated significant direct effect on the diagnosis of dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the presence of dental biofilm, use of inhaled corticoid, and type of teething are related to the presence of caries in atopic dermatitis patients.

High incidence of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Brazilian children with Atopic Dermatitis and associated risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in Atopic Dermatitis (AD) patients can contribute to worsening their clinical condition. OBJECTIVE: A cohort study was carried out to determine the incidence of MRSA acquisition and its risk factors in AD children. METHODS: Patients with AD (2 months-14 years old) were followed up for about 1 year at a reference center for AD treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from September 2011 to February 2014. Nasal swabs from patients and contacts were collected every 2 months. The SCORAD system assessed the severity of the AD. S. aureus isolates were evaluated to determine the methicillin resistance and the clonal lineages. RESULTS: Among 117 AD patients, 97 (82.9%) were already colonized with S. aureus and 26 (22.2%) had MRSA at the first evaluation. The incidence of MRSA acquisition in the cohort study was 27.47% (n = 25). The SCORAD assessments were: mild (46.15%), moderate (37.36%) or severe (16.48%). Risk factors were: colonized MRSA contacts (HR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.16-7.54), use of cyclosporine (HR = 5.84; 95% CI: 1.70-19.98), moderate or severe AD (HR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.13-9.37). Protective factors were: availability of running water (HR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.049-0.96) and use of antihistamines (HR = 0.21; 95% IC: 0.64-0.75). MRSA isolates carried the SCCmec type IV and most of them were typed as USA800/ST5. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of MRSA acquisition found among AD patients and the risk factors associated show that an effective surveillance of MRSA colonization in these patients is needed.

Immune allergic response in Asperger syndrome.

Asperger's syndrome is a subgroup of autism characterized by social deficits without language delay, and high cognitive performance. The biological nature of autism is still unknown but there are controversial evidence associating an immune imbalance and autism. Clinical findings, including atopic family history, serum IgE levels as well as cutaneous tests showed that incidence of atopy was higher in the Asperger group compared to the healthy controls. These findings suggest that atopy is frequent in this subgroup of autism implying that allergic inflammation might be an important feature in Asperger syndrome.

Anafilaxia: guia prático para o manejo / Anaphylaxis: practical guide for management

Anafilaxia representa uma das mais dramáticas condições clínicas de emergência médica. Tanto pela imprevisibilidade de aparecimento como pelo potencial de gravidade, anafilaxia determina imenso impacto na qualidade de vida das pessoas afetadas, dos seus familiares e circunstantes. O estudo e a avaliação de casos de anafilaxia sempre foi preocupação da especialidade de Imunoalergologia. No dia a dia dos ambulatórios de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica são vistas regularmente pessoas que sofreram reações alérgicas agudas graves e que necessitam de orientação especializada. Não é raro observar-se que algumas sofreram reações repetidas sem receber a orientação de procurar atendimento especializado. Cada crise representa risco, que é variável dependendo das características do paciente e do agente desencadeante. Afalta de informação adequada contribui para aumentar a chance de novas ocorrências. O Manejo prático da anafilaxia tem o objetivo de disseminar o conhecimento sobre anafilaxia entre médicos e profissionais da saúde, pacientes e familiares, escolas e professores, assim como, autoridades de saúde pública. Este documento não é um protocolo de atendimento a pacientes com reações anafiláticas, nem pretende formular rotinas clínicas. Nele está contido de forma concisa o conhecimento atual sobre o tema e a experiência pessoal de especialistas no manejo dessas situações. Aborda-se o diagnóstico e tratamento emergencial, assim como, a avaliação e tratamento pós-crise. Cuidados básicos e atitudes preventivas são também consideradas