Contextual factors and G6PD diagnostic testing: a scoping review and evidence and gap map.

BACKGROUND: Testing for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an important consideration regarding treatment for malaria. G6PD deficiency may lead to haemolytic anaemia during malaria treatment and, therefore, determining G6PD deficiency in malaria treatment strategies is extremely important. METHODS: This report presents the results of a scoping review and evidence and gap map for consideration by the Guideline Development Group for G6PD near patient tests to support radical cure of Plasmodium vivax. This scoping review has investigated common diagnostic tests for G6PD deficiency and important contextual and additional factors for decision-making. These factors include six of the considerations recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) handbook for guideline development as important to determining the direction and strength of a recommendation, and included 'acceptability', 'feasibility,' 'equity,' 'valuation of outcomes,' 'gender' and 'human rights'. The aim of this scoping review is to inform the direction of future systematic reviews and evidence syntheses, which can then better inform the development of WHO recommendations regarding the use of G6PD deficiency testing as part of malaria treatment strategies. RESULTS: A comprehensive search was performed, including published, peer-reviewed literature for any article, of any study design and methodology that investigated G6PD diagnostic tests and the factors of 'acceptability', 'feasibility,' 'equity,' 'valuation of outcomes,' 'gender' and 'human rights'. There were 1152 studies identified from the search, of which 14 were determined to be eligible for inclusion into this review. The studies contained data from over 21 unique countries that had considered G6PD diagnostic testing as part of a malaria treatment strategy. The relationship between contextual and additional factors, diagnostic tests for G6PD deficiency and study methodology is presented in an overall evidence and gap, which showed that majority of the evidence was for the contextual factors for diagnostic tests, and the 'Standard G6PD (SD Biosensor)' test. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review has produced a dynamic evidence and gap map that is reactive to emerging evidence within the field of G6PD diagnostic testing. The evidence and gap map has provided a comprehensive depiction of all the available literature that address the contextual and additional factors important for decision-making, regarding specific G6PD diagnostic tests. The majority of data available investigating the contextual factors of interest relates to quantitative G6PD diagnostic tests. While a formal qualitative synthesis of this data as part of a systematic review is possible, the data may be too heterogenous for this to be appropriate. These results can now be used to inform future direction of WHO Guideline Development Groups for G6PD near patient tests to support radical cure of P. vivax malaria.

Facilitators of and Barriers to Caregiver Adherence to Home Therapy Recommendations for Infants and Children With Neuromotor and Neuromuscular Diagnoses: A Scoping Review.

IMPORTANCE: Caregiver-performed home therapy programs are essential to occupational therapy intervention for infants and children with neuromotor and neuromuscular diagnoses. Factors that facilitate or are barriers to caregiver adherence when making home therapy recommendations should be considered. OBJECTIVE: To identify facilitators of and barriers to caregiver adherence to home therapy recommendations for children with neuromotor and neuromuscular disorders. METHOD: The review followed the five-step methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. DATA SOURCES: Searches with no language or date range limits were performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, and SocINDEX on the EBSCO platform, and Scopus on the Elsevier platform from database inception through January 24, 2023. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION: Study inclusion criteria included caregiver adherence to home therapy recommendations for children with neuromotor and neuromuscular diagnoses. Eight hundred seventy-five articles underwent title and abstract screening; 64 articles met the criteria for full review. FINDINGS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Four used qualitative measures, 7 used quantitative measures, and 1 used mixed methods. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed four facilitators: routine, efficacy of caregiver education, positive relationship with therapist, and perceived benefit of treatment. The analysis revealed three barriers: lack of time, lack of confidence, and caregiver stress. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The facilitators and barriers identified are central to best-practice occupational therapy. Therapists can use expertise in analyzing routines and context to maximize the fit between family needs and home therapy recommendations. Plain-Language Summary: Home therapy for children with a neuromotor and neuromuscular diagnosis is common and uses some form of caregiver-performed movement activities or techniques. To support caregivers, occupational therapists need to understand what factors facilitate or serve as barriers to following home therapy recommendations. The review found three barriers: lack of time, lack of confidence, and caregiver stress. The review provides strategies to support home therapy based on core principles of occupational therapy practice. It also identifies the need for more research to support home therapy recommendations that fit within the child's and family's routine, that can be taught in a way that meets the child's and family's learning needs, that facilitate self-efficacy and confidence, and that reflect the values and motivators of all participants.

Video Modeling to Support Social Communication Goals of Autistic Adults: A Tutorial.

PURPOSE: Decades of research have shown video modeling to be an effective tool for teaching and supporting a variety of skills in autistic children. More recently, video modeling has emerged as an effective support for autistic adults, with much of the literature focused on vocational success through support of language skills. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide speech-language pathologists, autistic adults, and other team members with evidence-based guidelines for use of video modeling to support success with social communication across settings. METHOD: This evidence-based tutorial draws from the literature on video modeling for autistic adults in the area of social communication, presenting empirically supported guidelines for speech-language pathologists considering video modeling as a tool to support social communication within this population and their interaction partners. This tutorial presents an evidence-based, step-by-step guide to the planning, creation, and use of video models with and by autistic adults, along with important additional considerations based on relevant literature. CONCLUSIONS: Video modeling is a social communication support that is backed by the scientific literature as an efficacious tool for use by autistic adults. This tutorial will guide speech-language pathologists' use of this evidence-based tool as they work alongside autistic adults and others to help meet social communication goals across settings.

Contextual factors related to vector-control interventions for malaria: a scoping review and evidence and gap map protocol.

Objective: This scoping review will identify existing literature regarding contextual factors relevant to vector-control interventions to prevent malaria. We will use the findings of the scoping review to produce an interactive evidence and gap map. The map will assist in the priority setting, development, and conduct of targeted systematic reviews. These systematic reviews seek to assist the Vector Control and Insecticide Resistance Unit of the World Health Organization's Global Malaria Programme by informing recommendation development by their Guidelines Development Group. Introduction: Malaria contributes substantially to the global burden of disease, with an estimated 247 million cases and 619,000 deaths in 2021. Vector-control is key in reducing malaria transmission. Vector-control interventions directly target the mosquito, reducing the potential for parasite infections. These interventions commonly include insecticides used in indoor residual spraying or insecticide-treated nets and larval source management. Several new vector-control interventions are under evaluation to complement these. In addition to estimating the effects of interventions on health outcomes, it is critical to understand how populations at risk of malaria consider them in terms of their feasibility, acceptability, and values. Inclusion Criteria: Eligible studies will have assessed the contextual factors of feasibility or acceptability of the interventions of interest, or the valuation of the outcomes of interests. These assessments will be from the perspective of people who receive (residents) or deliver (workers or technicians) the vector-control intervention for the purpose of preventing malaria. Methods: We will conduct this scoping review in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and report in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We will construct the evidence and gap map following guidance from the Campbell Collaboration.

First Nations Peoples' perceptions, knowledge and beliefs regarding stillbirth prevention and bereavement practices: A mixed methods systematic review.

BACKGROUND: First Nations Peoples endure disproportionate rates of stillbirth compared with non-First Nations Peoples. Previous interventions have aimed at reducing stillbirth in First Nations Peoples and providing better bereavement care without necessarily understanding the perceptions, knowledge and beliefs that could influence the design of the intervention and implementation. AIM: The aim of this review was to understand the perceptions, knowledge and beliefs about stillbirth prevention and bereavement of First Nations Peoples from the US, Canada, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Australia. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for a convergent integrated mixed method systematic review. This review was overseen by an advisory board of Aboriginal Elders, researchers, and clinicians. A search of eight databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, Dissertations and Theses and Indigenous Health InfoNet) and grey literature was conducted. All studies were screened, extracted, and appraised for quality by two reviewers and results were categorised, and narratively summarised. RESULTS: Ten studies were included within this review. Their findings were summarised into four categories: safeguarding baby, traditional practices of birthing and grieving, bereavement photography and post-mortem examination. The results indicate a diversity of perceptions, knowledge and beliefs primarily around smoking cessation and bereavement practices after stillbirth. However, there was a paucity of research available. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to understand the perceptions, knowledge and beliefs about stillbirth among First Nations Peoples. Without research within this area, interventions to prevent stillbirth and support bereaved parents and their communities after stillbirth may face barriers to implementation.