Advances in white light-emitting organic crystals.

In past decades, organic crystals have presented considerable potential in the field of optoelectronics due to their rich tunable physical and chemical properties and excellent optoelectronic characteristics. White-light emission, as a special application, has received widespread attention and has been applied in various fields, generating significant interest in the scientific community. By preparing white light-emitting organic crystals, a series of applications for future white-light sources can be realized. This article reviews the research progress on the molecular design and synthesis, preparation, and application of white light-emitting organic crystals in recent years. We hope that this review will help to understand and facilitate the development of white light-emitting organic crystals.

Removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in sulfate-reducing flocculent and granular sludge systems.

This study investigated sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal and fate in sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed (SRUSB) reactors inoculated with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) granules and flocs. The resilience of SRB granules and flocs against varying pHs and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) was also examined. SRB granules and flocs efficiently removed SMX from wastewater, which was significantly higher than the aerobic sludge. SRB granules achieved significantly (p < 0.05) higher SMX removal (∼13.3 µg/g suspended solids (SS)-d) than the SRB flocs (∼11.2 µg/g SS-d) during 150-day of SRUSB reactors operation. The SMX removal by both granules and flocs was mainly attributed to biodegradation. Sorption also contributed to SMX removal, in which aromatic protein-like substances of extracellular polymeric substances played important role in SMX removal. In addition, SRB granules showed higher resilience than SRB flocs against varying pHs and HRTs. Thus, SRB-mediated biological process, especially SRB granules, could be a promising biotechnology to remove SMX from wastewaters.