[Correlation of Mycoplasma genitalium infection with semen parameters and sperm DNA integrity in male infertility patients].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection with routine semen parameters and sperm DNA integrity in male infertility patients. METHODS: Totally, 114 semen samples, 34 MG-positive and 80 MG-negative, were collected from male infertility patients and subjected to routine semen analysis with the computer-assisted sperm analysis system, Papanicolaou staining for observation of sperm morphology, and sperm chromatin diffusion (SCD) test for detection of sperm DNA integrity. Semen parameters and DNA integrity were compared between the MG-positive and MG-negative groups with SPSS 21.0 statistical software and the relationship between the semen parameters and DNA integrity analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: The MG-positive samples, compared with the MG-negative ones, showed significantly decreased semen volume (ï¼»2.87 ± 0.37ï¼½ vs ï¼»3.86 ± 0.43ï¼½ ml, P < 0.01), sperm concentration (ï¼»29.05 ± 6.17ï¼½ vs ï¼»32.56 ± 5.97ï¼½ ×106/ml, P < 0.01), and percentages of progressively motile sperm (PMS) (ï¼»15.86 ± 2.79ï¼½% vs ï¼»23.65 ± 3.47ï¼½%, P < 0.01) and morphologically normal sperm (MNS) (ï¼»6.35 ± 2.06ï¼½% vs ï¼»7.14 ± 1.89ï¼½%, P < 0.05), increased proportions of non-halo sperm (ï¼»15.02 ± 3.52ï¼½% vs ï¼»9.72 ± 2.94ï¼½%, P <0.01) and small-halo sperm (ï¼»16.37 ± 5.26ï¼½% vs ï¼»11.07 ± 1.65ï¼½%, P < 0.01) and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) (ï¼»31.39 ± 3.16ï¼½% vs ï¼»20.79 ± 3.59ï¼½%, P < 0.01), and reduced proportion of large-halo sperm (ï¼»54.75 ± 8.74ï¼½% vs ï¼»64.15 ± 9.76ï¼½%, P < 0.01). DFI was negatively correlated with the percentages of PMS (r = －0.516, P < 0.05) and MNS (r = －0.429, P < 0.05) in the MG-positive group, but not correlated with any of the routine semen parameters in the MG-negative patients (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MG infection may be an important factor affecting sperm quality in male infertility patients. Active prevention and treatment of MG infection can help prevent male infertility.

Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 promotes cell proliferation and invasion through regulating Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common urologic malignancy. Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) has been suggested as serving pivotal roles in tumorigenesis. However, the clinical significance and biological role of CCAT2 in ccRCC remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to identify the function of CCAT2 in ccRCC and its possible molecular mechanism. Expression of CCAT2 was analyzed in 61 ccRCC tissues and two ccRCC cell lines (786-O and ACHN) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The functional roles of CCAT2 in ccRCC were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometric analysis. The influence of CCAT2 on tumorigenesis was monitored by in vivo mice xenograft model. The activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway was evaluated by the TOP/FOP Wnt luciferase reporter assay and western blot assay. CCAT2 expression was markedly higher in ccRCC cell lines and tissues, being positively associated with tumor size and tumor stage in ccRCC patients. Patients with higher CCAT2 expression had a markedly poorer overall survival than did patients with low CCAT2 expression. Knocking down CCAT2 expression led to reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis of ccRCC cells in vitro as well as the activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, and CCAT2 overexpression remarkably enhanced these oncogenic properties. In vivo mice xenograft model also showed that knocking CCAT2 expression inhibited the growth of ccRCC xenografts. In conclusion, these results indicated that CCAT2 may play a critical role in ccRCC progression and will be further considered as a biomarker for predicting the survival of ccRCC patients and a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC intervention.

[Microscopic spermatic vein ligation for the treatment of varicocele].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of spermatic vein ligation under the microscope in the treatment of varicocele (VC). METHODS: A total of 120 VC patients received in our department from September 2011 to February 2015 were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group of equal number, the former treated by microscopic spermatic vein ligation and the latter by conventional open high ligation. Comparisons were made between the two groups of patients in the internal diameters of the spermatic vein during eupnea and Valsalva maneuver, the reflux time of the spermatic vein, blood flow parameters of the testicular artery, and semen quality before and at 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: At 3 months after surgery, the experimental group, as compared with the control, showed significantly decreased reflux time of the spermatic vein (ï¼»0.41 ± 0.10ï¼½ vs ï¼»1.08 ± 0.10ï¼½ s, P <0.05) and peak systolic velocity (9.26 ± 1.35 vs 10.64 ± 1.28, P <0.05) and resistance index (0.52 ± 0.03 vs 0.61 ± 0.03, P <0.05) of the testicular artery but markedly increased internal diameters of the spermatic vein during eupnea (ï¼»1.63 ± 0.07ï¼½ vs ï¼»1.59 ± 0.06ï¼½ mm, P <0.05) and Valsalva maneuver (ï¼»1.72 ± 0.05ï¼½ vs ï¼»1.68 ± 0.07ï¼½ mm, P <0.05), sperm concentration (ï¼»46.84 ± 5.24ï¼½ vs ï¼»35.35 ± 4.26ï¼½ ×106/ml, P <0.05), sperm motility (ï¼»63.75 ± 7.73ï¼½ vs ï¼»53.87 ± 6.46ï¼½ %, P <0.05), and total sperm count (ï¼»89.54 ± 7.95ï¼½ vs ï¼»75.24 ± 8.43ï¼½ ×106/ml, P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic spermatic vein ligation has a definite effect in the treatment of varicocele, which can significantly improve the testicular blood flow and semen quality of the patient.

[Effect of RUNX3 on the Expression of Smad4 in T24 Bladder Cancer Cell Line].

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of RUNX3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis and the expression level of Smad4 mRNA in the bladder cancer cell line of T24 by transfection with recombinant plasmid of pIRES-EGFP-RUNX3. METHODS: The recombinant plasmid of pIRES-EGFP-RUNX3 was constructed successfully. Cultured T24 cells were divided into three groups, including control group, empty vector group,and recombinant plasmid group. The cells in empty vector group and recombinant plasmid group were respectively transfected by pIRES-EGFP and pIRES-EGFP-RUNX3 The cells were harvested at 24 h after the transfection, the variation of cell morphology was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression level of RUNX3 and Smad4 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Cell death was observed in two transfection groups. At 24 h after transfection,the apoptosis rate was (3.23±0.45)% in control group, (8.98±1.62)% in empty vector group and (43.61±2.69)% in recombinant plasmid group. The expression level of RUNX3 mRNA was 2.79±0.36,detected only in recombinant plasmid group, which was significantly up-regulated compared with the other two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of Smad4 mRNA was up-regulated by transfection with pIRES-EGFP-RUNX3,which also inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis.The tumor suppressor gene of RUNX3 could regulate the bladder cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway.

Impact of serum vitamin D level on risk of bladder cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Vitamin D has important biological functions including modulation of the immune system and anti-cancer effects. There was no conclusive finding of the impact of serum vitamin D level on bladder cancer risk. A systemic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level on bladder cancer risk. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used to assess the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level on bladder cancer risk. A total of 89,610 participants and 2238 bladder cancer cases were finally included into the meta-analysis. There was no obvious heterogeneity among those included studies (I(2) = 0%). Meta-analysis total included studies which showed that a high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level could obviously decrease risk of bladder cancer (RR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.65-0.87, P < 0.001). In addition, the pooled RRs were not significantly changed by excluding any single study. The findings from the meta-analysis suggest an obvious protective effect of vitamin D against bladder cancer. Individuals with higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels suffer from less risk of subsequent bladder cancer.

[Down-regulation effect of TGF-beta1 on expression of VEGF in bladder cancer cell line].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the down-regulation effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bladder cancer cell line EJ cell strain. METHODS: The siRNA expression vectors of TGF-beta1, gene were constructed, the highest inhibition target sequence was screened and selected by real time-PCR and ELISA, and then the vectors were transfected into EJ cells, the expression level of VEGF mRNA was detected by Real time-PCR. RESULTS: TGF-beta1 targeting expression vectors were successfully constructed, Real time-PCR and ELISA screened the highest inhibition target sequence (the lowest expression level of TGF-beta1 mRNA was 0.92 +/- 0.19; ELISA result was 50.08 +/- 5.85). The relative expression level of VEGF mRNA in TGF-beta1 siRNA group was the lowest, indicating that the expression of VEGF was decreased by silencing TGF-beta1, gene. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of TGF-beta1 gene expression could down regulate the expression of VEGF in bladder neoplasm.

Treatment for overactive bladder: A meta-analysis of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation.

BACKGROUND: We aim to compare the safety and effectiveness of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in treating overactive bladder. METHODS: A systematical search on PubMed, Embase, clinicalTrial.gov, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1, 1999 to November 1, 2020 was performed. The primary outcomes were the changes in a 3-day voiding diary. Quality of life scores were also evaluated. Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) was applied to conduct all statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 4 trials (2 randomized controlled trials, 1 retrospective study, and 1 before-after study) with 142 patients were eventually enrolled. Compared with PTNS, TTNS had a similar performance in the voiding frequency in 24 hours (mean difference [MD] = -0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.35 to 0.05, P = .07), the number of urgency episodes in 24 hours (MD = 0.13, 95% CI: -0.36 to 0.62, P = .60), the number of incontinence episodes in 24 hours (MD = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.14, P = .93), as well as in the nocturia frequency (MD = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.52 to 0.24, P = .47). Moreover, comparable results were observed regarding HRQL scores (P = .23) and incontinence quality of life scores (P = .10) in both groups. The total complication rate in the current study was 2.1% (3/142). No adverse events were identified in the TTNS group. CONCLUSION: Current data supported that TTNS is as effective as PTNS for the treatment of overactive bladder, moreover, with no reported adverse events. However, the evidence is low-grade and well-designed prospective studies with a large sample size are warranted to verify our findings.

[Dissection of prostate coalesce in treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy with relatively small volume].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect of dissection for coalesce of prostate in treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) caused by benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) with relatively small volume (less than 30 g). METHODS: Thirty-six patients of BOO caused by BPH with relatively small volume underwent dissection of prostate coalesce. Follow-up was conducted for 32 months (9 - 52 months). The values of international prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual volume (PRV) before and after treatment were measured and compared. RESULTS: The post-operative IPSS was 5.03 +/- 2.66, significantly lower than that before operation (14.19 +/- 5.35), the post-operative Qmax was (17.71 +/- 4.1) ml/s, significantly higher than that before operation [(6.19 +/- 2.14) ml/s], and the post-operative PRV was (8.53 +/- 4.78) ml, significantly lower than that before operation [(50.58 +/- 14.84) ml] (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dissection of prostate coalesce is an ideal method in treatment of BOO caused by BPH with relatively small volume (less than 30 g).

[Qingrelishi-category Chinese medicine for chronic prostatitis: a systematic review].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Qingrelishi-category Chinese medicine (for dispelling heat and resolving dampness) in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. METHODS: Randomized clinical trials or controlled clinical trials comparing Qingrelishi with plant america, other herbal medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of chronic prostatitis were identified by electronic and manual retrieval and analysis. The methodological quality of the included trials was assessed and Meta-analysis was performed with Revman 4. 2 software. RESULTS: Forty-four randomized clinical trials or controlled clinical trials (n=5746) were identified. The methodological quality ranked high in three double-blind trials and the others ranked low. Meta-analysis indicated that Qingrelishi was more effective than Nankangpian( RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35) and Prostate( RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.41) in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. Subgroup analysis revealed that Qingrelishi was more effective than Qianliekang (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.45) and quinolones antibiotic (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.15-1.57). There were no significant differences in efficacy either between Qingrelishi and a-receptor blocker and Puleanpian or between Qingrelishi plus quinolone antibiotics and quinolone antibiotics alone. Eighteen articles reported side effects and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Qingrelishi may be effective in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. However, the evidence is not strong due to the generally low methodological quality and the variations of the herbs. More randomized clinical trials are required.

[A multi-center clinical trial of Qianlieantong tablets for chronic prostatitis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and safety of Qianlieantong Tablets in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. METHODS: A multi-center, self-controlled open clinical trial was conducted. A total of 280 subjects with chronic prostatitis were enrolled and treated by Qianlieantong Tablets, 3 times a day, 5 tablets each time. Before and after 2 and 4 weeks after the administration, NIH-CPSI scores and white blood cell counts in the prostate secretion were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 273 subjects evaluated, the rates of excellence, effectiveness and ineffectiveness were 35.2% (n = 96), 47.6% (n = 130) and 17.2% (n = 47), respectively, with a total effectiveness rate of 82.8%. After 4 weeks'medication, the scores of the subjects on NIH-CPSI pain, voiding and quality of life and white blood cell counts in prostate secretion were significantly decreased compared with pre-treatment (P < 0.01). No adverse events or laboratory abnormality related to the medication were observed. CONCLUSION: Qianlieantong Tablets has a significant effect on chronic prostatitis with high safety, particularly indicated in chronic prostatitis with pelvic pain.

Spontaneous rupture of adult Wilms' tumor: A case report and review of the literature.

Wilms' tumour is rare in adults, and spontaneous rupture with retroperitoneal hemorrhage as the presenting sign of renal tumour is also uncommon. We present a case of a 20-year-old woman with spontaneous rupture of Wilms' tumour by describing the course of diagnosis and treatment. The patient underwent an open left radical nephrectomy, and was treated with 18 weeks of adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine and actinomycin D. The follow-up of 12 months demonstrated no recurrence. We also reviewed the limited number of related reports. These suggest that the preoperative diagnosis of adult Wilms' tumour is very difficult, and radical nephrectomy and postoperative comprehensive therapy are equally important in the treatment of these patients. Factors of prognosis for adults with Wilms' tumour include tumour stage, histopathology, and time and type of therapy.

Long-term urodynamic evaluation of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder for bladder cancer.

The long-term urodynamics of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder for bladder cancer remain unclear in the clinical setting. The present prospective observational study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2012 to evaluate the 6-month and 12-month follow-up data of urodynamic changes of bladder cancer patients who were initially treated by laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder. A total of 53 eligible patients were included, and all patients were followed up for at least 12 months, with a median time of 18 months. During the follow-up period, no patients reported difficulty urinating, and the daily frequency of urination and the urine output were gradually improved with time. Dynamic urodynamic examinations showed that the maximum flow rate (11.4±1.1 vs. 7.3±1.4 ml/sec; P<0.001), residual urine content (22.8±10.5 vs. 40.7±12.7 ml; P<0.001), maximum bladder capacity (373.8±62.2 vs. 229.7±56.3 ml; P<0.001) and maximum bladder pressure during filling (35.8±6.7 vs. 26.4±7.0 cm H2O; P<0.001) at 12 months were all improved significantly compared with that at 6 months after the initial surgical treatment. However, there were no significant differences in maximum bladder pressure during voiding (75.7±24.7 vs. 73.1±24.7 cm H2O; P=0.618) and bladder compliance (26.9±13 vs. 27.4±13.1 cm H2O; P=0.848) at 12 and 6 months after initial surgical treatment. In conclusion, the urodynamics of this orthotopic ileal neobladder gradually improve, and its long-term urine storage and voiding functions are acceptable.

Effects of TRPC6 on invasibility of low-differentiated prostate cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of TRPC6 among prostate cancer cells, establish high expression cell lines of TRPC6, and to provide potential cell mode for prostate cancer oncogenesis and development. METHODS: Occurrence and development of prostate cancer cells, PC3, PC-3 m DU145, 22 rv1, LNCaP and normal prostate epithelial cells in the PrEC TRPC6 expression level were detected by QPCR method. Calcium phosphate transfection method was used to package retrovirus pLEGFP-N1-TRPC6 and pLEGFP-N1-vector and infect the prostate cancer cells, a stable high expression of TRPC6 prostate cancer cells. Sable cell lines of TRPC6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9 expression was detected by QPCR and Western blot. Change of cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell. RESULTS: The expression level of prostate cancer cells TRPC6 were higher than control group PrEC cells. Among TPRC6 the expression of cell line PC 3 transfer potential wre the lowest, and high transfer cell line PC-3M express was the highest. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot results showed that after filter, the seventh generation of cell TRPC6 protein and mRNA expression levels were higher than the control group obviously. Transwell experimental results showed that the overexpression of TRPC6 could promote the invasion ability of PC3 prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: TRPC6 expressed in prostate cancer cells is in disorder, and its action may be associated with the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer cells; successful establishment of stable high expression of TRPC6 prostate cancer cells primarily confirm the invasion-trigger ability of TRPC6 on prostate cancer, and lay down the Foundation for exploring the TRPC6's role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer mechanism.