RESUMO
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia huayllabambana) oil is a food matrix that contains more than 80 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic and α-linolenic acids. The objective of this study was to develop blends of sacha inchi oil (P. huayllabambana) enriched with aguaje oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) and evaluate the induction period, total carotenoid content, nutritional quality indices and oxidative stability from the fatty acid composition. The analytical tests were conducted for oil blends that had the following proportions: sacha inchi oil enriched with aguaje oil at 5, 10 and 20 %. The results prove that the enrichment of sacha inchi oil with aguaje oil (SIO-PH-AO) leads to an improvement in oxidative stability and nutritional and physical properties. For example, the oxidative stability index (OSI) varied from 0.87 to 2.53 h. The content of total carotenoids produces an increase from 0.35 to 99.90 mg/kg, while total polyphenols from 47.45 to 126.90 mg GAE/g, and chroma from 39.91 to 69.02 units. Regarding the fatty acid profile, the oxidizability value improves with the addition of aguaje oil. Reduces levels of PUFA, PUFA/SFA, and hypo-and hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H). Additionally, an increase in SFA and MUFA levels, while the ω6/ω3 ratio remained constant. Finally, it can be noted that the enrichment of sacha inchi oil with aguaje oil (rich in carotenoids) provides better stability and can be used for commercial applications as a mechanism to establish new vegetable oils with better properties.
Assuntos
Carotenoides , Oxirredução , Óleos de Plantas , Carotenoides/análise , Carotenoides/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Valor Nutritivo , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análiseRESUMO
Sacha inchi seed oil is a food matrix rich in bioactive constituents, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the characteristics of color, carotenoid content, tocopherols, and volatile aroma compounds in eight sacha inchi seed (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil accessions were evaluated. Results showed that the oil obtained from the accessions presented a lightness and chroma of 91 to 98 units and 6 to 10 units respectively, while the hue angle ranged between 93 to 97 units. The total carotenoid content in the different accessions ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 mg/kg, while γ- and δ-tocopherol ranged from 861.6 to 1142 mg/kg and 587 to 717.1 mg/kg. In addition, the total content of tocopherols varied between 1450 and 1856 mg/kg and the δ/γ ratio ranged between 0.58 and 0.70. The oils from the accessions PER000408 (861 µg/kg) and PER000411 (896 µg/kg) were those with the higher volatile concentration, especially 1-hepten-3-ol, 2-nonanol, (E)-3-hexen- 1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol. In this study, the variability of the oil obtained from 8 accessions were observed, from which promising accessions can be selected for continuous investigations of the new sacha inchi seed genotypes.
Assuntos
Carotenoides , Óleos de Plantas , Sementes , Tocoferóis , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Carotenoides/análise , Tocoferóis/análise , Sementes/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Óleos de Plantas/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Brassicaceae/químicaRESUMO
Cocoa pod husk (CPH) and cocoa bean shell (CBS) are by-products obtained during pre-processing and processing of cocoa beans. Several bioactive compounds have been identified in these by-products that can be used for commercial applications as a way to promote the circular economy. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to recover bioactive compounds from CPH and CBS by sonoextraction process, to determine the type, content, and antioxidant activity in optimized extracts. To achieve our purpose, an optimization strategy using Box-Behnken Design coupled response surface methodology (MRS) was applied. The extraction conditions were optimized. The results obtained for CBS were: TPC (193 mg GAE/g), TEAC (1.02 mmol TE/g), FRAP (1.02 mmol FeSO4/g) and ORAC (2.6 mmol TE/g), while for CPH, the reported values were: TPC (48 mg GAE/g), TEAC (0.30 mmol TE/g), FRAP (0.35 mmol FeSO4/g) and ORAC (0.43 mmol TE/g) under the optimized conditions: Time (XA): 15 min, Amplitude (XB): 80 %, Ethanol (XC): 50 %. The LC-ESI-qTOF-MS analysis results allowed the identification of 79 compounds, of which 39 represent the CBS extract, while 40 compounds were identified in CPH extract. To conclude, sonotrode based extraction could be considered as an efficient and fast alternative for the recovery of bioactive substances from CBS and CPH.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Cacau , Fracionamento Químico , Extratos Vegetais , Cacau/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Ondas UltrassônicasRESUMO
Recently, fish consumption has been increasing; subsequently, the number of by-products has also increased. However, generated residues are frequently discarded, and an appropriate management is necessary to properly use all fish by-products. Fishery by-products are well known for their content of bioactive compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, peptides, enzymes, gelatin, collagen, and chitin. Several studies have reported that fishery by-products could provide significant properties, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiobesity. Consequently, fish discards are of considerable interest to different industrial sectors, including food, nutraceuticals, medical, and pharmacology. In the food industry, the interest in using fishery by-products is focused on hydrolysates as food additives, collagen and gelatin as protein sources, chitin and chitosan to form edible films to protect food during storage, and oils as a source of Omega-3 and useful as antioxidants. Although different studies reported good results with the use of these by-products, identifying new applications in the food sector, as well as industrial applications, remains necessary.
RESUMO
Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) es un grano andino que está ganando interés como alternativas nutritivas sin gluten frente a los cereales convencionales de cara a las personas con trastornos relacionados al gluten. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue elaborar un pan libre de gluten a base harina de cañihua y evaluar su aceptabilidad sensorial. Se propusieron y elaboraron tres formulaciones en las que se variaron los porcentajes de harina de cañihua (7,6% 9,5% y 8,3%), almidón de yuca, (19%, 21% y 15,4%), suero de leche (3,8%) y goma xantán (0,6 y 1,2%). La formulación que contenía harina de cañihua (8,3%), almidón de yuca (15,4%), y goma xantán (1,2%) fue el que presentó mayor aceptabilidad (HC83). La composición proximal del pan de Cañihua mostró un contenido de proteínas (11,2%), grasa (11,2%) y fibra dietaría (4,74%). La evaluación sensorial por los consumidores celiacos mostró una aceptabilidad general de 4,6/5 puntos sobre la escala hedónica con una puntuación "me gusta mucho". En conclusión la harina de cañihua es un recurso adecuado y aceptable para los consumidores celiacos y puede utilizarse para la producción de panes.
Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a naturally gluten-free Andean grain that is gaining interest as a nutritious alternative to conventional cereals for people with gluten-related disorders. The objective of the present investigation was to elaborate a gluten-free bread formulation containing cañihua flour and evaluate its sensory acceptability. Three formulations were proposed that contained: cañihua flour (7.6% 9.5% and 8.3%), cassava starch (19%, 21% and 15.4%), whey (3.8%) and xanthan gum (0.6 and 1.2%). The results showed that the formulation containing cañihua flour (8.3%), cassava starch (15.4%) and xanthan gum (1.2%) obtained a satisfactory acceptability (HC83). The proximal analysis showed a protein content (11.2%), fat (11.2%), and dietary fiber (4.74%). The sensory evaluation by celiac consumers showed a general acceptability of 4.6/5 points on the hedonic scale with a score "I like it a lot". In conclusion, cañihua flour is a suitable source and acceptable for celiac consumers and can be used for the production of breads.
Assuntos
Pão/análise , Chenopodium/química , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Farinha , Paladar , Qualidade dos AlimentosRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de los polifenoles del vino tinto (variedad tannat) sobre el estado antioxidante y el estrés oxidativo en hipertensos. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado en 20 varones hipertensos, estadio I, entre 30 y 70 años, divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos; el primer grupo (n=10) ingirió vino por un mes y el grupo control (n=10) no ingirió vino. Se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas basales y a los 30 días. Se midieron enzimas antioxidantes: glutatión peroxidasa (GP), catalasa y superóxido dismutasa (SOD), estrés oxidativo por medición del malonildialdehído (MDA) sérico y el estado antioxidante total (TAS). Resultados. El vino tannat cotiene 134,08 mg/L de antocianincas, polifenoles totales: 1822,02 mg/L e inhibición de DPPH (CI 50%)=51 mg/ml. En los hipertensos, el consumo moderado de vino tinto aumentó el estado antioxidante (TAS) y la actividad de las enzimas SOD y GP. Conclusión. En hipertensos estado I, el vino tannat incrementó el estado antioxidante.
Objectives. To determine the effect of the polyphenols of red wine on the antioxidant status and oxidative stress on hypertensive patients. Material and methods. A prospective, randomized study was carried on in 20 volunteers hypertensive males, stage 1, between 30-70 year-old They were randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group (n=10) who consumed rd wine for one month, and the control group (n=10) who abstained from alcohol for one month. Blood samples were collected before and after wine consumption and were used for analysis of whole blodd glutathione (GP), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum total antioxidant status (TAS). Results. Tannat wine content was 134,08 mg/L of antocyanines, total polyphenols 1822,02 mg/L and antioxidant state DPPH inhibition 51 mg/ml (CI 50%). In the hypertensive group, moderate consumption of red wine patients increased the plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GP. Conclusion. In hypertensive persons, stage I, red wine consumption increased the antioxidant status.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Hipertensão , Polifenóis , Vinho , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Sacha inchi, es una euphorbiaceae conocida como maní del Inca. Se encuentra distribuida en el Perú, en San Martín, Huánuco, Amazonas, Madre de Dios y Loreto. Objetivo: determinar la actividad de los compuestos fenólicos de las semillas de sacha inchi y su rol en el color, conservación, sabor de los alimentos y bebidas. Material y Métodos: el presente estudio se realizó con semillas de sacha inchi colectadas en Tarapoto por el Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Extensión Agraria (INIA). En el Centro de Bioquímica y Nutrición de la Facultad de Medicina Humana de la USMP. La determinación de polifenoles totales según Aparicio et al. (1999), taninos totales descrito por Price y Butler (1977) y actividad antioxidante mediante el método ORAC descrito por Prior y Cao (2000). Además de la capacidad inhibición de peróxido de hidrógeno según Wettasinghe y Shahidi (1999).y su poder reductor según Srivastava et al. (2006). Se trabajó con el aceite y la torta, obteniándose de cada muestra extractos hidrofílicos y lipofílicos. Resultados: se encontró mayor contenido de polifenoles totales, taninos totales, mayor poder reductor, mayor capacidad de inhibir peróxido de hidrógeno y mayor capacidad antioxidante en el extracto hidrofílico de la torta. Conclusiones: el extracto hidrofílico de la torta de sacha inchi mostró mayor contenido de polifenoles totales y taninos con acción antioxidante.
Sacha inchi is a euphorbiaceae known as the Inca peanut that is found in Peru in San Martin, Hu nuco, Amazonas, Loreto and Madre de Dios. Objective: to determine the activity of the phenolic compounds of sacha inchi seeds and its role in the color, durability, taste of food and drink. Material and Methods: this study was performed with sacha inchi seeds collected in Tarapoto by the National Institute of Agricultural Research and Extension (INIA) in the Center of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Medicine USMP. The determination of total polyphenols was performed according to Aparicio et al. (1999), total tannins as described by Price and Butler (1977) and antioxidant activity by the ORAC method described by Prior and Cao (2000). Also, the ability to inhibit hydrogen peroxide according Wettasinghe and Shahidi (1999) and their reducing power by Srivastava et al. (2006). We worked with the oil and cake obtained of each sample obtaining hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts. Results: we found higher total polyphenol content, total tannins, higher reducing power, greater ability to inhibit hydrogen peroxide and increased antioxidant capacity in the hydrophilic extract of cake. Conclusions: cake hydrophilic extract of sacha inchi showed higher content of total polyphenols and tannins with antioxidant action.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Plantas Medicinais , Polifenóis , TaninosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of extraction systems on the anthocyanin index, antioxidant kinetics (DPPH-radical scavenging capacity) and color of purple corn (Zea mays) seeds. The factors studied were: extraction system (methanol, 100%, 80%, 60%, 40, 20% v/v) using hydrochloric acid as a means of acidifying. Tristimulus colorimetry was applied to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the process. The estimated effect and ANOVA parameters were calculated. The anthocyanins index (TAI) in different extraction systems was between 1.09 to 2.87 mg/g. The highest anthocyanin index was obtained at an extraction system of 100% methanol. To determine their radical scavenging capacity, the second-order rate constant for the oxidation of these extraction systems measured by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) method, ranged from 1.19x10-2 to 1.27x10-2 (mg/mL)-1(s-1). The greatest second-order rate constant was obtained at an extraction system of 60% methanol. Regarding the simple regressions analysis the anthocyanin index showed a better relationship with CIELAB parameters: (L*; r =-0.928, p < 0.05), (a*; r = 0.982, p < 0.01), (b*; r = 0.927, p < 0.05), (C*ab; r = 0.9793, p < 0.01) and (hab; r = -0.936, p < 0.05). However, the correlation existing between color parameters and the second-order rate constant did not show a good relationship. When multiple linear regression analysis were applied considering the angular coordinates (L*, C*ab, hab) as independent variable values, a R2 nearing 1 was obtained for anthocyanins index. While a value of R2 = 0.63 was obtained for the second-order rate constant.
Assuntos
Antocianinas , CinéticaRESUMO
El presente estudio analiza el contenido de macro y micronutrientes de alimentos provenientes de la región de Huánuco. Se evaluó el contenido de humedad, proteínas grasas, cenizas y carbohidratos según la AOAC, fibra según el método de la AOCS, se determinó ácido ascórbico por HPLC según el método modificado de Ramallo y col. Los minerales como el cobre, hierro y magnesio fueron evaluados según el método de la AOAC. Se analizaron por triplicado 18 alimentos: Carambola, Cocona con semilla, Cocona sin semilla, Aguaje, Zapote, Plátano Guayaquil, Pijuayo, Anona, Umari, Caimito, Huito, Sachamango, Pan de árbol, Ubos, Sachaculantro, Pituca, Sachapapa, Frijol ucayalino y frijol de palo. Se determinó mayor contenido de proteínas de Frijol ucayalino (18.98%), así como mayor contenido de cenizas (4.52%). Existe mayor contenido de grasas en Umari (21.95%). Asimismo, hay mayor contenido de fibra (23.735) y ácido ascórbico (48.8 mg/100g) en el Aguaje. En cuanto a minerales, presenta mayor contenido de cobre el Frijol de palo (1.75 mg/kg), hierro del Frejol ucayalino (5.16 mg/kg) y magnesio de zapote (137.07 mg/kg). El trabajo concluyó que los alimentos estudiados representan un gran aporte de macro y micronutrientes en la alimentación peruana siendo importante la difusión de sus propiedades nutricionales y promoción de su consumo.
This study examines the macro and micronutrient content of foods from the región Huanuco. We evaluated the moisture content, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate according to AOAC, fiber using the method of the AOCS, ascorbic acid was determined by HPLC according to the modified method of Ramallo et al. Minerals such as copper, iron and magnesium were evaluated using the method of the AOAC. 18 were analyzed in triplicate food: Carambola, Cocona with seed, Cocona without seed, Aguaje, Zapote, Guayaquil, Pijuayo, Anona, Umari, Caimito, Huit, Sachamango, Bread tree, Ubos, Sachaculantro, Pituca, sachapapa, Beans Ucayali and Bean stick. It was found higher protein content in beans Ucayali (18.98%) and higher ash content (4.52%). There is also a higher content of fiber (23.73%) and ascorbic acid Aguaje (48.80 mh/100 g). as there are minerals higher cooper content in bean pole (1.75 mg/kg), Ucayali bean iron (5.16 mg/kg) and magnesium in Zapote (137.07 mg/kg). the study concluded that foods surveyed represent a major contribution of macro and micronutrients in Peruvian food still important the dissemination of its nutritional properties and promote their consumption.
Assuntos
Humanos , Alimentos , Ecossistema Amazônico , Nutrientes , Micronutrientes , Valor Nutritivo , Ácido Ascórbico , PeruRESUMO
Los compuestos fenólicos son un amplio grupo de sustancias con diferentes estructuras químicas y actividad, son constituyentes importantes de las plantas y que a su vez les otorga múltiples efectos benéficos. Est n presentes generalmente en forma de glucósidos en los extractos de las frutas, hierbas, vegetales, cereales y otros materiales de plantas ricos en polifenoles lo que ha permitido su utilización por la industria alimentaria no solo por las características organolípticas que le confieren a las frutas y verduras sino que retardan la oxidación de los lípidos y mejoran la calidad nutricional de los alimentos. En adición a esto, los polifenoles presentan una amplia gama de actividades biológicas, incluyendo la actividad anticancerígena, antiinflamatoria, antihipertensiva, estrogónica, antioxidante y efectos protectores contra enfermedades cardiovasculares. Especialmente estos componentes pueden ejercer efecto antioxidante como el secuestro de radicales libres, donan moléculas de hidrogeno, barren moléculas de superóxido, quelan metales de transición; estas propiedades son atribuidas principalmente al grupo hidroxilo presente en su anillo estructural. Actualmente ha despertado gran interás su presencia en la dieta así como el estudio del metabolismo y biodisponibilidad de estos compuestos por sus propiedades beneficiosas en la salud humana.
The phenolic compounds are constituent important of the plants and that in turn grants multiple charitable effects to them. They are present generally in the shape of glucosides in the extracts of the fruits, herbs, vegetables, cereals and other rich materials of plants in polyphenols what has allowed his utilization for the food industry not only for the characteristics organolepticas that award him to the fruits and vegetables but they retard the oxidation of the lipids and improve the nutritional quality of the food. In addition to this, the polyphenols present a wide scale of biological activities, including the anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive activity, estrogenic, antioxidant and protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. Specially these components can exercise antioxidant effect as the scavenging of radical free, donate molecules of hydrogen, sweep molecules of superoxide, quelan metals of transicici¢n, these proper ties are attributed principally to the group hydroxyl present in his structural ring. Nowadays they have woken great in terest up his presence in the diet as well as the study of the metabolism and biodisponibilidad of these compounds for his beneficial properties in the human health
Assuntos
Humanos , Antioxidantes , Compostos Fenólicos/análise , Dieta , Pesquisa Biomédica , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares serán una de las principales causas de muerte en el país al 2020. Objetivo: determinar el efecto del consumo moderado del vino tinto sobre algunos marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y Métodos: se midió en vino capacidad antioxidante, antocianinas, polifenoles cuantificándose por cromatografía. Se seleccionaron 14 varones y 14 mujeres en 4 grupos de 7; dos grupos bebieron vino durante un mes, realizándoles análisis bioquímicos en condiciones basales, a los 15 y 30 días. Resultados: el vino presentó 226.9 mg/L antocianinas, C.I.50% del radical libre DPPH= 42.27 mg/ml; polifenoles totales = 1281.57 mg/L; cafeico = 11.82 mg/L, quercetina =9.40 mg/L y kaempherol =1.08 mg/L. En varones redujo significativamente en 10,19% glucosa, VLDL en 10,79% y el riesgo coronario 15,97% en varones y 36,5% en mujeres; incrementó significativamente 19,98% HDL en varones y 55,15% en mujeres. Conclusiones: el vino tinto aumentó HDL y redujo el índice de riesgo cardiovascular sobretodo en mujeres.
Introduction: the cardiovascular illnesses will be among the main causes of death in Perú by the year 2020. Objective: to determine the effect of moderate consumption of red wine on some cardiovascular risk scores. Materials and methods: chromatography of anthocyanin and several polyphenols was used to measure wine antioxidant capacity. The selected volunteers, 14 men and 14 women, were distributed in 4 groups of 7; two groups drank wine for a month; biochemical tests were performed on all volunteers at days 0, 15 and 30. Results: the wine had 226.9 mg/L anthocyanins, C.I.50% of the free radical DPPH = 42.27 mg/mL; total polyphenols = 1281.57 mg/L; caffeic acid = 11.82 mg/L, quercetin = 9.40 mg/L and kaempherol =1.08 mg/L. In men wine reduced glucose levels significantly in 10.19%, VLDL in 10.79%; the coronary risk was reduced by15.97% in men and 36.5% in women; HDL levels were increased significantly, 19.98% in men and 55.15% in women. Conclusions: moderate consumption of red wine increased HDL levels and reduced the cardiovascular risk index, mainly in women.
RESUMO
El estudio de Carica stipulata V. M. Badillo nos permitió determinar su composición química y nutritiva demostrando que es una fuente de minerales como el hierro (2.65 mg/100 g) y magnesio (217.22 mg/100 g), además de la vitamina C (45 mg/100 g) y la pectina (1 mg/100 g). Muestra un bajo valor calórico de 25,06 KCal/100 g de alimentos. Presenta además flavonoles y ácidos fenólicos principalmente ferúlico (25.26 ppm) y cafeico (15.49 ppm). El estudio bioquímico en ratas adultas que ingirieron la pulpa liofilizada del fruto mostró un aumento significativo de glucosa sanguínea en el grupo de la dosis de 600 y 300 mg/kg de peso con respecto al grupo control confirmando que la papaya aumenta los niveles séricos de glucosa. Se encontró además una disminución significativa en los niveles de colesterol sérico siendo mayor en el grupo de 300 mg/kg de peso. Los niveles de proteína subieron significativamente especialmente en el grupo de dosis de 600 mg/kg de peso, habiendo un aumento significativo de globulina especialmente en los grupos de la dosis de 600 y 300 mg/Kg de peso respectivamente. Los resultados de toxicidad mostraron que es prácticamente no tóxica con un valor de DL50 de 7629.4 mg/kg de peso corporal.
The study of Carica stipulata V. M. Badillo allowed us to determine its chemical and nutritional composition, demonstrating that it is a mineral source of iron (2.65 mg/100 g) and magnesium (217.22 mg/100 g), in addition to vitamin e (45 mg/100 g) and pectin (1 mg%), it Shows a low caloric value of 25,06 Kcal/100 grams of food. It presents flavonoids and phenolic acids mainly ferulic (25.26 ppm) and caffeic (15.49 ppm). The biochemical study in adult rats that ingested the freeze-dried pulp of the fruit showed a significant increase in blood glucose specially in the group of dose of 600 and 300 mg/kg of weight with respect to the control group confirming that papaya increases the serum levels of glucose. There was a significant decrease in cholesterol levels, being more significant in the group of dose of 300 mg/kg of weight. The protein levels raised significantly specially in the group of dose of 600 mg/kg, finding a significant increase of globulin, mainly in the group that received doses of 600 and 300 mg/kg respectively. The toxicity results showed that it is practically nontoxic with a value of DL50 of 7629.4 mg/kg of corporal weight.