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1.
FASEB J ; 31(11): 4682-4696, 2017 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28705809

RESUMO

sst5TMD4, a splice variant of the sst5 gene, is overexpressed and associated with aggressiveness in various endocrine-related tumors, but its presence, functional role, and mechanisms of actions in prostate cancer (PCa)-the most common cancer type in males-is completely unexplored. In this study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate pieces from patients with localized PCa, which included tumoral and nontumoral adjacent regions (n = 45), fresh biopsies from patients with high-risk PCa (n = 52), and healthy fresh prostates from cystoprostatectomies (n = 14) were examined. In addition, PCa cell lines and xenograft models were used to determine the presence and functional role of sst5TMD4. Results demonstrated that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed (mRNA/protein) in PCa samples, and this is especially drastic in metastatic and/or high Gleason score tumor samples. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 expression was associated with an altered frequency of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms: rs197055 and rs12599155. In addition, PCa cell lines and xenograft models were used to demonstrate that sst5TMD4 overexpression increases cell proliferation and migration in PCa cells and induces larger tumors in nude mice, whereas its silencing decreased proliferation and migration. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 overexpression activated multiple intracellular pathways (ERK/JNK, MYC/MAX, WNT, retinoblastoma), altered oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene expression, and disrupted the normal response to somatostatin analogs in PCa cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed in PCa, especially in those patients with a worse prognosis, and plays an important pathophysiologic role in PCa, which suggesting its potential as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target.-Hormaechea-Agulla, D., Jiménez-Vacas, J. M., Gómez-Gómez, E., L.-López, F., Carrasco-Valiente, J., Valero-Rosa, J., Moreno, M. M., Sánchez-Sánchez, R., Ortega-Salas, R., Gracia-Navarro, F., Culler, M. D., Ibáñez-Costa, A., Gahete, M. D., Requena, M. J., Castaño, J. P., Luque, R. M. The oncogenic role of the spliced somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 variant in prostate cancer.


Assuntos
Processamento Alternativo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Proteínas Oncogênicas , Neoplasias da Próstata , Receptores de Somatostatina , Via de Sinalização Wnt , Idoso , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Transplante de Neoplasias , Proteínas Oncogênicas/biossíntese , Proteínas Oncogênicas/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Receptores de Somatostatina/biossíntese , Receptores de Somatostatina/genética
2.
Mol Cancer ; 16(1): 146, 2017 08 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28851363

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Ghrelin-system is a complex, pleiotropic family composed of several peptides, including native-ghrelin and its In1-ghrelin splicing variant, and receptors (GHSR 1a/b), which are dysregulated in various endocrine-related tumors, where they associate to pathophysiological features, but the presence, functional role, and mechanisms of actions of In1-ghrelin splicing variant in prostate-cancer (PCa), is completely unexplored. Herein, we aimed to determine the presence of key ghrelin-system components (native-ghrelin, In1-ghrelin, GHSR1a/1b) and their potential pathophysiological role in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: In1-ghrelin and native-ghrelin expression was evaluated by qPCR in prostate tissues from patients with high PCa-risk (n = 52; fresh-tumoral biopsies), and healthy-prostates (n = 12; from cystoprostatectomies) and correlated with clinical parameters using Spearman-test. In addition, In1-ghrelin and native-ghrelin was measured in plasma from an additional cohort of PCa-patients with different risk levels (n = 30) and control-healthy patients (n = 20). In vivo functional (proliferation/migration) and mechanistic (gene expression/signaling-pathways) assays were performed in PCa-cell lines in response to In1-ghrelin and native-ghrelin treatment, overexpression and/or silencing. Finally, tumor progression was monitored in nude-mice injected with PCa-cells overexpressing In1-ghrelin, native-ghrelin and empty vector (control). RESULTS: In1-ghrelin, but not native-ghrelin, was overexpressed in high-risk PCa-samples compared to normal-prostate (NP), and this expression correlated with that of PSA. Conversely, GHSR1a/1b expression was virtually absent. Remarkably, plasmatic In1-ghrelin, but not native-ghrelin, levels were also higher in PCa-patients compared to healthy-controls. Furthermore, In1-ghrelin treatment/overexpression, and to a much lesser extent native-ghrelin, increased aggressiveness features (cell-proliferation, migration and PSA secretion) of NP and PCa cells. Consistently, nude-mice injected with PC-3-cells stably-transfected with In1-ghrelin, but not native-ghrelin, presented larger tumors. These effects were likely mediated by ERK1/2-signaling activation and involved altered expression of key oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes. Finally, In1-ghrelin silencing reduced cell-proliferation and PSA secretion from PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our results indicate that In1-ghrelin levels (in tissue) and circulating levels (in plasma) are increased in PCa where it can regulate key pathophysiological processes, thus suggesting that In1-ghrelin may represent a novel biomarker and a new therapeutic target in PCa.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Grelina/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Idoso , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/química , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Grelina/análise , Grelina/química , Grelina/genética , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Próstata/química , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/química , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Isoformas de Proteínas
3.
Prostate ; 77(15): 1499-1511, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28905400

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent neoplasia that is strongly influenced by the endocrine system. Somatostatin (SST) and its five receptors (sst1-5 encoded by SSTR1-5 genes) comprise a pleiotropic system present in most endocrine-related cancers, some of which are successfully treated with SST analogs. Interestingly, it has been reported that SSTR1 is overexpressed in PCa, but its regulation, functional role, and clinical implications are still poorly known. METHODS: PCa specimens (n = 52) from biopsies and control prostates from cystoprostatectomies (n = 12), as well as in silico databases were used to evaluate SSTR1 and miRNAs expression. In vitro studies in 22Rv1 PCa cells were implemented to explore the regulation of SSTR1/sst1 by different miRNAs, and to evaluate the consequences of SSTR1/sst1 overexpression, silencing and/or activation [with the specific BIM-23926 sst1 agonist (IPSEN)] on cell-proliferation, migration, signaling-pathways, and androgen-signaling. RESULTS: We found that SSTR1 is overexpressed in multiple cohorts of PCa samples, as compared with normal prostate tissues, wherein it correlates with androgen receptor (AR) expression, and appears to be associated with aggressiveness (metastasis). Furthermore, our data revealed that SSTR1/sst1 expression might be regulated by specific miRNAs in PCa, including miR-24, which is downregulated in PCa samples and correlates inversely with SSTR1 expression. In vitro studies indicated that treatment with the BIM-23926 sst1 agonist, as well as SSTR1 overexpression, decreased, whereas SSTR1 silencing increased, cell-proliferation in 22Rv1 cells, likely through the regulation of PI3K/AKT-CCND3 signaling-pathway. Importantly, sst1 action was also able to modulate androgen/AR activity, and reduced PSA secretion from PCa cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our results indicate that SSTR1 is overexpressed in PCa, where it can exert a relevant pathophysiological role by decreasing cell-proliferation and PSA secretion. Therefore, sst1, possibly in combination with miR-24, could be used as a novel tool to explore therapeutic targets in PCa.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/biossíntese , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/metabolismo , Receptores de Somatostatina/biossíntese , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/genética , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/terapia , Receptores de Somatostatina/genética
4.
Br J Haematol ; 164(5): 668-74, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24274082

RESUMO

The use of highly effective rituximab-containing therapy for treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) makes it more difficult to salvage relapsed or refractory patients. Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is the reference treatment for these patients, but the impact of previous exposure to rituximab on the subsequent results of ASCT remains unknown. We analysed 248 patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL or grade 3B follicular lymphoma pre-treated with rituximab as part of first-line therapy (R+ group) who received ASCT, in comparison with a control group of 127 patients without previous exposure to rituximab (R- group). The complete remission (CR) rates were similar in both groups. Multivariate analysis identified age-adjusted International Prognostic Index at diagnosis, extranodal involvement and disease status at transplant, and the number of previous chemotherapy lines as independent factors with a negative influence on CR rate. Compared with R- patients, those in the R+ group had a significantly better progression-free survival (63% vs. 48% at 5 years) and overall survival (72% vs. 61% at 5 years). This observation was independent of other prognostic factors that affected these outcomes. In conclusion, ASCT is no less effective in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphoma pre-treated with first-line rituximab-containing therapy than in rituximab-naive patients.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Indução de Remissão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rituximab , Terapia de Salvação/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
5.
BJU Int ; 113(6): 942-50, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24119199

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in preventing renal injury in patients with lithiasis undergoing extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 100 patients with renal lithiasis who were treated with ESWL. The patients were distributed randomly into two groups receiving either placebo or CoQ10 (200 mg/day), a powerful antioxidant with vasoactive properties, orally administered during the week before ESWL and for 1 week after. Renal dysfunction markers, vasoactive hormones, oxidative stress, plasma levels of several interleukins and vascular resistance index (VRI) using Doppler ultrasound were evaluated the week before ESWL, 2 h before ESWL and at 2 h, 24 h and 7 days after ESWL. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in glomerular filtration (P = 0.013), as well as a decrease in the albumin/creatinine ratio and the ß2 -microglobulin level (P = 0.02) after 1 week of treatment in the CoQ10 group. These changes were maintained at the follow-up after ESWL. The administration of CoQ10 was associated with improvement in vasoactive hormone parameters, VRI and interleukin levels. These improvements were maintained until the end of the follow-up period. However, the administration of CoQ10 was not associated with significant changes in the oxidative stress parameters. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that CoQ10 administration improves renal function and vasoactive and inflammation parameter values, allowing for preconditioning before the tissue insult caused by ESWL.


Assuntos
Rim/lesões , Litotripsia/efeitos adversos , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Cálculos Renais/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Ubiquinona/uso terapêutico , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle
6.
Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed) ; 47(5): 296-302, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36443223

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignancy in Spain. The aims of this study were: to identify the proportion of patients diagnosed with BC incidentally or after symptomatic presentation in a contemporary period in Spain; to compare demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics between these groups. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of a multi-centre observational study of 26 hospitals in the Spanish National Health System of all BCs newly diagnosed in 2011. The study represented 21.5% of the Spanish population and hospitals were selected in proportion to Spain's regions to ensure a representative sample. Patients were categorized by whether the cancer was diagnosed incidentally or after symptomatic presentation and baseline demographic, pathologic, and clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: 2472 were newly diagnosed with BC at the 26 participating Spanish hospitals with 308 (12.5%) of cases diagnosed incidentally and 2164 (87.5%) diagnosed after symptomatic presentation. No differences were observed between patients diagnosed incidentally vs. symptomatically in terms of demographics or measured co-morbidities. Compared to symptomatically diagnosed bladder tumours, those diagnosed incidentally were more likely to have a papillary appearance, to be significantly smaller, and less likely to have positive/suspicious cytology. Additionally, incidentally diagnosed bladder tumours were less likely to be muscle-invasive (11.7% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.01) nor aggressive at pathology, with 33.6% Grade 3 compared to 50.1%, (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We identified a significant percentage (12.5%) of new bladder cancer diagnosis made incidentally in a representative sample of the Spanish population. These tumours exhibited less aggressive pathologic characteristics than their symptomatic counterparts.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia
7.
APMIS ; 127(8): 545-553, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31231851

RESUMO

microRNA alterations are involved in bladder cancer tumorigenesis. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential role of miR-100 and miR-138 as prognostic biomarkers in Ta/T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We assessed a quantitative RT-PCR analysis of miR-100 and miR-138 in 50 bladder tumor samples (stage Ta/T1) and four healthy adjacent tissues. Western blot analysis was used to measure protein expression of FGFR3 and cyclin D3 in order to know whether these targets can be regulated by miR-100 and miR-138, respectively. The statistical analysis included non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis) and univariate survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Low expression of miR-138 characterized recurrent tumors (p = 0.043), and higher expression levels were associated with longer recurrence-free survival (p = 0.012). However, low miR-100 expression correlated with longer progression-free survival (marginal significance; p = 0.053) and cancer-specific overall survival (p = 0.006). Additionally, higher levels of miR-100 were associated with negative FGFR3 protein expression (p = 0.032) and higher levels of miR-138 were associated with positive cyclin D3 protein expression (p = 0.037). Our results support miR-138 and miR-100 as prognostic biomarkers in patients with NMIBC.


Assuntos
MicroRNAs/genética , Receptor Tipo 3 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Invasividade Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Análise de Sobrevida , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia
8.
BJU Int ; 101(3): 275-81, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17986288

RESUMO

Several pathological variants of bladder cancer, reflecting tumour heterogeneity in urothelial carcinoma, have been recently recognized. In this review we summarize the most common pathological variants of urothelial carcinoma, with an emphasis on clinical implications. It is important for both pathologists and urologists to be aware of the diverse morphological patterns in invasive bladder cancer, as they might be relevant in patient management and prognosis, mainly because they can mimic benign lesions, secondary tumours or might require a specific therapeutic approach.


Assuntos
Carcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Erros de Diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapia
9.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 130(19): 721-5, 2008 May 24.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18570797

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The impact of chemotherapy on the extent of breast cancer angiogenesis is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of primary chemotherapy on tumor microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and correlate this changes with tumor response, post-chemotherapy changes and other biological variables. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In 41 consecutive patients with breast cancer stages II and III, treated with anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, immunohistochemical analysis of microvessel density and VEGF were performed before and after the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Microvessel density was the same in post-chemotherapy that in pre-chemotherapy samples (p = 0.29). There were no changes in the expression of VEGF (p = 0.23). The expression of VEGF and microvessel density did not show any relationship with the response in the pre-chemotherapy analysis (p = 0.60 and p = 0.30 respectively), nor in the post-chemotherapy analysis (p = 0.50 and p = 0.65 respectively). Changes post-chemotherapy were not associated with VEGF expression (p = 0.53 in the pre-chemotherapy samples and p = 0.43 in the post-chemotherapy samples) nor microvessel density (p = 0.72 in the pre-chemotherapy samples and p = 0.65 in the post-chemotherapy samples). CONCLUSIONS: Anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not cause a reduction of the density of microvessel nor of the expression of VEGF in breast cancer.


Assuntos
Antraciclinas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise
10.
J Clin Pathol ; 60(3): 332-5, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16882698

RESUMO

Squamous differentiation (SqD) is variably present in urinary tract tumours, but its significance remains unclear. In this study, SqD was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody Mac387 in 145 urothelial tumours (bladder, n = 115; renal pelvis, n = 30). Mac387 detects the myelomonocytic L1 antigen; a member of the calgranulin family shared by epithelial cells and keratinocytes. L1 antigen was shown in SqD in urothelial carcinomas of the bladder or the renal pelvis, including 11 cases with focal SqD unrecognised by conventional analysis. SqD is more frequent in renal pelvic tumours (p = 0.027) and increases with grade/stage mainly in bladder carcinoma (grade, p = 0.05; stage, p = 0.005). Stage Ta/T1 bladder carcinomas with SqD recurred more (p = 0.021). In conclusion, Mac387 efficiently shows SqD in urothelial tumours.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Pelve Renal , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tumor Misto Maligno/diagnóstico , Tumor Misto Maligno/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico
11.
Cancer Lett ; 242(2): 266-72, 2006 Oct 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16426743

RESUMO

Whether apoptotic index [AI] and/or Ki-67 labeling index [Ki-67LI] add prognostic information in bladder cancer remains unclear. Mean AI and Ki-67 LI increased with grade and stage in 147 superficial bladder tumors. AI (>1.7%) correlated with tumor size, grade and proliferation. Ki-67 LI (>10%) correlated with higher grade and stage. Tumor size and Ki-67 LI were independent predictors of disease-free and progression-free survival, respectively. Tumor size, patient's age and tumor's recurrence predicted overall survival. We conclude that conventional clinical parameters and Ki-67 LI define risk groups of bladder tumors, while AI has limited value.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proliferação de Células , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/biossíntese , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Biomark Med ; 10(3): 243-53, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26861974

RESUMO

AIM: To assess the diagnostic performance of FGFR3 and Cyclin D3 urinary protein levels in detecting bladder cancer recurrence. PATIENTS & METHODS: Urine of 321 patients in follow-up for bladder cancer and 150 non-neoplastic urine controls was included. Cytology, cystoscopy and FGFR3 and Cyclin D3 expression by western blot were performed. RESULTS: One hundred ten (34.3%) patients had evidence of tumor recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology/cystoscopy was 80 and 84%, and for FGFR3/Cyclin D3 was of 73 and 90%. CONCLUSION: Combined urinary FGFR3/Cyclin D3 expression shows improved detection rates for bladder cancer recurrence with high specificity and sensitivity, and within the same range of detection shown by cystoscopy, therefore supporting its potential use as noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer recurrence.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/urina , Ciclina D3/urina , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/urina , Receptor Tipo 3 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/urina , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/urina , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Western Blotting , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC
13.
Cancer Lett ; 383(1): 125-134, 2016 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27693462

RESUMO

Ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is the key enzyme regulating ghrelin activity, and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for obesity/diabetes and as a biomarker in some endocrine-related cancers. However, GOAT presence and putative role in prostate-cancer (PCa) is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that GOAT is overexpressed (mRNA/protein-level) in prostatic tissues (n = 52) and plasma/urine-samples (n = 85) of PCa-patients, compared with matched controls [healthy prostate tissues (n = 12) and plasma/urine-samples from BMI-matched controls (n = 28), respectively]. Interestingly, GOAT levels in PCa-patients correlated with aggressiveness and metabolic conditions (i.e. diabetes). Actually, GOAT expression was regulated by metabolic inputs (i.e. In1-ghrelin, insulin/IGF-I) in cultured normal prostate cells and PCa-cell lines. Importantly, ROC-curve analysis unveiled a valuable diagnostic potential for GOAT to discriminate PCa at the tissue/plasma/urine-level with high sensitivity/specificity, particularly in non-diabetic individuals. Moreover, we discovered that GOAT is secreted by PCa-cells, and that its levels are higher in urine samples from a stimulated post-massage vs. pre-massage prostate-test. In conclusion, plasmatic GOAT levels exhibit high specificity/sensitivity to predict PCa-presence compared with other PCa-biomarkers, especially in non-diabetic individuals, suggesting that GOAT holds potential as a novel non-invasive PCa-biomarker.


Assuntos
Aciltransferases/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Metabolismo Energético , Neoplasias da Próstata/enzimologia , Aciltransferases/genética , Aciltransferases/urina , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/urina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/enzimologia , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/enzimologia , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/enzimologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/enzimologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/urina , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Regulação para Cima
14.
Cancer Lett ; 230(1): 20-4, 2005 Dec 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16253757

RESUMO

We examined the presence of human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6) DNA in a series of 74 bladder carcinomas from a Mediterranean population to elucidate their possible role as cofactor in the development of bladder cancer with or without associated human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HHV-6 type B DNA was present in 5 men (6.8%) out of the 74 tumors investigated; two of them had associated HPV-16 DNA in the same specimen. In one case that had associated urothelial carcinoma in situ, both HHV-6B and HPV-16 DNA were present. In conclusion, the low incidence of HHV-6B in bladder cancer and the ubiquitous nature of HHV-6 infection are more consistent with a bystander role rather than cofactor in the oncogenesis of bladder cancer.


Assuntos
Carcinoma/virologia , DNA Viral/análise , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 6/patogenicidade , Infecções por Roseolovirus/complicações , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/virologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Papillomavirus Humano 16/patogenicidade , Humanos , Masculino , Região do Mediterrâneo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações
15.
Am J Clin Pathol ; 122(3): 444-52, 2004 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15362377

RESUMO

We studied 159 cases of superficial (stage Ta or T1) bladder tumors to determine the significance on survival of a subset of regulators of transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle (p53, p21Waf1, p27Kip1, cyclin D1, cyclin D3) and tumor proliferation (Ki-67 [MIB-1]). Clinical findings (patient age, sex, tumor size, grade, stage [Ta or T1]) were included in the analysis. Univariate analysis revealed association of tumor size (P = .0353), grade in stage Ta tumors (P = .0074), cyclin D1 expression (P = .0182), and Ki-67 index (P = .0033) with disease-free survival and of tumor size (P = .0005), stage (P = .0494), cyclin D3 expression (P = .0105), and Ki-67 index (P = .0272) with overall survival. Cox multivariate analysis revealed cyclin D1 expression and high proliferation index (disease-free) and tumor size, cyclin D3 expression, and high proliferation index (overall survival) as independent predictors. Results suggest that alterations of the progression from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle are common in papillary urothelial bladder tumors. High tumor proliferation, expression of cyclins D1 and D3, and tumor size at diagnosis might be relevant predictors of survival in patients with stage Ta and T1 bladder urothelial tumors.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Ciclo Celular/fisiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/biossíntese , Divisão Celular/fisiologia , Ciclina D1/biossíntese , Ciclina D3 , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21 , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p27 , Ciclinas/biossíntese , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/biossíntese
16.
Hum Pathol ; 40(7): 1023-8, 2009 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19297008

RESUMO

In this report, we present the clinicopathologic features of 11 cases of the plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma. This is a rare variant of bladder cancer recognized by the current World Health Organization classification of urologic tumors. The plasmacytoid component varied from 30% to 100% of the tumor specimen; in 8 cases, the plasmacytoid component comprised greater than 50% of the tumor with 2 cases showing pure plasmacytoid carcinoma. The architectural pattern of the tumor varied from solid expansile nests with noncohesive cells to mixed solid and alveolar growth; a streaking discohesive architecture was additionally present in 2 cases (18%). At histology, the individual tumor cells had an eccentrically placed nucleus and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm reminiscent of plasma cells. Most neoplastic cells had nuclei of low to intermediate nuclear grade with occasional nuclear pleomorphism. Seven of 9 mixed cases had concurrent conventional high-grade urothelial carcinoma, and the remaining 2 cases presented features of nested or micropapillary urothelial carcinoma. Small intracytoplasmic vacuoles were variably present in all cases. All patients had advanced stage cancer (>pT3), and 8 (73%) had lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both plasmacytoid and associated conventional urothelial carcinoma were positive for cytokeratins 7, 20, and AE1/AE3 and epithelial membrane antigen; CD138 was positive in 3 cases. Follow-up information was available in all cases (range, 2-16 months; mean, 7 months). Nine of the patients died of disease from 2 to 11 months, and 2 patients were alive with disease at 8 and 16 months. In summary, plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive variant associated with poor prognosis that presents at an advanced clinical stage. In limited samples, it may be misdiagnosed as chronic cystitis or plasmacytoma, a pitfall further compounded by CD138 expression in some cases. Morphological distinction from other malignant neoplasms with plasmacytoid phenotype is critical for its clinical management.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico
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