Enhanced Production of Λ_{b}

The production rate of Λ_{b}^{0} baryons relative to B^{0} mesons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} production cross sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, and increases by a factor of ∼2 with increasing multiplicity. At relatively low transverse momentum, the ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} cross sections is higher than what is measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, but converges with the e^{+}e^{-} ratio as the momentum increases. These results imply that the evolution of heavy b quarks into final-state hadrons is influenced by the density of the hadronic environment produced in the collision. Comparisons with several models and implications for the mechanisms enforcing quark confinement are discussed.

Observation of Cabibbo-Suppressed Two-Body Hadronic Decays and Precision Mass Measurement of the Ω_{c}

The first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+} and Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector between 2016 and 2018. The branching fraction ratios are measured to be B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[6.08±0.51(stat)±0.40(syst)]%,B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[15.81±0.87(stat)±0.44(syst)±0.16(ext)]%. In addition, using the Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+} decay channel, the Ω_{c}^{0} baryon mass is measured to be M(Ω_{c}^{0})=2695.28±0.07(stat)±0.27(syst)±0.30(ext) MeV, improving the precision of the previous world average by a factor of 4.

Fraction of χ_{c} Decays in Prompt J/ψ Production Measured in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV.

The fraction of χ_{c1} and χ_{c2} decays in the prompt J/ψ yield, F_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}=σ_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. The study covers the forward (1.5

Amplitude Analysis of the B

An amplitude analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}µ^{+}µ^{-} decay is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. For the first time, the coefficients associated to short-distance physics effects, sensitive to processes beyond the standard model, are extracted directly from the data through a q^{2}-unbinned amplitude analysis, where q^{2} is the µ^{+}µ^{-} invariant mass squared. Long-distance contributions, which originate from nonfactorizable QCD processes, are systematically investigated, and the most accurate assessment to date of their impact on the physical observables is obtained. The pattern of measured corrections to the short-distance couplings is found to be consistent with previous analyses of b- to s-quark transitions, with the largest discrepancy from the standard model predictions found to be at the level of 1.8 standard deviations. The global significance of the observed differences in the decay is 1.4 standard deviations.

Modification of χ_{c1}(3872) and ψ(2S) Production in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV.

The LHCb Collaboration measures production of the exotic hadron χ_{c1}(3872) in proton-nucleus collisions for the first time. Comparison with the charmonium state ψ(2S) suggests that the exotic χ_{c1}(3872) experiences different dynamics in the nuclear medium than conventional hadrons, and comparison with data from proton-proton collisions indicates that the presence of the nucleus may modify χ_{c1}(3872) production rates. This is the first measurement of the nuclear modification factor of an exotic hadron.

Improved Measurement of CP Violation Parameters in B_{s}

The decay-time-dependent CP asymmetry in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→µ^{+}µ^{-})K^{+}K^{-} decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 B_{s}^{0} signal decays with an invariant K^{+}K^{-} mass in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020) resonance, the CP-violating phase ϕ_{s} is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B_{s}^{0}-B[over ¯]_{s}^{0} system, ΔΓ_{s}, and the difference of the average B_{s}^{0} and B^{0} meson decay widths, Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}. The values obtained are ϕ_{s}=-0.039±0.022±0.006 rad, ΔΓ_{s}=0.0845±0.0044±0.0024 ps^{-1}, and Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}=-0.0056_{-0.0015}^{+0.0013}±0.0014 ps^{-1}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase ϕ_{s} is also measured independently for each polarization state of the K^{+}K^{-} system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.

Measurement of CP Violation in B

A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of B^{0} and B[over ¯]^{0} mesons to the final states J/ψ(→µ^{+}µ^{-})K_{S}^{0}, ψ(2S)(→µ^{+}µ^{-})K_{S}^{0} and J/ψ(→e^{+}e^{-})K_{S}^{0} with K_{S}^{0}→π^{+}π^{-} is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be S_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.717±0.013(stat)±0.008(syst) and C_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.008±0.012(stat)±0.003(syst). This measurement of S_{ψK_{S}^{0}} represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle ß to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed.

[Inter-arm blood pressure difference: Consecutive versus simultaneous measurements in treated and controlled hypertense patients]. / Diferencia de presión arterial entre brazos: mediciones consecutivas versus simultáneas en pacientes hipertensos tratados y controlados.

The inter-arm difference (IAD) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with higher cardiovascular risk. We compared simultaneous and consecutive recordings in measuring IAD of SBP, and evaluated reproducibility between visits. 143 hypertensive patients (63.8±9.5 years, 51.7% women) treated and controlled with stable antihypertensive medication for a period of ≥3 months were included. Blood pressure (BP) in both arms was measured simultaneously and consecutively with an automatic oscillometric device, in two visits. The IAD of the simultaneous SBP was significantly lower compared to the consecutive one, both in the first (3.51±4.1 vs. 4.40±3.7mmHg; P<.01) and in the second visit (3.62±3.5 vs. 5.69±5.1mmHg; P<.001). When the IAD of SBP was categorized as ≥10 or <10mmHg, the reproducibility between visits was insignificant in both simultaneous measurements and consecutive measurements. The frequency of initial dominance was similar between the left and right arm in simultaneous ones (46.2 vs. 43.3%), and greater in the right arm in consecutive ones (55.2 vs. 38.5). The persistence of dominance between both visits was significantly higher when SBP was measured simultaneously (54.4% vs. 45.5%; P<.01). Our study shows that to define the arm with the highest BP, simultaneous measurements are preferable. In treated and controlled hypertensive patients, the poor persistence of initial dominance between visits requires us to review the recommendation of recording, during follow-up, the BP in the arm where it was highest on the first visit.

Cerebral venous thrombosis.

Cerebral venous thrombosis is part of the so-called thrombosis in unusual sites. It is defined as an occlusion in the cerebral venous territory. Its incidence is progressively increasing, especially in developing countries. It is more frequently observed in young women, with hormonal factors such as pregnancy or hormonal contraception being significant risk factors in the development of this condition. The clinical presentation will depend fundamentally on the topography of the thrombosis, with a confirmatory diagnosis based mainly on imaging tests. The treatment generally consists of anticoagulation, and other options may be considered depending on the severity of the case. Overall, the prognosis is better than that of other intracranial vascular disorders. This review describes the current evidence available regarding cerebral venous thrombosis.

Purely robotic ileocystoplasty in children: why not? First case in Spain. / Ampliación vesical pediátrica mediante abordaje robótico puro: ¿por qué no? Primer caso en España.

INTRODUCTION: We present the first case of pediatric ileocystoplasty using a purely robotic approach in Spain. CASE REPORT: 12-year-old male with neurogenic bladder of low capacity and high pressures. After failure of conservative treatment, bladder augmentation with ileum patch was decided upon. Surgery was carried out using a purely robotic approach with 4 robotic and 2 accessory ports. Surgery duration was 380 minutes in total, without intraoperative complications. He was discharged 2 weeks after cystographic control. During 32-months follow-up, he has remained continent. DISCUSSION: The minimal invasion, surgical precision and ergonomics made the robotic approach an optimal option for complex surgical techniques. Given the little availability of the robot and the low pediatric volume, its standardization is a challenge. Our accumulated experience is consistent with the current literature and shows promising surgical and esthetic results. We hope this case report will contribute to the divulgation and progressive introduction of robotic surgery in our daily lives.

INTRODUCCION: Presentamos el primer caso de abordaje robótico pediátrico puro en España. CASO CLINICO: Varón de 12 años con vejiga neurógena de escasa capacidad y altas presiones sin respuesta al tratamiento conservador, abogando por una ileocistoplastia de aumento. Se lleva a cabo un abordaje robótico puro con 4 puertos robóticos y 2 accesorios, de 380 minutos de duración total sin complicaciones intraoperatorias. Es dado de alta a las 2 semanas previo control cistográfico. Tras 32 meses de seguimiento continúa continente. COMENTARIOS: La mínima invasión, mayor precisión y ergonomía del abordaje robótico, hacen de éste una opción óptima para técnicas quirúrgicas complejas. Dada la difícil disponibilidad del robot y el escaso volumen pediátrico, resulta un reto su normalización en este campo. Nuestra experiencia coincide con la literatura, mostrando resultados quirúrgicos y estéticos prometedores. Esperamos este reporte contribuya a la difusión e introducción progresiva de la cirugía robótica en nuestra rutina.

Disrupted sleep-wake regulation in the MCI-Park mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Disrupted sleep has a profound adverse impact on lives of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and their caregivers. Sleep disturbances are exceedingly common in PD, with substantial heterogeneity in type, timing, and severity. Among the most common sleep-related symptoms reported by PD patients are insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep fragmentation, characterized by interruptions and decreased continuity of sleep. Alterations in brain wave activity, as measured on the electroencephalogram (EEG), also occur in PD, with changes in the pattern and relative contributions of different frequency bands of the EEG spectrum to overall EEG activity in different vigilance states consistently observed. The mechanisms underlying these PD-associated sleep-wake abnormalities are poorly understood, and they are ineffectively treated by conventional PD therapies. To help fill this gap in knowledge, a new progressive model of PD - the MCI-Park mouse - was studied. Near the transition to the parkinsonian state, these mice exhibited significantly altered sleep-wake regulation, including increased wakefulness, decreased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, increased sleep fragmentation, reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and altered EEG activity patterns. These sleep-wake abnormalities resemble those identified in PD patients. Thus, this model may help elucidate the circuit mechanisms underlying sleep disruption in PD and identify targets for novel therapeutic approaches.

Prognostic impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma in patients with heart failure.

PURPOSE: To analyze the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma on therapeutic management and prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS: Analysis of the information collected in a clinical registry of patients referred to a specialized HF unit from January-2010 to June-2012. Clinical profile, treatment and prognosis of patients was evaluated, according to the presence of COPD or asthma. Survival analyses were conducted by means of Kaplan-Meier and Cox's methods. Median follow-up was 1493 days. RESULTS: We studied 2577 patients, of which 251 (9.7%) presented COPD and 96 (3.7%) bronchial asthma. Significant differences among study groups were observed regarding to the prescription of beta-blockers (COPD=89.6%; asthma=87.5%; no bronchopathy=94.1%; p=0.002) and SGLT2 inhibitors (COPD=35.1%; asthma=50%; no bronchopathy=38.3%; p=0.036). Also, patients with bronchial disease received less frequently a defibrillator (COPD=20.3%; asthma=20.8%; no broncopathy=29%; p=0.004). COPD was independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.64; 95% CI 1.33-2.02), all-cause death or HF admission (HR=1.47; 95% CI 1.22-1.76) and cardiovascular death or heart transplantation (HR=1.39; 95% CI 1.08-1.79) as compared with patients with no bronchopathy. Bronchial asthma was not significantly associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: COPD, but not asthma, is an adverse independent prognostic factor in patients with HF.

Relación entre las variantes genéticas UGT y HLA y eventos adversos asociados al uso de lamotrigina. Revisión sistemática

Introducción: La lamotrigina (LTG) es un fármaco antiepiléptico aromático, en los humanos se usa principalmente en el campo de la neurología y psiquiatría. Existen eventos adversos (EA), secundarios al uso de anticonvulsivantes, por ejemplo, la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica (NET), y el síndrome de Steven Johnson (SSJ), su incidencia está estimada en 1 de 1000 a 10000 exposiciones con una mortalidad mayor al 35 %. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre la presentación de eventos adversos y los polimorfismos de la UGT y HLA en pacientes que usaron lamotrigina. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, incluyendo una búsqueda en las bases de datos, con estudios del tipo ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados y estudios observacionales de cohortes, casos y controles. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial encontró un total de 96 artículos, de los cuales luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión quedaron 8. Conclusiones: Al momento del desarrollo de este estudio, no hay suficiente evidencia que relacione como factor de causalidad las variantes de las HLA y UGT con la predicción de los eventos adversos (EA), con el uso de lamotrigina. Además, es importante decir que en Colombia no tenemos estudios, y que no conocemos estas variantes genéticas por lo tanto la extrapolación no se puede realizar, llevando a recomendar que se deben hacer estudios en población colombiana con las variantes planteadas como posibles relacionadas con los EA a lamotrigina.

Introduction: Lamotrigine (LTG) is an aromatic antiepileptic drug, mainly used in humans in the field of neurology and psychiatry. There are secondary adverse events (AEs) related to the use of anticonvulsants, for example, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS). Their incidence is estimated at 1 in 1,000 to 10,000 exposures with a mortality greater than 35%. Objective: To describe the relationship between the presentation of adverse events and UGT and HLA polymorphisms in patients who used lamotrigine. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was carried out, including a database search, with studies such as randomized controlled clinical trials and observational cohort and case-control studies. Results: The initial search found a total of 96 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 8 were considered. Conclusions: At the time of the development of this study, there was not enough evidence to relate HLA and UGT variants as a causal factor to predict adverse events (AEs) due to the use of lamotrigine. Furthermore, it is important to say that in Colombia there are no studies, and that we do not know these genetic variants, therefore it is not possible to extrapolate it. Thus the recommendation is that studies should be carried out in the Colombian population using variants proposed as possibly relating AEs. to lamotrigine.

La telerehabilitación durante la pandemia COVID-19: experiencia de las familias de niños con condiciones crónicas complejas / Telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience of families of children with complex chronic conditions

La telerehabilitación ha sido una solución rápida y efectiva para la atención de pacientes durante la pandemia COVID-19. Nuestro objetivo ha sido describir la experiencia de las familias de niños con condiciones crónicas complejas (CCC) asistidos con la modalidad de telerehabilitación durante la pandemia. Materiales y métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de tipo encuesta online. Se encuestaron familias de niños (1 mes a 5 años de edad) con al menos una CCC que recibieron seguimiento interdisciplinario a distancia durante la pandemia de 2 o más áreas de rehabilitación (kinesiología, fonoaudiología y terapia ocupacional) pertenecientes al Servicio de Kinesiología del Hospital de Pediatría Juan P Garrahan, durante marzo a octubre de 2020. Resultados: El 88,3% de los participantes (n=43) se expresó satisfecho con la modalidad de telerehabilitación. Entre los facilitadores seleccionados por los participantes se mencionan la reducción de tiempos, mayor frecuencia de consultas, disminución de gastos por traslados y mayor comodidad, mientras que entre las barreras se destacaron: el no vínculo con profesionales, alargue en tiempos de tratamiento, problemas de conectividad. El análisis estadístico no indicó diferencias significativas entre quienes se reportaron como más satisfechos según su estrato social (alto o bajo), la disponibilidad de wifi propio, o respecto a la edad del niño. Se reportaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la distancia al hospital (p=0.034). Conclusión: Esta forma de intervención ofreció nuevas posibilidades de atención que podrían considerarse a futuro en el seguimiento de nuestros pacientes. (AU)

Telerehabilitation has been a fast and effective solution in patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to describe the experience of families of children with complex chronic conditions (CCC) treated through telerehabilitation during the pandemic. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, online survey study was conducted. Families of children (1 month to 5 years of age) with at least one CCC who received interdisciplinary remote follow-up during the pandemic from two or more rehabilitation areas (physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy) belonging to the Department of Physical Therapy of Hospital de Pediatría Juan P Garrahan, from March to October 2020, were surveyed. Results: 88.3% of the participants (n=43) expressed satisfaction with the telerehabilitation modality. Among the facilitators selected by the participants, the following were mentioned: time saving, greater frequency of consultations, reduction of travel expenses and greater comfort, while among the barriers, the following stood out: no connection with the professionals, longer treatment times, connectivity problems. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences between those who reported being more satisfied according to socioeconomic level (high or low), availability of their own wifi connection, or age of the child. A significant difference was found for distance to the hospital (p=0.034). Conclusion: This type of intervention provided new possibilities of care that could be considered in the future follow-up of our patients (AU)

Primeras cirujanas de Chile / First female surgeons of Chile

Resumen En el año 2020 las cirujanas chilenas se reunieron en torno a la necesidad de trabajar para solucionar varios problemas que aquejan a la labor quirúrgica de la mujer en nuestro país, desde la formación de pregrado en adelante. Algunos de estos problemas son la poca visibilidad de la mujer en cirugía y la falta de reconocimiento de las cirujanas líderes y referentes del pasado y actuales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue indagar quienes habían sido las primeras cirujanas de Chile. La búsqueda fue difícil, ya que la información en la internet es escasa, por lo que se recurrió a entrevistas a discípulos y a algunas de las primeras cirujanas tanto en su especialidad o región del país. La cronología muestra lo reciente que ha sido la llegada de cirujanas a algunas regiones o la escasa representatividad de cirujanas en algunas subespecialidades. Esto se puede entender por barreras legales y culturales que han tenido que enfrentar las mujeres desde el ingreso a la carrera de medicina hasta el poder desarrollar la especialidad en cirugía a lo largo de la historia de este país.

In 2020, Chilean women surgeons gathered to discuss different problems affecting the development of a career in surgery. Through the history of the medicine and surgery in Chile, there have been several legal and cultural barriers that have kept women out of this specialty. One of this problem is the lack of knowledge of who were the first female surgeons and the lack of awareness of that there are women that can be leaders as well as male surgeons. So, generations of medical students and residents continue thinking that surgery might be a man's job. The purpose of this investigation is to reveal who went and are the first women surgeon in this country, not only in their time but also in their specialty, so we all know that there were and there still are pioneers among us.

Visibilizando a las cirujanas en Chile / Making female surgeons visible in Chile

Resumen Introducción: La cirugía ha sido tradicionalmente considerada una especialidad masculina. Se desconoce si el aumento en el número de médicas en las últimas décadas ha producido un aumento significativo en el número de cirujanas. Objetivo: Analizar y visibilizar la participación actual e histórica de las mujeres en Medicina y en Cirugía General en Chile. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de la cohorte de médicas/os y cirujanas/os egresados de escuelas de medicina chilenas desde el año 1970, complementado con estudio de corte transversal para conocer la información actual de las cirujanas y residentes. Las fuentes de datos fueron los Registros de la Superintendencia de Salud, CONACEM y el Catastro de la Asociación de Cirujanas. Resultados: Ha existido un aumento sostenido de médicas egresadas sobrepasando a sus pares masculinos a partir de 2018. Las cirujanas representan el 15% del total de cirujanas y cirujanos, y este número se ha duplicado por década a partir de los años 70. Actualmente, 33% de los residentes en formación son de género femenino. Las áreas más comunes de desarrollo son cirugía general (35%), y dentro de las subespecialidades: mama, plástica y cabeza y cuello. Conclusión: Las mujeres siguen siendo minoría en cirugía; sin embargo, se ha producido un aumento progresivo y se espera siga la misma tendencia. Es necesario visibilizar la importancia de las cirujanas para que sirvan como modelo a nuevas generaciones de estudiantes y así poder aumentar la representación femenina en la especialidad.

Introduction: Surgery traditionally has been considered a male discipline. It is unknown if the increase in the number of female doctors in the last decades has increased the number of female surgeons. Aim: Is to analyze and make visible the historical and current participation of women in Medicine and Surgery in Chile. Materials and Method: Retrospective cohort study of all medical doctors and surgeons graduated from chilean Universities since 1970 to date, and cross-sectional study to know current information of female surgeons and residents. Source of data were the Registries of Health Superintendence, CONACEM and the Registry of the Female Surgeon Association. Results: There has been a steady increase in the number of graduated female doctors in Chile, surpassing male doctors since 2018. Female surgeons are 15% of all surgeons, and the number has duplicated every decade since 1970s. Currently, 33% of the residents are female. Main area of developing is general surgery (35%), and within subspecialties: Breast, Plastics, and Head and Neck. Conclusions: Women are still underrepresented in Surgery: however, there has been a steady increase and that trend is expected to continue. It is necessary to make visible the importance of female surgeons to be able to increase female representation.

Disfagia pediátrica: rol del fonoaudiólogo como parte de un equipo interdisciplinario en el Hospital Juan P. Garrahan / Dysphagia in children: The role of the speech therapist in the interdisciplinary team of Hospital Juan P. Garrahan

Introducción: El 80% de los niños con condiciones médicas crónicas complejas presentan alteración de la conducta alimentaria. Dada la heterogeneidad de los diagnósticos y la complejidad en el manejo de la disfagia pediátrica, es muy importante la intervención de equipos especializados. Objetivo: Evaluación de la evolución de los niños con trastornos de la deglución y/o conducta alimentaria atendidos durante el año 2017 por el equipo interdisciplinario de deglución y conducta alimentaria, del Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. Material y métodos: Estudio analítico, prospectivo y longitudinal con la intervención de un equipo interdisciplinario. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes evaluados durante el año 2017. Se realizó evaluación clínica de la deglución que permitió detectar dificultades durante el momento de la alimentación. Se dieron pautas de estimulación y modificación de consistencias y se derivó a tratamiento oportuno. Se midió porcentaje de destete de soporte nutricional (SN) y/o aumento del aporte por vía oral. Resultados: evaluamos 153 pacientes, 39% mujeres, 90% menores de 3 años de edad y el 75% en apoyo nutricional. El 72% presentó trastorno de la deglución exclusivamente o asociado a trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. El 68% fue seguido en más de una oportunidad. El 36% de los pacientes que ingresaron con requerimiento de SN lograron el destete (sin diferencia significativa entre los que tenían o no trastorno deglutorio p=0.85 y los que tenían o no traqueostomía p=0,88) y 40% aumentó el aporte por vía oral dentro del grupo que no logró el destete. Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el destete de los pacientes que concurrieron al espacio de la clínica con respecto a los que no(p=0,016) y mayor tiempo de intervención entre quienes lograron el destete y quienes no, 5,2 ± 3,1 vs 3,45 ± 3,1 meses (p=0,0099). Conclusión: Es esencial el trabajo interdisciplinario y especializado en niños con trastornos de la deglución. La intervención del fonoaudiólogo como parte del equipo es fundamental para una detección precoz y correcto abordaje de la disfagia (AU)

Of all children with chronic complex medical conditions, 80% have eating behavior disorders. Given the heterogeneity of the diagnoses and the complexity of the management of dysphagia in children, intervention of a specialized medical team is essential. Objective: Evaluation of the outcome in children with swallowing and/or eating behavior disorders seen during 2017 by the interdisciplinary group of swallowing and eating behavior disorders at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. Material and methods: An analytical, prospective and longitudinal study with intervention by an interdisciplinary team. All patients evaluated during 2017 were included. Swallowing was clinically assessed to identify eating disorders. Indications were given for stimulation and food consistency and patients were referred for adequate treatment. The rates of weaning from nutritional support (NS) and/or increase of oral food intake were measured. Results: 153 patients were evaluated, 39% were female, 90% younger than 3 years of age, and 75% AN. Overall, 72% had swallowing difficulties only or associated with an eating behavior disorder; 68% was followed on more than one occasion. Thirty-six percent of the patients who were admitted with NS requirement could be weaned (without a significant difference between those who had a swallowing disorder and those who did not p=0.85 and those that did and did not have a tracheostomy p=0.88) and oral food intake increased in 40% of the patients in the group that could not be weaned. A statistically significant difference was found in the weaning of patients who attended the clinic and those who did not (p=0.016) and longer intervention time between those who could be weaned and those who could not, 5.2 ± 3.1 vs 3.45 ± 3.1 months (p=0.0099). Conclusion: Interdisciplinary and specialized care is necessary for children with swallowing disorders. Intervention of a speech therapist as part of the team is fundamental for the early detection and adequate management of dysphagia (AU)

Valoración de la adherencia del paciente diabético al consejo nutricional y evaluación de mejoras tras su reeducación: una investigación-acción en la costa mediterránea / Adherence to nutritional advice and improvement evaluation after reeducation among diabetic patients: an investigation-action on the Mediterranean coast

RESUMEN Objetivo: Valorar la adherencia del paciente diabético tipo 2 a las recomendaciones dietéticas profesionales, posteriormente educar en hábitos nutricionales saludables y evaluar las mejoras implementadas. Método: Investigación-Acción Evaluativa a 32 residentes diabéticos tipo 2 en la costa mediterránea española elegidos aleatoriamente en 2016 durante ingreso hospitalario. El diseño constó de 3 fases: exploratoria, educativa y evaluativa. Las técnicas empleadas fueron: la entrevista semiestructurada y métodos mixtos educativos. Los instrumentos fueron: el cuestionario MUST y el marco evaluativo de mejoras ISTEW. Resultados: Los entrevistados de ambos sexos (19 hombres y 13 mujeres) y media de edad de 74 años, no se sentían responsables de la elección y elaboración de la dieta diaria. Tampoco se sentían bien informados ni creían tener herramientas para abordar su salud nutricional correctamente. Se detectó un consumo excesivo de dulces y de grasas saturadas, no correspondiéndose con el tipo de dieta mediterránea esperable propia de la zona. Tras la intervención educativa se corroboró un alto grado de satisfacción y mejoras en su desempeño. Conclusiones: La no adherencia dietética se puede explicar por la ausencia de un canal de información eficaz paciente-familia-profesional y la ausencia del vínculo terapéutico al disminuir el empoderamiento y el nivel de gravedad percibida por la persona. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea fue baja. El conocimiento de su patología no se explica por el nivel académico y socioeconómico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess adherence to professional dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetic patients and then evaluate improvements after education on healthy nutritional habits. Methods: In 2016, thirty-two type 2 diabetics who resided on the Mediterranean Coast of Spain were randomly selected and invited to participate at hospital admission. The design consisted of 3 phases: exploration, education and evaluation. The techniques used were: semi-structured interviews and mixed educational methods. The instruments were: the MUST questionnaire and the ISTEW improvement evaluation framework. Results: The interviewees of both sexes (19 men and 13 women) with an average age of 74 years did not feel responsible for the choice and elaboration of their daily diet. They also did not feel well informed, nor did they believe they had the tools to address their nutritional needs correctly. Excessive consumption of sweets and saturated fats was detected, not corresponding to the type of Mediterranean diet expected in the area. After the educational intervention, a high degree of satisfaction and improvements in performance were corroborated. Conclusions: Dietary nonadherence can be explained by the absence of an effective patient-family-professional information channel and the absence of a therapeutic link reduced patient empowerment and level of severity perceived by the person. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low. The knowledge of his pathology is not explained by the academic and socioeconomic level.

Influencia del tiempo extendido por la Ley 20. 545 en el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna al retorno laboral, en funcionarias de un hospital público en Curanilahue, Región del Bío Bío, Chile. / Influence of the leave time extended by law 20. 545 in the maintenance of breastfeeding upon return to work, in female employees of a public hospital in Curanilahue, Bío Bío Region, Chile.

RESUMEN Con el fin de fomentar una adecuada calidad de vida se han establecido diversas políticas públicas a nivel internacional y nacional, para lo cual Chile generó en el año 2011 la Ley 20.545 de Postnatal parental, que amplía el periodo de descanso materno con lo que se pretende, entre otras cosas, extender el tiempo de lactancia materna. Objetivo: Interpretar el impacto de la Ley 20.545, en el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna en funcionarias del Hospital Dr. Rafael Avaria Valenzuela, Curanilahue, en 2017. Material y métodos: Se utilizó metodología cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico. Como instrumento de recolección de datos se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada aplicada a 15 mujeres de acuerdo a los criterios de selección. Resultados: El tiempo de extensión otorgado por el postnatal parental permite efectivamente mantener la lactancia materna una vez se ha retornado al trabajo, siendo relevante para lo anterior contar con un espacio físico que permita el cuidado de los hijos en un lugar cercano al trabajo donde se desempeñan las madres. Conclusión: La influencia del tiempo extendido por de la Ley 20.545 genera que el amamantamiento sea posible de mantener al retorno a las actividades laborales principalmente, por el acceso a sala cuna.

ABSTRACT In order to promote an adequate quality of life, several public policies have been established at the international and national levels. In 2011, Chile passed law 20,545 for Parental Postnatal Leave that extended the maternal leave period in order to, among other things, extend the duration of breastfeeding. Objective: To interpret the impact of law 20,545 in the maintenance of breastfeeding among female employees of the Dr. Rafael Avaria Valenzuela Hospital, Curanilahue, in 2017. Material and methods: We used a qualitative methodology with phenomenological design. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 women, chosen according to selection criteria. Results: The extended time given by the law regarding parental postnatal leave allowed for effectively maintaining breastfeeding when it was time to return to work. It was important that women have a place that allowed for the care of children, near their work space. Conclusion: The influence of extended time provided by law 20,545 makes maintaining breastfeeding possible when women return to work primarily because of access to nursery facilities.