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Scar tissue size following myocardial infarction is an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes, yet little is known about factors regulating scar size. We demonstrate that collagen V, a minor constituent of heart scars, regulates the size of heart scars after ischemic injury. Depletion of collagen V led to a paradoxical increase in post-infarction scar size with worsening of heart function. A systems genetics approach across 100 in-bred strains of mice demonstrated that collagen V is a critical driver of postinjury heart function. We show that collagen V deficiency alters the mechanical properties of scar tissue, and altered reciprocal feedback between matrix and cells induces expression of mechanosensitive integrins that drive fibroblast activation and increase scar size. Cilengitide, an inhibitor of specific integrins, rescues the phenotype of increased post-injury scarring in collagen-V-deficient mice. These observations demonstrate that collagen V regulates scar size in an integrin-dependent manner.
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Cicatriz/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo V/deficiência , Colágeno Tipo V/metabolismo , Traumatismos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Contração Miocárdica/genética , Miofibroblastos/metabolismo , Animais , Cicatriz/genética , Cicatriz/fisiopatologia , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Colágeno Tipo III/genética , Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo V/genética , Matriz Extracelular/genética , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Fibrose/genética , Fibrose/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Integrinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Integrinas/genética , Integrinas/metabolismo , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Masculino , Mecanotransdução Celular/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Microscopia de Força Atômica/instrumentação , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , Miofibroblastos/citologia , Miofibroblastos/patologia , Miofibroblastos/ultraestrutura , Análise de Componente Principal , Proteômica , RNA-Seq , Análise de Célula ÚnicaRESUMO
Paraneoplastic syndromes, induced by an immunological cross-reaction or hormone/peptide secretion, are an atypical presentation of tumors. Some tumors, such as small cell lung cancer and bronchial carcinoid, can be adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting tumors. Less commonly, parotid acinic cell carcinoma can be ACTH-secreting tumor leading to Cushing's syndrome. Few literature cases have described ACTH related paraneoplastic syndrome of parotid adenocarcinoma. Because of the rarity of the condition, little is known about the management and prognosis of this phenomenon. In this report, we highlighted the case of a 59-year-old male with a past medical history of parotid adenocarcinoma treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy presented with clinical and biochemical signs of hyperaldosteronism. Abdominal ultra-sound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging showed hepatic mass. Liver biopsy with immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of parotid adenocarcinoma secreting ACTH. He is on paclitaxel and carboplatin medication with good clinical response.
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Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico , Carcinoma de Células Acinares , Síndrome de Cushing , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/diagnóstico , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/etiologia , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico , Carcinoma de Células Acinares/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Acinares/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/complicações , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) on intrapulmonary shunt fraction as measured by F-shunt in ponies during isoflurane anaesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical study. ANIMALS: A group of 23 adult Shetland ponies undergoing a total of 32 anaesthetic procedures. METHODS: Ponies were premedicated intravenously (IV) with detomidine (0.01 mg kg-1) and either morphine (0.1 mg kg-1) or butorphanol (0.02 mg kg-1). Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg kg-1) and midazolam (0.07 mg kg-1) administered IV. Ponies were randomly allocated to maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane in oxygen (group TH; FiO2 = 0.95) or a mixture of oxygen and medical air (group TL; FiO2 = 0.65); all ponies were given a constant rate of infusion of detomidine. Animals were mechanically ventilated to maintain PaCO2 between 40 and 50 mmHg. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed every 30 minutes. The F-shunt equation was calculated for each time point T0, T30, T60 and T90. Data were analysed using linear mixed model analysis and presented as mean ± standard deviation (p < 0.05). RESULTS: PaO2 was greater in group TH than in group TL (TH: 406 ± 90, 438 ± 83, 441 ± 69 and 464 ± 53 mmHg versus TL: 202 ± 90, 186 ± 84, 172 ± 85 and 191 ± 98 mmHg at T0, T30, T60 and T90, respectively; p < 0.0001). In TH, F-shunt was < TL. Significant differences were found at T60 (TH: 13.2% ± 4.3 versus TL: 19.4% ± 8.3; p = 0.016) and T90 (TH: 11.7% ± 3.5 versus TL: 18.6% ± 9.5; p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our findings do not support a beneficial effect of using a reduced FiO2 to improve oxygenation in anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated Shetland ponies.
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Cavalos , Isoflurano , Animais , Oxigênio , Pressão Parcial , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração Artificial/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To use American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) criteria to evaluate a high-definition oscillometric (HDO) blood pressure monitoring device versus invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement in normotensive rabbits anaesthetized with two different anaesthetic protocols. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS: A group of 20 healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits weighing 4.36 ± 0.37 kg (mean ± standard deviation). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rabbits were premedicated with butorphanol 0.5 mg kg-1 and midazolam 0.5 mg kg-1 subcutaneously (SC, group BMA) or ketamine 25 mg kg-1 and medetomidine 0.4 mg kg-1 SC (group KM). Anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone administered intravenously (group BMA) or isoflurane by face mask (group KM) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. IBP was measured from the central auricular artery. The cuff for the HDO monitor was placed distal to the left elbow and distal to the left tarsus. Agreement between invasive and HDO measurements was evaluated using Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: In group KM there was better agreement between the HDO device and IBP when the cuff was placed on the thoracic limb, with 100% and 91% of the readings for mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), respectively, within 10 mmHg of the IBP measurements. The agreement, although worse, also met the ACVIM criteria for systolic arterial pressure (SAP; 53% of the readings within 10 mmHg). In group BMA, the device met the criteria with the cuff on the thoracic limb only, and only for MAP and DAP (73% and 75% of the measurements within 10 mmHg of the IBP, respectively) but not for SAP (12%). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The HDO device met most of the ACVIM criteria for noninvasive blood pressure measurement in anaesthetized rabbits, specifically when the cuff was placed distal to the elbow and the anaesthetic protocol included ketamine and medetomidine.
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Anestésicos , Pressão Arterial , Pressão Sanguínea , Anestésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Artérias , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/veterinária , Monitores de Pressão Arterial/veterinária , Estudos Prospectivos , CoelhosRESUMO
This article summarizes the current challenges of family medicine in Latin America and proposes possible lines of action to consolidate its development. In the last 40 years, the health systems of the Region of the Americas have faced reforms whose results were negative in terms of equity, and primary health care, far from being a strategy designed to reduce it, was restricted to a selective and focal policy. In this context, the technical proposals for expansion of training positions in family medicine and their insertion in medical careers have lacked consistency and a clear political direction, and thus their lack of effectiveness can be considered a symptom of these incomplete reforms. In this regard, the Ibero-American Confederation of Family Medicine made recommendations on the political commitment of governments to ensure the necessary structure and funding, consolidate the model of family medicine as a mechanism for the implementation of primary health care, the hierarchy of programs of training, the working conditions of family doctors and professional certification, among others. These technical recommendations, without a consistent and timely political action, will not be more successful than previous attempts.
Este documento tem como objetivo resumir os desafios atuais da medicina familiar na América Latina e propor possíveis linhas de ação para consolidar seu desenvolvimento. Nos últimos 40 anos, os sistemas de saúde da Região das Américas encararam reformas cujos resultados foram negativos em termos de igualdade, e a atenção primária à saúde, longe de sê-la aquela estratégia destinada a reducir-la, restringiu-se a uma política focal e seletiva. Neste contexto, as propostas técnicas de expansão das praças de formação em medicina familiar e sua inserção nas carreiras de Medicina, não dispuseram de coerência e de uma direção política clara, razão pela qual sua falta de eficácia se pode ler como um sintoma destas reformas incompletas. Neste sentido, a Confederação Ibero-americana de Medicina Familiar realizou recomendações sobre o compromisso político dos governos a fim de assegurar a estrutura e o financiamento necessários, consolidar o modelo de medicina familiar como mecanismo de instrumentação da atenção primária à saúde, a hierarquização dos programas de formação, as condições laborais dos médicos de família e a certificação profissional, entre outras. Estas recomendações técnicas, sem ação política coerente e oportuna, não serão mais exitosos que as tentativas prévias.
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Neurosurgery is one of the most demanding surgical specialties in terms of precision requirements and surgical field limitations. Recent advancements in robotic technology have generated the possibility of incorporating advanced technological tools to the neurosurgical operating room. Although previous studies have addressed the specific details of new robotic systems, there is very little literature on the strengths and drawbacks of past attempts, currently available platforms and prototypes in development. In this review, the authors present a critical historical analysis of the development of robotic technology in neurosurgery as well as a comprehensive summary of the currently available systems that can be expected to be incorporated to the neurosurgical armamentarium in the near future. Finally, the authors present a critical analysis of the main technical challenges in robotic technology development at the present time (such as the design of improved systems for haptic feedback and the necessity of incorporating intraoperative imaging data) as well as the benefits which robotic technology is expected to bring to specific neurosurgical subspecialties in the near future.
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Sistema Nervoso Central/cirurgia , Neurocirurgia/instrumentação , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/instrumentação , Robótica/instrumentação , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Animais , Humanos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/instrumentação , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodosRESUMO
Background: It is important to understand how consultation time relates to patient satisfaction, as these two variables have not been extensively studied together. Objective: To determine the correlation between consultation time and patient satisfaction in primary care settings in Mexico. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study that included patients over 18 years old. Time was measured using a stopwatch, and satisfaction was assessed using the Patient Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ-9). The correlation between both variables was analyzed using the Spearman test, and multiple linear regression was employed to associate satisfaction with the consultation. Results: A total of 115 participants were included. The average consultation duration was 12.1 minutes, and 74% of patients reported that the consultation time was adequate. A weak positive correlation (p < 0.001, r = 0.38) was found between actual consultation time and satisfaction. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that for every minute increase in consultation time, level of satisfaction increased in 0.04 units (p = 0.001, CI95%: 0.016-0.063). Conclusion: Most patients reported satisfaction with the duration of their medical consultation, and longer consultation times were associated with higher satisfaction levels.
Introducción: es importante conocer cómo el tiempo de la consulta se relaciona con la satisfacción del paciente, ya que son dos variables que no se han estudiado a profundidad de forma conjunta. Objetivo: determinar la correlación que existe entre el tiempo de consulta y la satisfacción del paciente en un primer nivel de atención en México. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional y analítico que incluyó a pacientes mayores de 18 años. Se midió el tiempo con cronómetro, así como la satisfacción mediante el cuestionario Patient Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ-9). Se analizó la correlación entre ambas variables con la prueba de Spearman y para asociar la satisfacción con la consulta se empleó regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: se incluyeron 115 participantes. La duración media de la consulta fue de 12.1 minutos y el 74% de los pacientes indicó que el tiempo de consulta les pareció adecuado. Se encontró una correlación positiva leve (p < 0.001, r = 0.38) entre el tiempo real de la consulta y la satisfacción. Mediante la regresión lineal múltiple se demostró que, por cada minuto de aumento en la consulta, el índice de satisfacción aumentaba en un 0.04 (p = 0.001, IC95%: 0.016-0.063). Conclusión: la mayoría de los pacientes refieren estar satisfechos con la duración de la consulta médica; sin embargo, a mayor duración de la consulta los pacientes muestran mayor satisfacción.
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Satisfação do Paciente , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
The study aims to determine SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage of Cancun wastewater treatment plants, the main touristic destination of Mexico, and to estimate the infected persons during the sampling period. SARS-CoV-2 RNA traces were detected in the inlet of the five plants during almost all the sampling months. However, there is no presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA traces in the effluent of the five WWTPs during the study period. ANOVA analysis showed differences in the concentrations of RNA traces of SARS-CoV-2 between the sample dates, but no differences were found from one WWTP to another. Estimated infected individuals by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation are higher (between 77% and 91%) than the cases reported by the health authority. Wastewater monitoring and the estimation of infected individuals are a helpful tool, because estimation provides early warning signs on how broadly SARS-CoV-2 is circulating in the city, and led to the authorities to take measures wisely. PRACTITIONER POINTS: There is no presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA traces in the effluent of the facilities, suggesting the effectiveness of treatment. Surveillance of viral RNA concentrations at treatment plants revealed presence in the influent of five plants Estimated infected individuals by MCMC simulation are higher than cases reported by health authority Environmental surveillance approach in wastewater influent is helpful to identify the clusters and to take informed decisions.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Águas Residuárias , RNA Viral/genética , México , Região do CaribeRESUMO
Two new species of Neocarus (Opilioacarida: Opilioacaridae), N. haicolous n. sp. and N. queretanus n. sp., are described from mesophyll and pine-oak forests in the state of Querétaro, central Mexico. One species was described from adults and tritonymphs. Distribution and habitat preferences of all known collections of Opilioacarida are reviewed. In Mexico, they have been collected in all habitats, from semideserts areas to tropical forest and from to sea level in dunes to high temperate and cloud forest.
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Ácaros e Carrapatos , Pinus , Animais , México , Ecossistema , FlorestasRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main complications of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The ESC/ESA 2019 lipid guide has led to a change in dyslipidemia control. We analyze the evolution of the lipid profile, the fulfillment of the low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, how patients are classified and the impact of this guide on lipid control in T2D patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study from 2017 to 2020 from a cohort of 297 T2D out of a total of 1229 (95% confidence level). We classified patients according to their cardiovascular risk and whether they met or not their LDL-C goal. RESULTS: Age 62.58±10.68 years; 52.79% men. Mean LDL-C levels 116.2 at baseline and 100.2mg/dL at 4 years (P<.001). They met their individualized LDL-C target after publication of the guide: 57 (21.67%). There were more controls who were under 65 years (57.9 vs. 36.9%; P<.01; RR 0.83), men (66.7 vs. 49.5%; P<.05; RR 0.86) and smokers (17.5 vs. 7.8%; P<.05). A percentage of 74.23 had a high cardiovascular risk and a target LDL-C<70mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Since the publication of the ESC/ESA 2019 lipid guide, a decrease in LDL-C levels has been observed. Only one in 5 patients fulfill their individualized LDL-C target. Male patients, under 65 years of age and smokers presented an advantage in meeting their goal. Most T2D patients have a high cardiovascular risk, and the predominant LDL-C target is less than 70mg/dL.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Dislipidemias , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Dislipidemias/complicações , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Therapeutic inertia (TI) is the lack of initiation or intensification of treatment when indicated. It contributes to the fact that more than a third of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) do not have adequate metabolic control. We set out to analyze the impact of TI during 4 years of follow-up in a cohort of T2D and its possible variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study of a cohort of 297 TD2 patients. We considered TI when treatment was not modified during the 4 years, despite poor control. We contemplate uncontrolled those that did not meet their individualized HbA1c target. RESULTS: Uncontrolled patients: 87; age: 62.2⯱â¯9.2; 58.7% men. We consider TI in 41.6% of the patients. Average HbA1c 8.22% in patients with treatment intensification of which 43.1% achieved their HbA1c goal, 29.8% were on monotherapy at the beginning, 29.8% double, 36.2% triple and 2,1% in quadruple therapy. There was more change in treatment in people with obesity (67.6 vs. 34.6%; Pâ¯<â¯0.01) and the 6 of the study patients with cardiovascular events (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Metformin was part of the treatment in 97.1% of IT cases (vs. 76.6%; Pâ¯<â¯0.01). Achievement of the HbA1c target was higher in patients receiving iSGLT2 (0 vs. 68.4%; Pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In 2 out of 5 uncontrolled T2D patients, the treatment was not changed; this was more evident in those patients treated with metformin. Patients with obesity and presence of cardiovascular events seem to protect against IT. Those who were on iSGLT2 have an advantage in meeting their HbA1c target.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Metformina , Idoso , Glicemia/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Controle Glicêmico , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are a leading cause of ingestion-associated fatality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) overdose as part of co-ingestion is common and associated with refractory shock. Treatment options to manage this profound vasoplegia are limited. We describe the first case of use of newly formulated Angiotensin II for treatment of severe ACEi and CCB poisoning. CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old man presented after suicide attempt by ingesting 20 tablets each of amlodipine 10 mg and benazepril 20 mg. His hypotension was initially managed with 35 mL/kg of crystalloid, norepinephrine, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic therapy (HIET). His hemodynamics further deteriorated, and he developed lactic acidosis, electrolyte derangements, and renal dysfunction. Further complications of his ingestion included cardiac arrest, subsequent requirement for emergency cricothyrotomy, and renal replacement therapy. Maximal hemodynamic support with HIET therapy insulin drip 4.4 units/kg/hour, norepinephrine 2 mcg/kg/min, epinephrine 1 mcg/kg/min, vasopressin .06 units/hour, and intravenous lipid emulsion was unsuccessful. Ang II was started and titrated to maximal doses with dramatic improvement in hemodynamics. Within hours of starting Ang II, epinephrine was stopped and norepinephrine decreased by 50%. He was downgraded from the intensive care unit without any ongoing end-organ dysfunction. DISCUSSION: Isolated CCB overdoses have high complication rates and well-established treatments. Therefore, management of CCB and ACEi co-ingestion is typically driven by CCB poisoning algorithm. There are multiple reports of CCB and ACEi co-ingestions causing treatment-refractory shock. Therapeutic options are limited by toxicities and availability of salvage therapies. Ang II is a safe and highly effective option to manage these patients.
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Various populations of cells are recruited to the heart after cardiac injury, but little is known about whether cardiomyocytes directly regulate heart repair. Using a murine model of ischemic cardiac injury, we demonstrate that cardiomyocytes play a pivotal role in heart repair by regulating nucleotide metabolism and fates of nonmyocytes. Cardiac injury induced the expression of the ectonucleotidase ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which hydrolyzes extracellular ATP to form AMP. In response to AMP, cardiomyocytes released adenine and specific ribonucleosides that disrupted pyrimidine biosynthesis at the orotidine monophosphate (OMP) synthesis step and induced genotoxic stress and p53-mediated cell death of cycling nonmyocytes. As nonmyocytes are critical for heart repair, we showed that rescue of pyrimidine biosynthesis by administration of uridine or by genetic targeting of the ENPP1/AMP pathway enhanced repair after cardiac injury. We identified ENPP1 inhibitors using small molecule screening and showed that systemic administration of an ENPP1 inhibitor after heart injury rescued pyrimidine biosynthesis in nonmyocyte cells and augmented cardiac repair and postinfarct heart function. These observations demonstrate that the cardiac muscle cell regulates pyrimidine metabolism in nonmuscle cells by releasing adenine and specific nucleosides after heart injury and provide insight into how intercellular regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis can be targeted and monitored for augmenting tissue repair.
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Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/biossíntese , Pirofosfatases/metabolismo , Regeneração , Transdução de Sinais , Monofosfato de Adenosina/genética , Monofosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/genética , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Traumatismos Cardíacos/genética , Traumatismos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/genética , Pirofosfatases/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The use of anticoagulants to prevent embolic events in Spain is very high, tending to a progressive increase. For this reason, we intend to analyse the mortality of patients from a metropolitan area of Granada treated with vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants (VKA), over 2 non-consecutive years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Longitudinal, observational, retrospective study of 205 patients treated with VKA. Sociodemographic data, previous clinical conditions, pathology causing VKA treatment, degree of control and mortality were collected 2 years after the start of the study. RESULTS: Average age, 76±11.8 years (57.56% women). Two-year mortality was 22.4%, with a significant increase depending on age (p<.001) and years of treatment (p<.001). Patients with dementia (p<.05), with chronic kidney disease (p<.01) or with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p<.01) also presented higher mortality. Multivariate analysis showed significant effect of chronic kidney disease (odds ratio=4.075), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio=3.694), and years of treatment (odds ratio=1.236). CONCLUSIONS: At 2 years of follow-up, 1 in 5 patients treated with VKA died. The presence of chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a longer treatment time were independently associated with this increase of mortality. Most of the patients were anticoagulated by atrial fibrillation, they were elderly and had a high prevalence of comorbidities.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Administração Oral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vitamina KRESUMO
It is estimated that by 2050 over 100 million people will be affected by the Alzheimer's disease (AD). It not only affects the patient, but also the whole family and specially the caregiver, who is continuously under great stress conditions. We propose a software environment, called Mnemosine, designed to improve the quality of life of both Alzheimer patients and caregivers and to enhance the communication with the neuropsychologists. Mnemosine will provide them with resources that make easier the disease monitoring and facilitates the patient's daily activities. Mnemosine also includes alarms and agenda modules to manage the patient's daily routine, a GPS route guidance and location system, and a reports utility to evaluate disease progression.
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Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Cuidadores/psicologia , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Software , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/reabilitação , Telefone Celular , Comunicação , Auxiliares de Comunicação para Pessoas com Deficiência , Biologia Computacional , Progressão da Doença , HumanosRESUMO
Introduction: Aspiration pneumonia is a subclass of community-acquired pneumonia that is expected to have an increasing contribution in mortality and morbidity, particularly in the elderly population over the next coming decades. While studies have revealed significant progress in identifying risk factors for aspiration pneumonia, the clinical presentation and diagnosis remain challenging to healthcare providers. Areas covered: We conducted a broad literature review using the MeSH heading in PubMed/MEDLINE of 'aspiration pneumonia' from January 1970 to July 2019. The understanding of the microbiology of aspiration pneumonia has evolved from a possible shift in the causative organisms away from anaerobes to traditional community-acquired pneumonia organisms. The importance of this shift is not yet known, but it has questioned the pathogenic role of anaerobes, appropriate anaerobic testing and the role of these pathogens in the pulmonary microbiome in patients with pneumonia. The identification of risk factors led to strategies to prevent or minimize the risk of aspiration pneumonia with moderate success. Expert opinion: Our expert opinion is that further research is needed to determine the role of the microbiome with aspiration pneumonia and patient risk factors. There is also a great need to develop clinical tools to help providers diagnose, treat, and prevent aspiration pneumonia.
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Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Aspirativa/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Bacteriana/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Bactérias Anaeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/etiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Humanos , Pneumonia Aspirativa/etiologia , Pneumonia Aspirativa/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/etiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To gain greater understanding of the development of emergency medicine in Spain by analyzing the presentations at conferences of the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) over the past 30 years (1988-2017). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined the programs of all SEMES conferences and described the characteristics of both presentations and presenters. We also analyzed changes occurring between 1988 and 2017 of some of the characteristics observed. The Web of Science was searched to evaluate the scientific productivity of the most frequent presenters and to calculate h-indexes for those presenters to assesstheir scientific relevance. RESULTS: SEMES did not hold a conference in 1992. The total of 29 conferences included 2182 presentations (112 listing presenters from abroad) given by 1410 presenters (89 from abroad). The presenters' affiliations named 616 centers. The number of presentations and presenters increased linearly during the first period and then leveled off. The number increased exponentially in the final phase. Men gave 79.6% of the presentations; 70.6% of the presenters were physicians, 11.9% were nurses and 4.0% were ambulance staff. Specialists in emergency medicine accounted for 60.8% of the presenters who were physicians. Presenters from the Spanish autonomous community organizing the conference gave 29.8% of the presentations. The contributions of presenters from the local organizing community were nearly always more numerous than the average number of contributions from that community in all 29 conferences overall. Conference contributions from some autonomous communities (Extremadura, Andalusia, and Catalonia) were considerably fewer than would be expected given the scientific productivity of those communities. However, communities (Murcia, Balearic Islands, Asturias, Castile-Leon, Madrid), gave many more presentations than their productivity metrics would predict. Analysis of the 59 most frequent presenters (at 5 conferences or more) showed that 64.4% of them had published at least 20 articles and that 71.2% had an h-index of 5 or higher. The number of women on the program increased significantly between 1988 and 2017. Likewise, geographic diversity increased significantly (presentations from centers outside the local organizing area) as did the participation of hospitalbased emergency medicine specialists. CONCLUSION: SEMES conference programs have attracted significantly more presentations and presenters over the years. We also detected changes in descriptive characteristics. The analysis of those characteristics can help future SEMES conference planners to plan ways to correct aspects such as scarce geographic diversity, low international participation, and few women among presenters.
OBJETIVO: . Profundizar en el conocimiento y la evolución de la Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (MUE) en España a través del análisis de las ponencias presentadas en los congresos de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) celebrados los últimos 30 años (1988-2017). METODO: Se revisaron los programas de todos los Congresos SEMES y se analizaron las características de ponencias y ponentes, así como la evolución entre 1988-2017 de algunas de estas características. Se revisó en Web of Science la producción científica y el índice h de los ponentes más frecuentes para contrastar su relevancia científica. RESULTADOS: . En los 29 Congresos SEMES (en 1992 no se celebró) se han presentado 2.182 ponencias (112 internacionales) por 1.410 ponentes (89 internacionales) procedentes de 616 centros. Hubo un crecimiento lineal de ponencias y ponentes los primeros años, una posterior fase de meseta, y finalmente un crecimiento con tendencia exponencial el último lustro. El 79,6% de ponencias fue impartida por hombres, y la distribución de médicos/enfermeros/técnicos fue 70,6%/11,9%/4,0%. Los urgenciólogos realizaron el 60,8% de ponencias médicas. La comunidad autónoma organizadora del congreso aportó el 29,8% de ponencias, casi siempre por encima de lo esperable por su aportación promedio global. Hubo comunidades autónomas cuya participación estuvo muy por debajo de su productividad científica (Extremadura, Andalucía, Cataluña) y otras muy por encima (Murcia, Baleares, Asturias, Castilla-León, Madrid). El 64,4% de los 59 ponentes más asiduos ( 5 congresos) tiene publicados 20 artículos y el 71,2% tiene un índice h 5. Entre 1988-2017 hubo incremento significativo de mujeres ponentes, diversificación geográfica (ponencias de comunidades autónomas no organizadoras del congreso) y urgenciólogos hospitalarios. CONCLUSIONES: Hubo un aumento significativo de ponencias y ponentes en los Congresos SEMES, con cambios detectables en algunas de sus características. El análisis detallado puede permitir intervenciones para corregir algunos aspectos en futuros Congresos SEMES, tales como la escasa diversificación y participación internacional y de mujeres.