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Home range is a fundamental characteristic of an animal natural history. The study of home range provides information on the sites where organisms forage for food, find shelter, or locate mates. Home range size and shape can change throughout the lifespan of an organism, during the year, or across seasons, driven by resource availability and the basic needs for each organism. For freshwater and semi-aquatic turtles, home range is greatly affected by water availability, humidity, and temperature throughout the year, nevertheless demographic factors such age and sex are also important determinants of home range size. In this study we estimated home range and dispersal movements for Kinosternon creaseri, Terrapene yucatana, and Rhinoclemmys areolata in a semi-tropical dry forest in central Yucatán. For a two-year period, turtles were surveyed using hoop traps and visual encounters. Twenty-one individuals (5-8 per species) were equipped with radio transmitters to track them across the landscape. Distances between relocations and home range were compared across species seasons, sex, and interactions of these variables. Monthly average movements were positively correlated with rain in the three species studied. Home range of R. areolata was larger than those of K. creaseri and T. yucatana. Home range of the three studied species were larger during the wet season. Home range overlap index within same species individuals was higher during the rainy than dry season, but overall overlap is low between and within species.
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Comportamento de Retorno ao Território Vital , Estações do Ano , Tartarugas , Tartarugas/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , México , Comportamento de Retorno ao Território Vital/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introduction: Obesity is a complex disease that predisposes individuals to cardiometabolic alterations. It leads to adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, which triggers insulin resistance (IR). This suggests that people with obesity develop local IR first and systemic IR later. AT secretes extracellular vesicles, which may be physiopathologically associated with the development of IR. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a high-fat diet on different parameters of adiposity in a rat model of early-stage obesity and to determine if these parameters are associated with markers of systemic IR. In addition, we sought to explore the relationship between fasting blood measures of IR (Triglycerides/High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol [TAG/HDL-c] and Triglycerides-Glucose Index [TyG Index]) with the size of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (adEV). Methods: We used a model of diet-induced obesity for ten weeks in Wistar rats exposed to a high-fat diet. Final weight gain was analyzed by Dual X-ray absorptiometry. Visceral obesity was measured as epididymal AT weight. IR was evaluated with fasting TyG Index & TAG/HDL-c, and adEV were isolated from mature adipocytes on ceiling culture. Results: In the high-fat diet group, glucose and triglyceride blood concentrations were higher in comparison to the control group (Log2FC, 0.5 and 1.5 times higher, respectively). The values for TyG Index and adEV size were different between the control animals and the high-fat diet group. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that adEV size can be significantly associated with the TyG Index value, when controlling for epididymal AT weight. Conclusion: Our results show that lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as the size and zeta potential of adEV are already altered in early-stage obesity and that adEV size can be significantly associated with liver and systemic IR, estimated by TyG Index.
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Objective: This study aimed to survey the practice of palliative sedation in Portugal, where data on this subject were lacking. Methods: This was a prospective multicentric study that included all patients admitted to each team that agreed to participate. Patients were followed until death, discharge, or after 3 months of follow-up. Results: The study included 8 teams: 4 as palliative care units (PCU), 1 as a hospital palliative care team (HPCT), 2 as home care (HC), and 1 as HPCT and HC. Of the 361 patients enrolled, 52% were male, the median age was 76 years, and 285 (79%) had cancer. Continuous sedation was undergone by 49 (14%) patients: 26 (53%) were male, and the median age was 76. Most patients, 46 (94%), had an oncological diagnosis. Only in a minority of cases, the family, 16 (33%), or the patient, 5 (10%), participated in the decision to sedate. Delirium was the most frequent symptom leading to sedation. The medication most used was midazolam (65%). In the multivariable analysis, only age and the combined score were independently associated with sedation; patients <76 years and those with higher levels of suffering had a higher probability of being sedated. Conclusions: The practice of continuous palliative sedation in Portugal is within the range reported in other studies. One particularly relevant point was the low participation of patients and their families in the decision-making process. Each team must have a deep discussion on this aspect.
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RESUMEN La Dermatoglifia ha sido utilizada como herramienta para identificar la relación de esta con las capacidades físicas dentro de diferentes tipos de disciplinas deportivas. El presente documento tuvo como objetivo, identificar los hallazgos de investigaciones a nivel mundial, mostrando los resultados existentes entre los dermatoglifos y la capacidad de la fuerza en el rendimiento deportivo. Método: la búsqueda incluye publicaciones en revistas indexadas en los idiomas inglés, portugués y español. Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, Pubmed, Sportdiscus, Science Direct y Biblioteca Regional de Salud, para la búsqueda de información se definieron varias palabras clave. Se realizó la búsqueda y luego la revisión, donde se identificaron 56 artículos, de los cuales seis cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados y conclusiones: se evidenció que la mayor parte de investigaciones son casos y controles, algunos con altos niveles de sesgo por eso su clasificación fue de 2+ y 3 (Escala SIGN). Los resultados en esta revisión sustentan la relación entre la predominancia del patrón de Presilla y el desarrollo de la fuerza sin discriminar tipo de deporte, género y edad de los practicantes, país de procedencia, composición corporal o características genéticas.
ABSTRACT Dermatoglyphics have been used as a tool to identify its relationship with physical capacities within different types of sports disciplines. The present document aimed to identify research findings worldwide, showing the existing results between dermatoglyphics and the force capacity in sports performance. Method: The search includes publications in indexed journals in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. The following databases were used: Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, Pubmed, Sportdiscus, Science Direct and Regional Health Library, for the information search several key words were defined. The search and then the review were carried out, where 56 articles were identified, of which 6 met the inclusion criteria. Results and conclusions: It was evidenced that most of the investigations are cases and controls, some with high levels of bias, which is why their classification was 2+ and 3 (SIGN Scale). The results in this review support the relationship between the predominance of the Clip pattern and the development of strength without discriminating type of sport, gender and age of the practitioners, country of origin, body composition or genetic characteristics.
Assuntos
Humanos , Força da Mão , Dermatoglifia , Desempenho Atlético/estatística & dados numéricos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Publicações , Revisão SistemáticaRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: el término «mucocele¼, una denominación no específica y descriptiva referida a una acumulación mucosa anormal dentro de la luz del apéndice, independientemente de la causa subyacente, es una afección clínica rara que con poca frecuencia se considera en el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones localizadas en el cuadrante inferior derecho del abdomen. Objetivo: presentar un paciente con diagnóstico preoperatorio de apendicitis aguda complicada que fue intervenido quirúrgicamente de urgencia y se le diagnosticó finalmente un mucocele apendicular. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 52 años que fue admitido en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Emergentes por presentar dolor en la región lumbar derecha que se irradió a fosa iliaca derecha. Se acompañó de náuseas, vómitos abundantes, fiebre de 38,5-390 C, sed, oliguria, astenia y anorexia. Discusión: a la exploración física presentó mucosas pálidas y ligeramente secas, pulso débil y taquicárdico, hipotensión arterial, abdomen ligeramente distendido, doloroso a la palpación profunda en fosa ilíaca derecha. Los estudios imagenológicos sugirieron una colección apendicular. Con la sospecha clínica de apendicitis aguda complicada y ante la duda diagnóstica se decidió realizar laparotomía exploradora de urgencia. Durante el transoperatorio se identificó un mucocele apendicular. La histología confirmó un mucocele apendicular sin evidencia de origen neoplásico. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente y se le dio de alta al cuarto dia posoperatorio. Conclusiones: el mucocele apendicular es una afección clínica-quirúrgica que, a pesar de ser conocida, su incidencia es muy baja; siendo el diagnóstico preoperatorio difícil por la variedad en su presentación clínica.
ABSTRACT Introduction: the term «mucocele¼, a nonspecific and descriptive name referring to an abnormal mucous accumulation within the lumen of the appendix, regardless of the underlying cause, is a rare clinical condition that is infrequently considered in the differential diagnosis of the lesions located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Objective: to present a patient with a preoperative diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis who underwent emergency surgery and was finally diagnosed with an appendicular mucocele. Clinical case: 52-year-old male patient who was admitted to the Emergency and Intensive Care Unit for presenting pain in the right lumbar region that radiated to the right iliac fossa. He was accompanied by nausea, profuse vomiting, fever of 38.5-390 C, thirst, oliguria, asthenia, and anorexia. Discussion: on physical examination, she presented pale and slightly dry mucous membranes, weak and tachycardic pulse, arterial hypotension, slightly distended abdomen, painful on deep palpation in the right iliac fossa. Imaging studies suggested an appendicular collection. With the clinical suspicion of complicated acute appendicitis and the diagnostic doubt, it was decided to perform emergency exploratory laparotomy. During the intraoperative period, anappendicular mucocele was identified. Histology confirmed an appendicular mucocele with no evidence of neoplastic origin. The patient evolved satisfactorily and was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. Conclusions: the appendicular mucoceleis a clinical-surgical condition that, despite being known, its incidence is very low; being the preoperative diagnosis difficult due to the variety in its clinical presentation.
RESUMO Introdução: o termo "mucocele", nome inespecífico e descritivo que se refere a um acúmulo anormal de muco dentro da luz do apêndice, independente da causa subjacente, é uma condição clínica rara, raramente considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões localizado no quadrante inferior direito do abdômen. Objetivo: apresentar um paciente com diagnóstico pré-operatório de apendicite aguda complicada, submetido a cirurgia de urgência e com diagnóstico de mucocele apendicular. Caso clínico: Paciente do sexo masculino, 52 anos, que deu entrada no Pronto Socorro e na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva por apresentar dor em região lombar direita com irradiação para fossa ilíaca direita. Foi acompanhada de náuseas, vômitos profusos, febre 38,5-390 C, sede, oligúria, astenia e anorexia. Discussão: ao exame físico apresentava mucosas pálidas e levemente ressecadas, pulso fraco e taquicárdico, hipotensão arterial, abdome levemente distendido, doloroso à palpação profunda em fossa ilíaca direita. Estudos de imagem sugeriram uma coleção apendicular. Com a suspeita clínica de apendicite aguda complicada e a dúvida diagnóstica, optou-se pela realização de laparotomia exploradora de emergência. No intraoperatório, foi identificada mucocele apendicular. A histologia confirmou uma mucocele apendicular sem evidência de origem neoplásica. A paciente evoluiu satisfatoriamente e recebeu alta hospitalar no quarto dia de pós-operatório. Conclusões: amucocele apendicular é uma condição clínico-cirúrgica que, apesar de conhecida, é muito baixa; sendo o diagnóstico pré-operatório difícil pela variedade de sua apresentação clínica.
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RESUMEN Introducción: la hemorragia digestiva alta constituye toda pérdida hemática de volumen suficiente como para producir hematemesis, melena o ambas, cuyo origen se encuentra entre el esfínter esofágico superior y el ángulo de Treitz. Objetivo: determinar los factores predictivos de mortalidad en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de cohorte prospectiva. Se seleccionó una muestra de 456 pacientes mayores de 15 años con el diagnóstico clínico de hemorragia digestiva alta admitidos en el cuerpo de guardia de cirugía general y unidad de cuidados intensivos y emergentes del Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley, Manzanillo, entre enero de 2020 a diciembre de 2021. Se identificó una cohorte de pacientes egresados vivos (n=415) y una cohorte de pacientes fallecidos (n=41). Se realizó un análisis bivariado y posteriormente un análisis multivariado. Resultados: el modelo más ajustado de los factores predictivos de mortalidad quedó constituido por las siguientes variables: edad mayor de 60 años, shock hipovolémico, insuficiencia cardíaca, insuficiencia hepática yhemorragia recidivante. Conclusiones: se obtuvo un modelo ajustado con los factores predictivos de mortalidad en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta. Por lo tanto, podremos egresar precozmente a un paciente con bajo riesgo de mortalidad, mientras que podemos considerar el ingreso de un paciente de alto riesgo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.
ABSTRACT Introduction: upper gastrointestinal bleeding constitutes any blood loss of sufficient volume to produce hematemesis, melena or both, whose origin is between the upper esophageal sphincter and the angle of Treitz. Objective: to determine the predictive factors of mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: an observational, analytical, prospective cohort study was carried out. A sample of 456 patients older than 15 years with the clinical diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to the general surgery guardhouse and intensive and emergent care unit of the Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital, Manzanillo, between January 2020 and December, was selected. 2021. A cohort of patients discharged alive (n = 415) and a cohort of deceased patients (n = 41) were identified. A bivariate analysis was performed and subsequently a multivariate analysis. Results: the most adjusted model of the predictive factors of mortality was made up of the following variables: age over 60 years, hypovolemic shock, heart failure, liver failure and recurrent bleeding. Conclusions: an adjusted model was obtained with the predictive factors of mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, we can discharge a patient with low risk of mortality early, while we can consider the admission of a high-risk patient to the intensive care unit.
RESUMO Introdução: o sangramento gastrointestinal superior constitui qualquer perda de sangue de volume suficiente para produzir hematêmese, melena ou ambas, cuja origem se encontra entre o esfíncter esofágico superior e o ângulo de Treitz. Objetivo: determinar os fatores preditivos de mortalidade em pacientes com hemorragia digestiva alta. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional, analítico e de coorte prospectivo. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 456 pacientes maiores de 15 anos com diagnóstico clínico de hemorragia digestiva alta internados na enfermaria de cirurgia geral e unidade de terapia intensiva e emergente do Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley, Manzanillo, entre janeiro de 2020 e dezembro. coorte de pacientes que receberam alta com vida (n = 415) e uma coorte de pacientes falecidos (n = 41). Foi realizada uma análise bivariada e posteriormente uma análise multivariada. Resultados: o modelo mais ajustado dos fatores preditivos de mortalidade foi composto pelas seguintes variáveis: idade acima de 60 anos, choque hipovolêmico, insuficiência cardíaca, insuficiência hepática e sangramento recorrente. Conclusões: foi obtido um modelo ajustado com os fatores preditivos de mortalidade em pacientes com hemorragia digestiva alta. Por tanto, podemos dar alta precoce a um paciente com baixo risco de mortalidade, en quanto podemos considerar a admissão de um paciente de alto risco à unidade de terapia intensiva.
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Introducción: La dehiscencia de la línea de sutura es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes en la cirugía intestinal. Objetivo: Diseñar una escala predictiva para estimar de forma individual la probabilidad de dehiscencia de la línea de sutura intestinal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio, analítico, de cohorte con recogida retrospectiva de datos en el sexenio 2014-2019 en el hospital "Celia Sánchez Manduley". La muestra fue de 437 pacientes y se usó la variable dependiente: dehiscencia de la línea de sutura intestinal y variables independientes: edad, sexo, comorbilidad, hemoglobina, hipoalbuminemia, neoplasia de colon, riesgo anestésico, entre otras. Resultados: En el análisis multivariado se obtuvo un modelo ajustado con las variables: edad mayor de 70 años (p = 0,002), hipoalbuminemia (p = 0,014), anastomosis enterocólica (p = 0,018), cirugía urgente (p = 0,001) e íleo paralítico prolongado (p < 0,001). La escala predictiva fue derivada del modelo estadístico ajustado y clasificado en 3 grupos de riesgo la probabilidad de dehiscencia de la línea de sutura intestinal: bajo (menor de 2 puntos), moderado (entre 3 y 5 puntos) y elevado (mayor de 6 puntos). Presentó una sensibilidad de 89,6 por ciento, especificidad de 89,1 por ciento, porciento predictivo global de 89,2 por ciento, valor predictivo positivo de 66,1 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo de 97,2 por ciento. Tuvo una excelente calibración y un elevado poder discriminativo. Conclusión: Se obtuvo una escala predictiva para estimar de forma individual la probabilidad de dehiscencia de la línea de sutura intestinal(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: The suture line dehiscence is one of the most frequent complications in intestinal surgery. Objective: To design a predictive scale for estimating individual probability of suture line dehiscence. Methods: An analytical cohort study, which involved retrospective data collection, was carried out, in the six-year period of 2014-2019, at Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital. The sample consisted of 437 patients. Dehiscence of the intestinal suture line was used as a dependent variable, while age, sex, comorbidity, hemoglobin, hypoalbuminemia, colon neoplasia, anesthetic risk, among others, were used as independent variables. Results: Through multivariate analysis, an adjusted model was obtained, with the following results for the variables: age over 70 years (P=0.002), hypoalbuminemia (P=0.014), enterocolic anastomosis (P=0.018), urgent surgery (P=0.001), and ileus prolonged paralytic (P < 0.001). The predictive scale was derived from the adjusted statistical model and, based on the probability of dehiscence of the intestinal suture line, classified into three risk groups: low (less than two points), moderate (between 3-5 points) and high (more than six points). It presented a sensitivity of 89.6 percent, a specificity of 89.1 percent, a global predictive percentage of 89.2 percent, a positive predictive value of 66.1 percent, and a negative predictive value of 97.2 percent. It had an excellent calibration and a high discriminative power. Conclusion: A predictive scale was obtained for estimating the individual probability of dehiscence of the intestinal suture line(AU)
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Humanos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/complicações , Pseudo-Obstrução Intestinal/terapia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Técnicas de Sutura/efeitos adversos , Coleta de Dados , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
SUMMARY: Veterinary oncology is very important nowadays to get a better understanding of human carcinogenesis. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor receptor 2 are frequently evaluated by immunohistochemistry (HIC) in human breast tumor. WT1 is an oncogene, its overexpression has been detected in leukemia and diverse solid tumors like breast cancer, lung cancer and mesothelioma in humans. WT1 expression was evaluated in 15 canine breast tumors (CBT) diagnosed by histopathological analysis to find its relationship with neoplasia and malignancy. IHC and RT-PCR were performed in CBT tissues. Fisher´s test was used to analyze WT1 relationship with malignancy. Of the 15 tumors, 9 (60 %) were diagnosed as benign and 6 (40 %) were malignant. With IHC, WT1 expression was positive only in biopsies diagnosed as malignant. Expression of WT1 by RT-PCR was detected in 14 of the 15 tumors (93.33 %) as well as in control healthy mammary gland. Clinical significance: This study describes for the first time a close correlation between CBT and a positive result for WT1 expression with IHC; hence, it can be used as a biomarker for this neoplasia and as an indicator of malignancy. RT-PCR analysis also showed to be good option to detect WT1 expression. These results will be useful to further investigations to elucidate WT1-related signaling pathways in CBT. Also to know molecules that regulate the translation of this protein as a marker for tumor progression.
RESUMEN: La oncología veterinaria es muy importante hoy en día para comprender mejor la carcinogénesis humana. El receptor de estrógeno, el receptor de progesterona y el receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano se evalúan con frecuencia mediante inmunohistoquímica (HIC) en tumores de mama humanos. WT1 es un oncogén, su sobreexpresión se ha detectado en leucemia y en diversos tumores sólidos como el cáncer de mama, cáncer de pulmón y mesotelioma en humanos. La expresión de WT1 se evaluó en 15 tumores de mama caninos (TCC) diagnosticados mediante análisis histopatológico para encontrar su relación con la neoplasia y la malignidad. IHC y RT-PCR se realizaron en tejidos CBT. La prueba de Fisher se utilizó para analizar la relación de WT1 con la malignidad. De los 15 tumores, 9 (60 %) fueron diagnosticados como benignos y 6 (40 %) fueron malignos. Con IHC, la expresión de WT1 fue positiva solo en biopsias diagnosticadas como malignas. La expresión de WT1 por RT-PCR se detectó en 14 de los 15 tumores (93,33 %), así como en el control de la glándula mamaria sana. Importancia clínica: este estudio describe por primera vez una estrecha correlación entre la TCC y un resultado positivo para la expresión de WT1 con IHC; por lo tanto, se puede utilizar como un biomarcador para esta neoplasia y como un indicador de malignidad. El análisis por RT-PCR también demostró ser una buena opción para detectar la expresión de WT1. Estos resultados serán útiles para futuras investigaciones para dilucidar las vías de señalización relacionadas con WT1 en la TCC. También para conocer moléculas que regulan la traducción de esta proteína como marcador de progresión tumoral.
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Animais , Feminino , Cães , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Genes do Tumor de Wilms/fisiologia , Oncogenes , Imuno-Histoquímica , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , CarcinogêneseRESUMO
Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is the third leading non-obstetric indirect cause of maternal death. We describe the anaesthetic management of a 32-year-old woman at 22 weeks gestation with intracranial haemorrhage due to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Managing these patients requires a complex approach with a highly individualised plan involving neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, anaesthetists, obstetricians and neonatologists to assess the risk and benefit of all the different therapeutic alternatives. Given the high risk of further bleeding during pregnancy and the location of the AVM, the best therapeutic option in this case was considered to be a craniotomy and complete removal of the lesion. © 2014 Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
La hemorragia intracraneana (HIC) es la tercera causa indirecta no obstétrica de muerte materna. Describimos el manejo anestésico de una mujer de 32 a ños con 22 semanas de gestación, quien presentó hemorragia intracraneana debida a la ruptura de una malformación arteriovenosa (MAV). Para el manejo de esta clase de pacientes se requiere un enfoque complejo con un plan altamente individualizado en el que participen neurocirujanos, neurorradiólogos, anestesiólogos, obstetras y neonatólogos a fin de evaluar los riesgos y los beneficios de las diferentes alternativas terapéuticas. Considerando el riesgo elevado de sangrado ulterior durante el embarazo y la localización de la MAV, se consideró que la mejor alternativa terapéutica en este caso era la craneotomía para extirpar por completo la lesión.
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HumanosRESUMO
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder following intracranial surgery. Its aetiology is multifactorial. We present a case of a patient taken to microvascular decompression (Janetta surgery) for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia who developed a symptomatic magnification of basal hyponatremia in the immediate post-operative period. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome was diagnosed. The management of this condition poses a challenge for physicians involved in postoperative neurosurgical care.
La hiponatremia es el trastorno electrolítico más frecuente después de la cirugía intracraneal. Su etiología es multifactorial. A continuación presentamos un caso de un paciente sometido a una descompresión microvascular (cirugía de Janetta) como tratamiento de la neuralgia del trigémino que en el postoperatorio inmediato desarrolló una magnificación sintomática de su hiponatremia basal. Se diagnosticó un síndrome pierde sal cuyo manejo supone un reto para los médicos implicados en los cuidados neuroquirúrgicos postoperatorios.
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HumanosRESUMO
Las lesiones planas están asociadas con mayor frecuencia a la presencia de carcinoma invasor superficial. La magnificación endoscópica permite el análisis detallado de la superficie mucosa de lesiones sospechosas y predecir, por sus características morfológicas, si son lesiones benignas o malignas, permitiendo decidir conducta terapéutica al momento del estudio. Los tumores de diseminación lateral de colon y recto, son lesiones >10mm con bajo eje vertical extendidas lateralmente a lo largo de la pared luminal. Okamoto describe dos grupos: tipo granular, endoscópicamente numerosos nódulos de color homogéneo en comparación con mucosa colónica circundante; tipo plano, lesiones con superficie plana en ausencia de formación de gránulos nodulares. Establecer utilidad de la cromoendoscopia virtual computarizada y magnificación (FICE) para la determinación de las lesiones detectadas en estudios de video colonoscopia; decidir en el momento del procedimiento, la conducta a seguir. Se utilizó el modelo de clasificación de Paris en las lesiones colorectales detectadas. Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo en pacientes que acudieron a una consulta de centro privado, en el período Enero 2009-Marzo 2012, realizándoles video colonoscopia con FICE, con equipo Fujinon EPX-4400, por un mismo endoscopista. Se revisaron 1298 video colonoscopias, 269 casos con lesiones planas en colon de los cuales 17 (6.31%) fueron lesiones tipo II (diseminación lateral); 9 del sexo femenino (52.94%) y 8 masculino (47.05%); 7 fueron lesiones IIa no granular (41.17%), 7 IIa granular (41.17%), 2 IIc no granular (11.76%) y 1 IIc granular (5.88%). En relación a la ubicación 5 casos (29.41%), en transverso; 4 casos (23.52%) tuvieron resección endoscópica y 13 casos (76.47%) fueron referidos para resolución quirúrgica de los cuales, histológicamente: 7 fueron tubulovellosos (41,18%) y 1 de estos presentó displasia de alto grado y los 6 restantes de bajo grado....
The flat lesions are associated with a high incidence of invasive superficial carcinoma; the endoscopic magnification allows a more detailed evaluation of the superficial lesions and can predict if they will be or not malignant, allowing to take a therapeutic decision at the moment of the videocolonoscopy. These tumours are lesions no more than 10 mm, whit a low vertical axis wich extents laterally along the lumen of the colon. Okamoto describes two groups: Granular type Endoscopically are numerous nodules with the same color compared with the surrounding colonic mucosae; and the Flat type which are flat lesions without presence of nodules. To establish the utility of the virtual computerized chromoendoscopy and magnification (FICE)® in the evaluation of lesions detected in videocolonoscopies performed and in order to take a therapeutic decision. We used the Paris model for the classification of the colorectal lesions encountered at the time of the colonoscopy. We performed a retrospective and descriptive study in patients who evaluated in a private office between January 2009-March 2012, a videcolonoscopy with FICE® using a videocolonoscope Fujinon EPX 4400 ® all studies were performed by the same operator. 1298 videocolonoscopies were performed, 269 cases with flat lesions, 17 (6.31%) were lesions type II (lateral spread), 9 were females (52,94%) and 8 males (47,05%), 7 were lesions type IIa, non granular (41,17%), 7 IIa granular (41,17%), 2 IIc non granular (11,76%), and 1 IIc granular (5,88%), 5 cases (29,41%) were located in transverse colon, 4 (23,52%) were successfully removed endoscopically , and 13 (76,47) were referred for surgical treatment, in relation with the histopathology: 7 were tubulovillous (41,18%), and 1 associated with high degree dysplasia and 6 low degree dysplasia. Our study demonstrates, the usefulness of the FICE® in the detection of flat lesions and permits obtain samples for biopsy and make therapeutic decisions
Assuntos
Humanos , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma , Colo/lesões , Colo , Colonografia Tomográfica Computadorizada/métodos , GastroenterologiaRESUMO
Bovine feedlots are intensive production systems of significant importance in Mexico. The present study describes the presence of bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) causing subacute to chronic lesions in feedlot cattle, associated with other pathologies. Animals included in this study were discarded after they received therapy several times due to chronic pneumonia, or anaplamosis. Bovine virus diarrhea antigen was identified by immunohistochemistry in small intestine and myocardium in six cases of chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia with extensive areas of casseous necrotic bronchiectasis, previously diagnosed as Mycoplasma bovis pneumonias (retrospective group, n = 6). Furthermore, based on characteristic histopathologic lesions other nine cases were included (prospective group, n = 9). Bovine virus diarrhea antigen was recognized in two animals with pneumonic lesions, including a case with fibrinous bronchopneumonia as well as suggestive lesions of infectious bovine rinotracheitis (1/9), and another one with suppurative bronchopneumonia and myocarditis suggestive of Histophilus somni (1/9). In addition, one positive case was associated to anaplasmosis (1/9). Other two positive cases showed a conspicuous fibrinous peritonitis (2/9). The rest of the animals in this group resulted negative (4/9). Histopathological characteristics of the lesions and their association with the antigen in situ confirm the presence of BVD. This presentation is compatible with the acute infection syndrome. This is the first report of BVD infection and concomitant pathologies in feedlot cattle in Mexico.
El ganado en corral de engorda es un sistema de producción intensivo de gran importancia en México. En este trabajo se describe la infección por diarrea viral bovina (DVB), ocasionado por lesiones subagudas y crónicas en bovinos en corral de engorda, y su asociación con otras patologías. Los animales de este estudio fueron considerados de rechazo después de ser tratados en diferentes ocasiones por enfermedad respiratoria, o bien anaplasmosis. El antígeno de DVB fue identificado por inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) en intestino delgado y miocardio en seis casos de bronconeumonía supurativa crónica con extensas áreas de bronquiectasia con necrosis caseosa, los cuales habían sido previamente diagnosticados como neumonías por Mycoplasma bovis (grupo retrospectivo, n = 6). Además, se incluyeron otros nueve casos con base en las características histopatológicas de las lesiones (grupo prospectivo, n = 9). El antígeno de DVB se reconoció en dos animales con lesiones neumónicas, uno de ellos con bronconeumonía fibrinosa, incluyendo además lesiones probables de rinotraqueítis infecciosa bovina (1/9), y el otro con bronconeumonía supurativa y también miocarditis probable por Histophilus somni (1/9). Adicionalmente, un caso positivo estuvo asociado a anaplasmosis (1/9). Otros dos casos positivos presentaron una distintiva peritonitis fibrinosa (2/9). El resto de los animales de este grupo resultaron negativos a DVB (4/9). Las características histopatológicas de las lesiones y su asociación con el antígeno in situ, confirman la presencia de DVB. Esta presentación es compatible con el síndrome denominado infección aguda. Este es el primer informe de infección por DVB y otras patologías concomitantes en ganado de engorda en México.
RESUMO
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a term used to describe a wide range of different skeletal lesions between different species. Osteochondrosis is a problem that affects fast growing animals and it has been defined as a failure in the endochondral ossification of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage. This failure leads to cartilage thickening and retention, basal necrosis, subchondral bone damage and loose bone fragments in the articular joint. Osteochondrosis is a multifactorial disease in which nutritional, hereditary, endocrine factors, biomechanical influences, and failures of blood supply to growth cartilage play an important role. The aim of this review is to offer an updated approach to the knowledge of the mechanisms that intervene in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis, as well as alternatives to its diagnosis and treatment.
El término osteocondrosis (OC) se refiere a una gran variedad de lesiones esqueléticas en diferentes especies. La osteocondrosis es un problema que afecta a los animales de rápido crecimiento y se ha definido como una falla en la osificación endocondral del cartílago articular epifiseal. Dicha falla provoca un engrosamiento y retención del cartílago, necrosis basal, daño al hueso subcondral y desprendimiento de fragmentos óseos en la cavidad articular. La osteocondrosis es una enfermedad de etiología multifactorial donde factores nutricionales, hereditarios, biomecánicos, endocrinos, así como la falla en el aporte sanguíneo del cartílago en crecimiento juegan un papel importante. La finalidad de esta revisión es ofrecer un acercamiento al conocimiento de los mecanismos que intervienen en la patogénesis de la osteocondrosis, así como a las alternativas para su diagnóstico y tratamiento.
RESUMO
History of diseases, clinical manifestations, pathologic and histopathological findings, as well as the results of complementary studies of three animals considered representatives of an outbreak of mortality in beef cattle in a ranch located in Aldama, Tamaulipas, during the first trimester of the 2008 are presented. Babesiosis and paralytic rabies were the presumptive diagnosis in two cases. Both diseases are considered enzootic in this area. Laboratory studies demonstrated that rabies was the main problem (3/3); however, in two of them (2/3) also Babesia bovis was recognized. In enzootic areas, the presence of both diseases, bovine paralytic rabies and babesiosis, occurs simultaneously making diagnosis difficult.
Se presentan los antecedentes, las manifestaciones clínicas, los hallazgos patológicos e histopatológicos, así como los resultados de los estudios complementarios de tres animales representativos de un problema de mortalidad en ganado de carne en un rancho localizado en el municipio de Aldama, Tamaulipas, durante el primer trimestre de 2008. El diagnóstico presuntivo en dos casos fue babesiosis y en el otro fue rabia. La zona es considerada endémica para ambas enfermedades. Los resultados demostraron que el problema primordial fue rabia (3/3); sin embargo, en dos de ellos (2/3) también se registró la presencia de Babesia bovis. En zonas endémicas, la presencia de ambas enfermedades, rabia paralítica bovina y babesiosis ocurre simultáneamente haciendo difícil el diagnóstico.
RESUMO
This report describes a case of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) with metástasis to spleen in areas previously affected with a hemangioma in an adult mongrel stray bitch. In addition, the animal had seborrheic dermatitis associated with demodicosis, suggesting a deficient immune response. In Mexico, TVT is a common entity; however, metastases to internal organs are extremely rare. This is the first report of metastasis of TVT to an internal organ with a previous established tumour.
Este informe describe un caso del tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) con metástasis en bazo y en áreas previamente afectadas con hemangioma en una perra adulta mestiza. Además, el animal tenía dermatitis seborreica asociada con dermodicosis, la cual sugería una respuesta inmune deficiente. En México, el TVT canino es una entidad común; sin embargo, las metástasis a los órganos internos son extremadamente raras. Este es el primer informe de metástasis de TVT a un órgano interno con un tumor previamente establecido.
RESUMO
The conjunctival normal microflora, formed by fungi, yeast and bacteria, of 50 clinically healthy horses from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, was identified using three to 12 year-old horses of different breeds and gender. Samples were taken from the conjunctival sac of both eyes (n =100 eyes) using a cotton swab under sterile conditions. No eye was negative to the presence of the microorganism. There were differences in colony types in each eye of the same animal. One hundred percent were positive to fungal and bacteria colonies in both eyes, while 60% were positive to yeast. In the present study Serratia marcescens, a pathogenic, opportunist and multidrug-resistant organism, is reported for the first time in the conjunctival sac in horses. Serratia marcescens was isolated from 21 clinically healthy horses (42%) with a number of colony forming units (cfu) that ranged from 9 to 42.
Se identificó la microflora normal, formada por hongos, levaduras y bacterias, de la conjuntiva en 50 caballos clínicamente sanos, de diferente raza y sexo, de tres a 12 años de edad, del área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León. Las muestras se tomaron del saco conjuntival de ambos ojos (n = 100 ojos) con un hisopo bajo condiciones estériles. Ningún ojo fue negativo a la presencia de microorganismos. Hubo a menudo diferencias en los tipos de colonias entre los ojos del mismo animal, 100% fueron positivos a la presencia de hongos y bacterias en ambos ojos, y 60% positivos a la presencia de levaduras. Este estudio presenta, por vez primera en conjuntiva de caballos, la presencia de Serratia marcescens, considerada microorganismo patógeno oportunista con multirresistencia a fármacos. En esta investigación, Serratia marcescens se logró aislar de 21 caballos clínicamente sanos (42%) con rango de nueve a 42 unidades formadoras de colonias (ufc).
RESUMO
Bovine feedlots are intensive production systems of significant importance in México, United States of America and Canadá. Respiratory diseases are the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Herein, the gross and microscopic findings in the lungs of cattle with unusually persistent pneumonia unresponsive to aggressive antibiotic treatment in feedlots localized in General Escobedo, Nuevo Leon; Morelia, Michoacan; Mexicali, Baja California, and Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico are described. Eight chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia cases with multifocal areas of casseous necrosis were selected. Microscopically, these lesions were bronchocentric and characterized by foci of necrosis surrounded by a pyogranulomatous reaction. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive reaction to Mycoplasma bovis in all cases. Gross and microscopic lesions associated with M. bovis pneumonia have a conspicuous pattern. This is the first report of M. bovis causing pneumonia in feedlot cattle in Mexico.
El corral de engorda es un sistema de producción intensivo de gran importancia en la ganadería de carne en México, Canadá y Estados Unidos de América. Estudios epidemiológicos indican que las enfermedades respiratorias de los bovinos son el principal problema en corrales de engorda. En este trabajo se describen las lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas en pulmones de ganado de carne con severa neumonía crónica, a pesar de haber recibido tratamiento con antibióticos en más de tres ocasiones. Se realizaron estudios post mortem de ganado en corrales de engorda localizados en General Escobedo, Nuevo León; Morelia, Michoacán; Mexicali, Baja California y Culiacán, Sinaloa, todos en México. Se seleccionaron ocho casos crónicos de bronconeumonía supurativa con múltiples focos nodulares de exudado necrótico-caseoso. Estos focos necróticos estaban microscópicamente centrados en bronquios y bronquiolos y sus bordes estaban claramente limitados por una reacción piogranulomatosa. Los estudios de inmunohistoquímica demostraron positividad a Mycoplasma bovis en todos los casos. Las lesiones neumónicas macro y microscópicas asociadas con M. bovis tienen un patrón conspicuo. Este es el primer informe de M. bovis en neumonías en ganado de corral de engorda en México.
RESUMO
Se diseñó y probó un método para el mapeo participativo de fincas y la recolección de información agrícola, en el cual los pobladores delimitan los linderos de sus fincas y realizan su sectorización interna directamente sobre imágenes remotas impresas en gran tamaño. La actividad se realiza durante talleres colectivos, con ayuda de facilitadores, lo cual permite atender simultáneamente a un alto número de participantes. Los mapas sectorizados obtenidos se utilizan como material de apoyo para la aplicación de una encuesta agrícola, quedando la información referida a superficies conocidas, lo cual permite estimar los rendimientos, el área cultivada por rubro, la carga animal y la superficie bajo riego, entre otras variables. La aplicación del método en dos comunidades de los Andes venezolanos generó mapas de calidad equivalente a los obtenidos por levantamiento de campo e información agrícola detallada y espacializada. Se recomienda su utilización por ser una alternativa eficiente, confiable y económica para generar cartografía digital de fincas, que podría ser utilizada para implementar un sistema de recolección de información agrícola a nivel tanto local como nacional.
A method for participatory mapping of farms and the gathering of agricultural information is proposed and tested, based on the knowledge of the local residents, who outline their farm boundaries and the internal management units and plots on orthorectified aerial images printed in a large format. The activity is carried out in collective workshops, where the participation of previously trained facilitators allows that a large number of participants be attended simultaneously. The resulting sectorized farm maps are used in the collection of agricultural information, linking it to known areas and allowing the estimation of productivity, area dedicated to different crops, animal stocking rates and irrigated areas, among other variables. The application of this method in two communities of the Venezuelan Andes generated maps of equivalent quality to those obtained with field methods and detailed, spatially referenced agricultural information. The use of this method is recommended as an efficient, reliable and economic alternative to generate digital farm maps, which could be used for implementing an agricultural information collection system, not only at local level, but also at the national one.
Desenhou-se e provou-se um método para o mapeamento participativo de sitios e a coleta de informação agrícola, no qual os povoadores definem os limites de seus sitios e realizam sua setorização interna diretamente sobre imágens remotas impressas em grande tamanho. A atividade se realiza durante ateliers coletivos, com ajuda de facilitadores, o qual permite atender simultaneamente um alto número de participantes. Os mapas setorizados obtidos são utilizados como material de apoio para a aplicação de uma pesquisa agrícola, ficando a informação referida a superfícies conhecidas, o qual permite estimar os rendimentos, a área cultivada por item, a carga animal e a superfície sob irrigação, entre outras variáveis. A aplicação do método em duas comunidades dos Andes Venezuelanos gerou mapas de qualidade equivalente aos obtidos por levantamento de campo e informação agrícola detalhada e espacializada. Recomenda-se sua utilização por ser uma alternativa eficiente, confiável e econômica para gerar cartografia digital de sitios, que poderia ser utilizada para implementar um sistema de coleta de informação agrícola tanto a nível local como nacional.
RESUMO
A case of myositis ossificans circumscripta in an eight-year-old, male, Weimaraner dog, is described. The animal was originally submitted with presumptive diagnosis of hernia. The lesion was a firm, subcutaneous nodule, 5 cm long by 3 cm width, localized in the right perineum muscles. After the radiologic study the lesion was interpreted as a neoplasm from coccygeal vertebrae. The surgical procedure to eliminate the neoplastic tissue confirmed its hardness. Excision was not complete and the sample was submitted to pathology. The mass was hard, well circumscribed, vascularized and surrounded by muscle tissue. The histopathological study revealed a heterotopic ossification with zones of atrophy, degeneration and muscle necrosis, alternating with zones of trabecular ossification toward the periphery, limited by abundant fibrous connective tissue. These findings are characteristic of myositis ossificans circumscripta. This case represents the first report in a dog in Mexico, of a condition resembling the myositis ossificans circumscripta in humans.
Se describe un caso de miositis osificante localizada en un perro de raza Weimaraner, macho, de ocho años de edad. El animal fue originalmente remitido con diagnóstico presuntivo de hernia. La lesión era un nódulo subcutáneo firme con 5 cm de largo por 3 cm de ancho, localizada en los músculos del perineo derecho. Después del estudio radiológico la lesión fue interpretada como una neoplasia originada de vértebras coccígeas. Su dureza se constató durante el procedimiento quirúrgico para eliminar la neoformación. La lesión se extirpó parcialmente y la muestra se remitió a patología. La masa era dura, bien delimitada, vascularizada y con tejido muscular a su alrededor. El estudio histopatológico reveló osificación heterotópica con zonas de atrofia, degeneración y necrosis muscular, alternando con zonas de osificación trabecular en la periferia, limitadas por abundante tejido conectivo fibroso. Estos hallazgos son característicos de la miositis osificante localizada. Este caso constituye el primer informe de esta condición patológica en un perro en México, similar a la miositis osificante localizada en humanos.