[Risk perception, information received and occupational engagement of workers in a university hospital in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.] / Percepción del riesgo, información recibida y participación laboral de los trabajadores de un hospital universitario ante la pandemia de la COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: Hospital workers faced the pandemic with a lack of knowledge, procedures and resources, which generated different experiences based on the perceived risk of exposure. It was considered pertinent to conduct a study to learn about the risk perception, the information received and the occupational engagement of workers in a university hospital in the face of the pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study (july-september 2020) was carried out by an ad hoc survey of workers in the Majadahonda Puerta de Hierro University Hospital with 20 items (Likert scale from 0=not at all agree to 5=totally agree). The sample size was set at 828 workers. The absolute frequency and percentage of agreement for each item were described. Chi-Square was used to assess the association of responses with sex, type of worker, work area and activity in COVID-19 units. RESULTS: 992 workers participated, with 80.7% being women, 79.8% healthcare personnel and 33.2% nurses. Workers perceived a high risk of exposure. Approximately half confirmed that they had received information on the use of masks, although not on PPE. More than half stated that they felt involved in teamwork, but not in COVID-19 unit planning. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the risk perception by sex, between type of worker (healthcare vs. non-healthcare), work area (healthcare vs. non-healthcare) and working in COVID-19 Units vs. non-COVID-19 Units. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare personnel who worked in care areas and COVID-19 units present greater perception of the risk of exposure, although they report a higher degree of agreement in the information received and in their work engagement in the face of the pandemic.

OBJETIVO: Los trabajadores del hospital afrontaron la pandemia con falta de conocimientos, procedimientos y recursos, lo que generó diferentes experiencias en base al riesgo de exposición percibido. Se consideró pertinente realizar un estudio para conocer la percepción del riesgo, la información recibida y la participación laboral de los trabajadores de un hospital universitario ante la pandemia. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal (entre julio y septiembre de 2020) mediante una encuesta ad hoc con 20 ítems (Escala Likert de 0=nada de acuerdo a 5=totalmente de acuerdo) a los trabajadores del Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, que desarrollaron su actividad laboral durante la primera ola pandémica de la COVID-19. El tamaño muestral se estableció en 828 sujetos. Se describieron la frecuencia absoluta y el porcentaje de acuerdo de cada ítem. Se usó la chi-cuadrado para valorar la asociación de las respuestas con el sexo, el tipo de trabajador, el área de trabajo y la actividad en unidades de COVID-19. RESULTADOS: Participaron 992 trabajadores, habiendo un 80,7% de mujeres, un de 79,8% personal sanitario y un 33,2% de enfermeras. Los trabajadores percibieron un alto riesgo de exposición. Aproximadamente la mitad afirmaron haber recibido información sobre el uso de mascarillas, aunque no de los equipos de protección individual (EPI). Más de la mitad afirmó sentirse partícipe del trabajo en equipo, pero no de la planificación de unidades de COVID-19. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (<0,05) en la percepción del riesgo por sexo, entre el tipo de trabajador (sanitario frente a no sanitario), el área de trabajo (asistencial frente a no asistencial) y trabajar en Unidades de COVID-19 frente a Unidades de no COVID-19. CONCLUSIONES: Los sanitarios que trabajaron en áreas asistenciales y unidades de COVID-19 presentan mayor percepción del riesgo de exposición, aunque refieren mayor grado de acuerdo en la información recibida y en su participación laboral ante la pandemia.

[Nursing care for hospitalized patients in COVID-19 units]. / Cuidados enfermeros en el paciente adulto ingresado en unidades de hospitalización por COVID-19.

Since the SARS-CoV-2 was announced on March 11 in 2020, most of people, professional healthcare, scientists, technical personnel and managers included, have been developing protocols, procedures, guides, technical reports to orient an adequate attention in this health emergency due to the COVID-19. The shortage bibliography about nursing care in this pandemic is the reason to develop a useful clinical protocol to attend to the higher number of adult patients who were admitted at Hospitalization Units adapted to patient with COVID-19. For that reason, the aim of this document is to provide recommendations to the clinical practice and that way, helping to protocolize the care in adult patients admitted in COVID-19 Hospitalization Units, based in standards of the literature or the most current experience in front of this new pandemic.

[Discrimination and its relationship with risk behaviors and perceived health in spanish university students: a cross-sectional study.] / Discriminación y su relación con las conductas de riesgo y la salud percibida en estudiantes universitarios españoles: un estudio transversal.

OBJECTIVE: Discrimination during vital moments, such as the university period, can generate a high impact on people's behavior and health. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association of discrimination with perceived health and with different risk behaviors, as well as to describe gender differences in Spanish university students. Discrimination during vital moments, such as college, can have a high impact on people's behavior and health. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities (n=9,862). Discrimination, perceived health, alcohol consumption, smoking, consumption of illegal substances, leisure time connected to the Internet, risky sexual relations, family function, risk of mental health problems and risk of eating disorders were assessed. Prevalences with their 95% confidence intervals were obtained and for quantitative variables the mean and standard deviation were calculated. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the relationship between discrimination and the other variables. RESULTS: An association was found between discrimination and fair or poor perceived health (OR: 1.7; p=0.0001), consumption of illegal substances (OR: 1.3; p=0.002), problematic internet use (OR: 1.3; p=0.004), family dysfunction (OR: 1.8; p=0.0001), risk of mental health problems (OR: 1.9; p=0.0001) and eating disorders (OR: 1.5; p=0.0001). Regarding gender differences, higher prevalence of discrimination was observed in men with health status perceived as fair or worse (OR: 2.2; p=0.0001), family dysfunction (OR: 1.8; p=0.0001), risk of mental health problems (OR: 2.2; p=0.0001) and eating disorders (OR: 1.9; p=0.002). Women, apart from the previous variables, presented association of discrimination with consumption of illegal substances (OR: 1.3; p=0.005) and problematic internet use (OR: 1.4; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings underline that there is an association between discrimination and risk behaviors among Spanish university students. In turn, discrimination was associated with poor or fair perceived health, this relationship being similar in both men and women.

OBJETIVO: La discriminación durante los momentos vitales, como el periodo universitario, puede generar un alto impacto en la conducta y en el estado de salud de las personas. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la posible asociación de la discriminación con la salud percibida y con distintas conductas de riesgo, así como describir las diferencias de género en estudiantes universitarios españoles. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal con datos de estudiantes universitarios de primera matrícula de primer curso de 11 universidades españolas (n=9.862). Se valoró la discriminación, la salud percibida, el consumo de alcohol, el hábito tabáquico, el consumo de sustancias ilegales, el tiempo de ocio conectado a internet, la práctica de relaciones sexuales de riesgo, la función familiar, el riesgo de problemas de salud mental y el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Se obtuvieron las prevalencias con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% y para las variables cuantitativas la media y desviación estándar. Se calcularon las Odds Ratio con los intervalos de confianza al 95% para conocer la relación entre la discriminación y las otras variables. RESULTADOS: Se encontró asociación entre la discriminación y una regular o mala salud percibida (OR: 1,7; p=0,0001), el consumo de sustancias ilegales (OR: 1,3; p=0,002), el uso problemático de internet (OR: 1,3; p=0,004), la disfunción familiar (OR: 1,8; p=0,0001), el riesgo de problemas de salud mental (OR: 1,9; p=0,0001) y de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (OR: 1,5; p=0,0001). En cuanto a las diferencias de género, se apreciaron mayores prevalencias de discriminación en hombres con estado de salud percibida como regular o peor (OR: 2,2; p=0,0001), disfunción familiar (OR: 1,8; p=0,0001), riesgo de problemas de salud mental (OR: 2,2; p=0,0001) y de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (OR: 1,9; p=0,002). Las mujeres, además de las variables anteriores, mostraron asociación de la discriminación con el consumo de sustancias ilegales (OR: 1,3; p=0,005) y el uso problemático de internet (OR: 1,4; p=0,002). CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos del estudio subrayan que existe asociación entre la discriminación y las conductas de riesgo de los estudiantes universitarios españoles. A su vez, la discriminación se asoció con una mala o regular salud percibida, siendo esta relación similar tanto en hombres como en mujeres.

Care in post-traumatic syndrome due to gender violence: a case report. / Cuidados en el síndrome postraumático por violencia de género: a propósito de un caso clínico.

This article describes a clinical case of a patient attended at a continuous care point for a generalized anxiety disorder, principally due to abuse suffered from her ex partner. The patient was followed up at family nursing clinic, and the appropriate nursing interventions were developed to cover a series of needs prioritized by nurses using the AREA method and taking into account the prioritization of the user herself.