RESUMO
Ultrasonographic determinations of the craniocaudal dimension of the liver in the right midcalvicular line were performed on 96 healthy subjects. These values were compared to those obtained in the same individuals by two techniques of percussion, as well as the values for hepatic dullness predicted for those individuals using a popular nomogram. It was found that the traditional nomogram values, and both techniques of percussion, tended to underestimate this dimension of the liver as determined by ultrasound.
Assuntos
Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Percussão/métodos , Fatores Sexuais , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Measurement of proptosis was made with a Luedde exophthalmometer by one experimenter in 402 black and 325 white adults without endocrine disease or obvious orbital pathologic conditions. Black subjects had significantly higher values of proptosis than white subjects. It is suggested that the following "upper limits of normal" be used when clinically estimating proptosis: 19 and 21 mm for white female and male patients, respectively; and 23 and 24 mm for black female and male patients, respectively.
Assuntos
Etnicidade , Exoftalmia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Egophony is a change in timbre (Ee to A) but not pitch or volume. It is due to a decrease in the amplitude and an increase in the frequency [corrected] of the second formant, produced by solid (including compressed lung) interposed between the resonator and the stethoscope head. This explains certain difficulties in learning this valuable but currently neglected sign as well as in understanding certain physiologic false-positive occurrences.
Assuntos
Auscultação , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Sons Respiratórios , Auscultação/história , Auscultação/instrumentação , França , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , HumanosRESUMO
The ophthalmoscope is the only convenient device permitting the in vivo inspection of both neural tissue and the arterial and venous blood columns within the retinal vessels. Many findings of little interest to ophthalmologists are, when integrated into the total clinical examination, of great use to internists during the process of making a specific diagnosis. Even after the diagnosis has been made, some ophthalmoscopic signs are uniquely useful in evaluating the chronicity, severity, prognosis, and/or the vasculopathic effects of the disease.