The prevalence and clinical features of the night eating syndrome in psychiatric out-patient population.

OBJECTIVE: In this study we aimed to investigate the prevalance and clinical correlations of night eating syndrome (NES) in a sample of psychiatric outpatients. METHOD: Four hundred thirthy three consecutive psychiatric out-patients older than 18years were evaluated in the outpatient clinics using clinical interview according to the DSM-IV with regard to psychiatric diagnosis. Participants were also screened for presence of NES utilizing both clinical interview and self report based on Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) instruments. Sociodemographic and clinical features such as age, gender, education level, socioeconomic level and body mass index (BMI) were also recorded. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90R) were administered. RESULTS: Based on the proposed diagnostic criteria of the NES via utilizing clinical interview method, 97 (32 male, 65 female) of the sample met diagnostic criteria for NES. The point prevalence of NES was 22.4%. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age, gender, marital status, education and BMI. The patients with NES had higher NEQ, BSQ and SCL-90R subscale scores than patients without NES. Prevalance of depressive disorder, impulse control disorder, and nicotine dependency was higher among patients with NES. No differences were found with regard to the medication (antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers). CONCLUSION: Night eating syndrome is prevalent among psychiatric outpatients and associated with depression, impulse control disorder, and nicotine dependency. Body dissatisfaction and higher symptom severity are also other risk factors for the development of NES.

[Prediction of Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery by Night Eating, Emotional Eating, Eating Concerns, Depression and Demographic Characteristics]. / Bariatrik Cerrahi Sonrasi Kilo Geri Aliminin; Gece Yeme, Duygusal Yeme, Yeme Endisesi, Depresyon ve Demografik Özellikler Tarafindan Yordanmasi.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether night eating, emotional eating, eating concerns, depression, and some demographic characteristics are associated with the weight regain observed after bariatric surgery.  METHOD: The study group consisted of 117 adults with an age range of 21 to 56 years, residing at different cities of Turkey. The participants were assessed at the post-operative 12th- 98th months with Night Eating Questionnaire, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Emotional Eating Subscale, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Eating Concern Subscale of Eating Disorder Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Mann Whitney U Test, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression were used for data analyses.  RESULTS: Post-operatively, 13.7% of participants regained weight. The results displayed that depression, night eating, emotional eating and eating concern scores were higher in the participants who regained weight. Being married, emotional eating and time elapsed after the surgery positively, while knowledge on the amount of daily nutrients needed negatively predicted weight regain.  CONCLUSION: Some demographic and psychological factors may affect the weight regain observed after bariatric surgeries. This study is the first in this field in Turkey, and longitudinal studies are needed. A long term multidisciplinary follow-up protocol is recommended for successful treatment of obesity.

Sleep related eating disorder: Importance of prebariatric evaluation-A case report.

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is a parasomnia characterised by recurrent episodes of eating after arousal from sleep, occurring in an unconscious and involuntary manner. It has been reported mainly in association with the use of psychotropic medications. This case report is of a patient diagnosed with a sleep-related eating disorder associated with amnesia in the postoperative period following bariatric surgery. Such eating episodes without awareness in postoperative period might have devastating results by disturbing compliance with suggested eating behaviours. Although it is a rare condition, SRED should be screened for among bariatric surgery candidates, and those affected should be directed for the appropriate treatment. Also whether SRED should be considered a contraindications to bariatric should be considered.

Food addiction and the outcome of bariatric surgery at 1-year: Prospective observational study.

PURPOSES: The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of food addiction in bariatric surgery candidates and whether food addiction is associated with weight loss after bariatric surgery. METHODS: This prospective observational study was performed on morbidly obese patients who had been found suitable for bariatric surgery. Follow-up was conducted at the 6 and 12 month post-surgery. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was used to determine food addiction. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-eight patients were included. Pre-operative food addiction was found in 57.8% of patients. Food addiction prevalence decreased at the 6 and 12 month follow ups, to 7.2% and 13.7% respectively. There were no statistically differences between those with food addiction and those without addiction with regard to weight loss measured as percent of excess BMI at the 12 month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Food addiction as measured by the YFAS decreases significantly after bariatric surgery. The presence of food addiction before surgery was not associated with weight loss as measured EBL%. However, in view of the increase in BMI, 2 years after surgery longer follow up studies are warranted.