Relationship between DMFT index and number of pregnancies: a cross-sectional study on enrollment phase of the Tabari Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: People of all age and gender groups are at risk of dental diseases; however, some groups, such as pregnant women, are more vulnerable than others due to their specific physiological situations. The protection of maternal and fetal is critical. Therefore, the present study intended to investigate the relationship between the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the number of pregnancies. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was performed using the Tabari Cohort Study (T.C.S.) data. Data of 5,496 women enrolled in the T.C.S. were included in the study. After obtaining the approval of the Ethics Committee, the related data on the variables of age, age at the first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, total number of teeth at the time of examination, number of DMFT, employment status, socioeconomic status, educational level, residence location, body mass index, and the status of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases were extracted. Finally, data analysis was performed in the STATA software (version 14). RESULTS: The mean DMFT index in women with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and more than six pregnancies were obtained at 12.74 ± 7.11, 13.09 ± 7.06, 14.80 ± 7.81, 17.07 ± 8.11, 19.82 ± 9.02, 22.89 ± 8.98, and 26.17 ± 8.01, respectively (P < 0.001). Using the multivariate linear regression and adjusting the effect of potential confounding variables, it was found that the DMFT index increased by 34% for each unit increase in the number of pregnancies (ß = 0.34, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, there was a significant relationship between the DMFT index and the number of pregnancies. The DMFT index was increased with an increased number of pregnancies. Therefore, oral healthcare promotion should receive special attention in healthcare planning and related policies by raising awareness and providing easy access to dental services for women of childbearing age, especially pregnant women.

Prevalence of oral lesions in patients with AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Oral lesions are considered to be early clinical signs which may predict the progression of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Due to the lack of a comprehensive study that includes oral lesions in people with AIDS, the global prevalence of oral lesions in people with AIDS was estimated by combining preliminary studies' results using meta-analysis.Material and methods Databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were searched using keywords as 'HIV', 'AIDS', 'oral candidiasis', 'Kaposi Sarcoma', 'LinearGingival Erythema' and OR operators, AND and NOT. After the elimination of duplicate documents, articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. After combining the results of preliminary studies, an overall estimate of each lesion was reported. Ninety-five studies met the criteria for inclusion in this meta-analysis.Results The global prevalence of 21 oral lesions in HIV-infected patients was estimated. The overall prevalence of oral candidiasis, pseudomembranous candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi sarcoma and erythematous candidiasis was as follows: 35% (95% CI: 28-42), 19% (95% CI: 15-22), 12% (95% CI: 11-14), 5% (95% CI: 4-6) and 18% (95% CI: 14-22).Conclusion The present meta-analysis showed that oral lesions have a high prevalence in patients with AIDS. Dentists should consider that the clinical appearance of the oral cavity reflects the overall systemic health of the patient. As such, oral lesions may be linked to underlying immunosuppression caused by AIDS.

Evaluation of bone density by cone-beam computed tomography and its relationship with primary stability of dental implants.

Background: One of the critical factors determining the success of dental implants is primary stability. This study aimed to determine the density of jawbones in the implant candidate sites via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and its correlation with the values obtained from resonance frequency analysis during surgery. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study seventeen implant sites requiring implant placement were selected. Impressions were sent to the laboratory to construct a surgical guide via the stereolithographic method. An electronic surgery was performed on the chosen implant sites according to each patient's CBCT information entered into the Kaveh surgical guide software. The bone density of the target areas was calculated using the gray value (voxel value). After preparing the final osteotomy, an implant was installed in the area according to the manufacture's recommendation. The relevant Osstell® SmartPeg was selected and installed on the implant body to determine the primary stability. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the correlation pearson correlation statistical test. used for statistical analyze. P value amounts < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the gray scale in this study were 563.7 ± 218.8 and 65.3 ± 7.7 implant stability quotient (ISQ) respectively. The correlation between gray scale and ISQ was evaluated by the Pearson correlation test, and the results indicated a strong correlation between the two variables. Conclusion: The voxel value and primary stability had a normal distribution and strong correlation. In other words, the gray scale determined by CBCT imaging techniques at the proposed implant site could be used to assess the bone density before the surgery.

Antifungal Properties of Zataria multiflora on Candida species: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Candida infections have increased significantly in the antimicrobial resistance era, and synthetic antifungal drugs have limitations. The present work aimed to review the antifungal properties of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) as an herbal remedy. METHOD: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SID, Civilica, and Magiran databases were searched for the antifungal activity on in vitro, in vivo, dental biofilm, and clinical studies of Z. multiflora on Candida species. RESULTS: Overall, 33 articles evaluated the effect of Z. multiflora on Candida species and classified them into four groups, as follows in vitro (23), dental biofilm (6), in vivo (2), and clinical studies (3). All studies considered Z. multiflora effective in reducing or even inhibiting the growth of Candida species. NoMFC significant differences were seen in the effect of Z. multiflora on susceptible Candida compared to the resistant groups of Candida in the studies. It was also influential in inhibiting C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. kefyer, and C. zeylanoides. CONCLUSION: Considering the side effects and resistance of current antifungal drugs as well as the benefits of using herbal medicines, such as lower cost, less likely to develop drug resistance, the absence of side effects, and toxicity compared with chemical ones, it is possible as a powerful alternative to replace or combine with the current antifungal for Candida infection therapy along with other therapies.

Comparison of decayed, missing, filled teeth index between thalassemia major patients and control group in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Scientific evidence of the association between Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and thalassemia are conflicting and difficult to establish conclusions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between dental caries (using the DMFT index) and thalassemia major using meta-analysis. METHODS: Databases were searched using such keywords as "Thalassemia," "Caries," "decay," "DMFT," "Iran," and OR operators, AND, and NOT. After the elimination of duplicate documentation, the articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Checklist. Thereafter, the standardized mean difference of the DMFT index was estimated. RESULTS: In eight studies, the mean DMFT was compared between patients with thalassemia major and the control group. In six studies, the mean of this index was higher in patients with thalassemia major than in the control group and in all six of the studies, the differences were statistically significant. The mean standardized difference of DMFT, D, M, and F were reported as 1.36 (0.41, 2.30), 2.63 (0.42, 4.84), 1.65 (-0.14, 3.45), and 0.02 (-1.67, 1.72), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this meta-analysis indicated that DMFT index was more inappropriate in patients with thalassemia, as compared to the control group which represents the higher incidence of dental caries among patients with thalassemia compared to the control group.

Repair of Critical-Sized Rat Calvarial Defects With Three-Dimensional Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin Scaffolds and Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells.

INTRODUCTION: The repair of critical-sized defects (CSDs) are one of the most challenging orthopedic problems and the attempts for development of an ideal scaffold for treatment of large bone defect are ongoing. AIM: The aim of this study was the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite-gelatin seeded with bone marrow stromal cells construct for healing of critical-sized bone defect in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this experimental study, the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated by flushing method. For in vitro study, the cells were seeded on the scaffold and the cell viability as well as cytotoxicity were tested by MTT and LDH specific activity. The scaffold-cell construct was implanted into the critical-sized bone defect created in calvaria of Wistar male rats.15 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5), group 1 (control group): Injury without transplantation, group 2: implanted with hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold, group 3: hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold seeded with BMSCs. At different days post-implantation, the implanted site was collected and the bone healing was evaluated through H&E and Masson's Trichrome staining. ANOVA and paired t-test were used for data comparison and P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The results of MTT showed that the scaffold has no toxic effects on stromal cells. The first signs of ossification in hydroxyapatite-gelatin with BMSCs cells group appeared in the first week. However, in the fourth week, ossification was completed and the scaffold remaining was found as embedded islands in the spongy bone tissue. The greatest number of lymphocytes in the experimental group was observed after one week of planting scaffold. CONCLUSION: Hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold coated with BMSCs cells has a potential role in the healing process of bone and would be a possible new therapeutic strategy to repair extensive bone lesions.