Cold atoms meet lattice gauge theory.

The central idea of this review is to consider quantum field theory models relevant for particle physics and replace the fermionic matter in these models by a bosonic one. This is mostly motivated by the fact that bosons are more 'accessible' and easier to manipulate for experimentalists, but this 'substitution' also leads to new physics and novel phenomena. It allows us to gain new information about among other things confinement and the dynamics of the deconfinement transition. We will thus consider bosons in dynamical lattices corresponding to the bosonic Schwinger or [Formula: see text] Bose-Hubbard models. Another central idea of this review concerns atomic simulators of paradigmatic models of particle physics theory such as the Creutz-Hubbard ladder, or Gross-Neveu-Wilson and Wilson-Hubbard models. This article is not a general review of the rapidly growing field-it reviews activities related to quantum simulations for lattice field theories performed by the Quantum Optics Theory group at ICFO and their collaborators from 19 institutions all over the world. Finally, we will briefly describe our efforts to design experimentally friendly simulators of these and other models relevant for particle physics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Quantum technologies in particle physics'.

Laughlin spin-liquid states on lattices obtained from conformal field theory.

We propose a set of spin system wave functions that is very similar to lattice versions of the Laughlin states. The wave functions are conformal blocks of conformal field theories and for a filling factor of ν = 1/2 we provide a parent Hamiltonian, which is valid for any even number of spins and is at the same time a 2D generalization of the Haldane-Shastry model. We also demonstrate that the Kalmeyer-Laughlin state is reproduced as a particular case of this model. Finally, we discuss various properties of the spin states and point out several analogies to known results for the Laughlin states.

H = xp model revisited and the Riemann zeros.

Berry and Keating conjectured that the classical Hamiltonian H = xp is related to the Riemann zeros. A regularization of this model yields semiclassical energies that behave, on average, as the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. However, the classical trajectories are not closed, rendering the model incomplete. In this Letter, we show that the Hamiltonian H = x(p + ℓ(p)²/p) contains closed periodic orbits, and that its spectrum coincides with the average Riemann zeros. This result is generalized to Dirichlet L functions using different self-adjoint extensions of H. We discuss the relation of our work to Polya's fake zeta function and suggest an experimental realization in terms of the Landau model.

Entanglement of low-energy excitations in conformal field theory.

In a quantum critical chain, the scaling regime of the energy and momentum of the ground state and low-lying excitations are described by conformal field theory (CFT). The same holds true for the von Neumann and Rényi entropies of the ground state, which display a universal logarithmic behavior depending on the central charge. In this Letter we generalize this result to those excited states of the chain that correspond to primary fields in CFT. It is shown that the nth Rényi entropy is related to a 2n-point correlator of primary fields. We verify this statement for the critical XX and XXZ chains. This result uncovers a new link between quantum information theory and CFT.

Detección precoz de desviaciones y promoción de las habilidades sociales del lactante con la escala ADBB durante el seguimiento pediátrico: experiencia en un centro de salud pública de alta vulnerabilidad social / Early detection of deviations and promotion of infant social skills using the ADBB scale during pediatric follow-up: experience at a public health center of high social vulnerability / Detecção precoce de desvios e promoção de habilidades sociais infantis utilizando a escala ADBB durante o acompanhamento pediátrico: experiência num centro público de saúde de alta vulnerabilidade social

Introducción: el retraimiento del lactante es un signo de riesgo de desviaciones en el desarrollo y la salud mental infantil asociado a perturbaciones sostenidas en la interacción padres-bebé. Para este estudio se amplió la formación de un grupo de pediatras, médicos de familia y otros profesionales del primer nivel de un centro de salud de una zona de alta vulnerabildad social en una perspectiva interdisciplinaria del impacto de las interacciones tempranas en el neurodesarrollo y en la salud psicoemocional de los primeros años de vida, junto con la aplicación de un instrumento validado internacionalmente para la detección de retraimiento (escala ADBB, Alarme Détresse Bébé, Guedeney 2001) y estrategias para promover las habilidades sociales del lactante durante el control pediátrico. Objetivo: el estudio fue para evaluar el efecto de este abordaje en el seguimiento pediátrico de un grupo de lactantes a través de la detección de retraimiento y en comparación con otro grupo atendido en el mismo centro de salud sin el abordaje propuesto. Material y métodos: se realizó la detección de retraimiento con ADBB a 101 lactantes de 2 a 11 meses filmados en controles pediátricos durante 2016-2017 en un centro de salud pública de Montevideo. De total, 58 tuvieron seguimiento pediátrico con cuatro pediatras y una médica de familia con el abordaje propuesto y fueron evaluados con ADBB en dos tiempos, entre los 2 y 5 meses y entre los 8 y 11 meses de edad. Los 43 restantes acudieron al control pediátrico habitual en el centro de salud y fueron evaluados con ADBB entre los 8 y 11 meses. Todos los lactantes fueron evaluados con ADBB por expertos independientes. Resultados: de los 58 lactantes atendidos con el abordaje propuesto, 22% presentó retraimiento entre los 2 y 5 meses, y 14% entre los 8 y 11 meses. En el grupo atendido en los controles pediátricos regulares sin el abordaje propuesto, se detectó 53% de retraimiento entre los 8 y 11 meses de edad (p <0,001). Conclusiones: La detección precoz de retraimiento junto con estrategias para la promoción de las habilidades sociales del lactante durante el segui- miento pediátrico podría favorecer una perspectiva más integral y preventiva de la salud, incidiendo en el cuidado del neurodesarrollo y de la salud mental infantil desde el primer nivel.

Introduction: infant withdrawal is a sign of risk for deviations in child development and mental health associated with sustained disturbances in parent-infant interaction. For this study, a group of pediatricians, family doctors and other professionals of the Primary Care Level of a health center in an area of high social vulnerability was trained including an interdisciplinary perspective regarding the impact of early interactions on the neurodevelopment and psychological and emotional health of the first years of life. Similarly, we applied an internationally validated instrument for the detection of withdrawal (ADBB scale, Alarme Détresse Bébé, Guedeney 2001) and strategies to promote infant social skills during the pediatric check-ups. Objective: the study was to evaluate the effect of this approach in the pediatric follow-up of a group of infants through the detection of withdrawal and to compare it with another group assisted in the same center that did not receive the same approach. Material and methods: withdrawal with ADBB was detected in 101 infants aged 2 to 11 months filmed in pediatric controls during 2016-2017 in a public health center in Montevideo. In total, 58 had pediatric follow-up with four pediatricians and one family physician using the approach proposed in this study and were evaluated with ADBB in two stages, between 2 and 5 months and between 8 and 11 months of age. The remaining 43 attended the usual pediatric control at the health center and were evaluated with ADBB between 8 and 11 months. All infants were evaluated with ADBB by independent experts. Results: of the 58 infants treated with the approach proposed in this study, 22% presented withdrawal between 2 and 5 months, and 14% between 8 and 11 months. In the group attended in regular pediatric check-ups without using the proposed approach, 53% of withdrawal was detected between 8 and 11 months of age (p <0.001). Conclusions: the early detection of withdrawal to gether with strategies for the promotion of infant social skills during pediatric follow-up could favor a more comprehensive and preventive health perspective and enable practitioners to focus on the children neurodevelopmental and mental health from primary care assistance.

Introduccion: a abstinencia infantil é um sinal de risco para os desvios no desenvolvimento infantil e na saúde mental associados a distúrbios sustenta- dos na interação pais-bebê. Para este estudo, expandiuse a formação de um grupo de pediatras, médicos de família e outros profissionais do primeiro nível de um centro de saúde numa área de alta vulnerabilidade social, utilizando uma perspectiva interdisciplinar do impacto das interações precoces no neurodesenvolvimento e na saúde psicoemocional dos primeiros anos de vida, juntamente com a aplicação de um instrumento validado internacio- nalmente para a detecção de abstinência (escala ADBB, Alarme Détresse Bébé, Guedeney 2001) e estratégias para promover habilidades sociais infan- tis durante o controle pediátrico. Objetivo: do estudo foi avaliar o efeito dessa abordagem no acompanhamento pediátrico de um grupo de lactentes por meio da detecção de abstinência e comparálo com outro grupo atendido no mesmo centro de saúde, más sem utilizar a abordagem proposta. Material e Métodos: a abstinência com ADBB foi detectada em 101 lactentes com idades entre 2 e 11 meses filmados em controles pediátricos durante 2016-2017 num Centro de Saúde Pública em Montevidéu. No total, 58 tiveram acompanhamento pediátrico com quatro pediatras e um médico de família e receberam a abordagem proposta e foram avaliados com o ADBB em dois estágios, entre 2 e 5 meses e entre 8 e 11 meses de idade. Os 43 restantes compareceram ao controle pediátrico habitual no centro de saúde e foram avaliados com ADBB entre 8 e 11 meses. Todos os lactentes foram avaliados com o ADBB por especialistas independentes. Resultados: dos 58 lactentes tratados com a abordagem proposta, 22% apresentaram abstinência entre 2 e 5 meses e 14% entre 8 e 11 meses. No grupo atendido em check-ups pediátricos regulares sem a abordagem proposta, 53% de desistência (retraimiento) foi detectada entre 8 e 11 meses de idade (p <0,001). Conclusões: a detecção precoce da abstinência, aliada a estratégias de promoção de habilidades sociais infantis durante o acompanhamento pediá- trico, poderia favorecer uma perspectiva de saúde mais abrangente e preventiva, com foco no cuidado do neurodesenvolvimento e da saúde mental infantil desde o primeiro nível de saúde.

Local models of fractional quantum Hall states in lattices and physical implementation.

The fractional quantum Hall effect is one of the most striking phenomena in condensed matter physics. It is described by a simple Laughlin wavefunction and has been thoroughly studied both theoretically and experimentally. In lattice systems, however, much less is currently known, and only few models and mechanisms leading to it have been identified. Here we propose a new way of constructing lattice Hamiltonians with local interactions and fractional quantum Hall like ground states. In particular, we obtain a spin 1/2 model with a bosonic Laughlin-like ground state, displaying a variety of topological features. We also demonstrate how such a model naturally emerges out of a Fermi-Hubbard-like model at half filling, in which the kinetic energy part possesses bands with non-zero Chern number, and we show how this model can be implemented in an optical lattice setup with present or planned technologies.

Landau levels and Riemann zeros.

The number N(E) of complex zeros of the Riemann zeta function with positive imaginary part less than E is the sum of a "smooth" function N[over ](E) and a "fluctuation." Berry and Keating have shown that the asymptotic expansion of N[over ](E) counts states of positive energy less than E in a "regularized" semiclassical model with classical Hamiltonian H=xp. For a different regularization, Connes has shown that it counts states "missing" from a continuum. Here we show how the "absorption spectrum" model of Connes emerges as the lowest Landau level limit of a specific quantum-mechanical model for a charged particle on a planar surface in an electric potential and uniform magnetic field. We suggest a role for the higher Landau levels in the fluctuation part of N(E).

Prevalencia de niveles séricos de haptoglobina en bovinos adultos, de cuatro hatos de Antioquia / Prevalence of serum haptoglobin levels in adult bovines in four herds of Antioquia

En el período comprendido entre octubre de 1999 y febrero de 2000, en cuatro hatos de las razas Holstein y BON x Holstein, en el Departamento de Antioquia, se determinó los niveles séricos deHaptoglobina (Hp) por la prueba de ELISA. La prevalencia de los valores de Hp en los animales de este estudio, en las Haciendas El Progreso, La Montaña, La Alborada y Las Aguilas, varió de menor de 0.125 a 0.299, de menor 0.125 a 1.77, de menor de 0.125 a 1.18 y de 0.13 a 1.67 mg/ml respectivamente. El 46.25 por ciento de los animales (37/80), presentó niveles de Hp inferiores a 0.125 mg/ml, de éstos, el 78.37 por ciento (29/37) tuvo aparente normalidad clínica y el 21.62 por ciento (8/37) mostró síntomas clínicos como metritis, neumonía, papiloma ulcerado, traqueitis, úlcera de la suela y necrobacilosis interdigital. El 53.75 por ciento de las vacas (43/80) presentó niveles mayores a 0.125 mg/ml, de las cuales el 72.1 por ciento (31/43) mostró aparente normalidad clínica al momento del exámen, el 4.65 por ciento (2/43), tenían otra alteración, uno de ellos fiebre el día anterior y el otro reacción alérgica en piel, el 23.25 por ciento (10/43) tuvo alteración en algún parámetro clínico como frecuencia cardíaca, frecuencia respiratoria o temperatura.

Influencia del método de desparafinación y el tiempo de almacenamiento en la extracción de DNA a partir de tejidos de archivo / Influence of the metod of dewaxing and the time of storage in DNA's extraction from stored tissues

Los tejidos fijados en formalina y embebidos en parafina son un material de incalculable valor para estudios retrospectivos que requieran aplicar el análisis molecular a muestras clínicas de archivo. Sin embargo, la extracción del DNA a partir de este material consume mucho tiempo y los reactivos usados pueden contribuir a su fragmentación y contaminación, dificultando de esta forma su uso para pruebas moleculares. En este trabajo se analizaron cuatro métodos de desparafinación y su efecto sobre la cantidad y calidad del DNA. Todos los métodos mostraron una alta fragmentación del DNA, con amplificación de fragmentos de tamaños menores a 200 pb. El método de microondas fue el único que permitió amplificación de fragmentos de mayor tamaño, además de presentar la ventaja de su simplicidad, poco tiempo de ejecución y bajo costo. El tiempo de almacenamiento influyó, obteniéndose amplificación hasta 6 años y no en muestras almacenadas 10 años.

Formaline-fixed and paraffin wax embedded tissues are an invaluable source for retrospectives molecular analysis with clinical correlation. However, DNA extraction from this type of material demands a prolonged time and the DNA is often highly fragmented and contaminated by protein agents, making it inadequate for molecular purposes. Four methods to deparaffinization are tested and compared the quality and quantity to DNA obtained. All techniques lead to DNA degradation but only short sequences can be amplified, less than 200 bases in all methods. The most efficient method uses a microwave to melt the wax. This method was quick, straighforward, cheaper and effective to amplify fragments the 450 pb. The time of storage influenced, with amplification to specimens to 6 years and not in samples stored 10 years