[Unilateral hilar enlargement in sarcoidosis--case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. / Einseitige Hilusvergrösserung bei Sarkoidose.

Case report on unilateral hilar enlargement in sarcoidosis is given and the literature is reviewed. The diagnostic kriteria of angiography in these cases is discussed. Key words: Sarcoidosis, unilateral hilar enlargement, bronchialarteriography, lung szintigramm.

Preparation of fish protein isolate and hydrolyzate (Mugil cephalus) and their incorporation into Mexican foods.

Fish protein isolates (FPI) and hydrolyzates (FPH) were obtained from mullet (Mugil cephalus) through alkali solubilization and HCl precipitation for FPI, as well as enzymatic hydrolysis for FPH. The powdered products showed solubilities of 50 and 89%, and emulsifying capacities of 36 and 39 ml oil/100 mg for FPI and FPH, respectively, with protein contents of 90% and oil contents lower than 1.6%. Both products were used to enrich cereals and legumes in order to increase their protein content and quality. The resulting mixtures were used to prepare common Mexican dishes. When up to 20 and 35% of the total protein was provided by FPI and FPH, respectively, the dishes were well accepted by 70% of the panel.

Dental benign cementomas in three horses.

Cementoma is a very rare odontogenic neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. Clinically, in 3 horses, multiple bony enlargements of the upper and lower jaw extending into the oral cavity were observed. Radiographically, multiple, well-circumscribed, radiopaque masses surrounding the roots of the upper and lower incisors or an upper premolar tooth were present. Due to malocclusion and local pain, single teeth were extracted in each case. Grossly, a hard grayish-white mass surrounding the root of the incisors and the premolars was identified. Histopathologically, the tumors consisted of excessive deposition of cementum-like tissue. Cells, resembling cementoblasts, lined irregularly shaped lacunae, which were present in the tumor tissue, and showed minimal cellular pleomorphism. Mitotic figures were not present. Macroscopically and histologically, all 3 equine cases displayed great similarities to cementomas in other species. However, due to their high degree of differentiation, hypercementosis must be considered as a differential diagnosis.

[The lung in heart diseases]. / Die Lunge bei Herzerkrankungen.

The effects of "hypocirculation" and "hypercirculation" of the lungs are small. Hypocirculation has an influence of the ventilation/perfusion ratio, and can thus contribute to hypocapnia. In the early stages, hypercirculation--in particular via a left-to-right shung, leads to an increase in diffusion capacity; after a course of many years, a "counter-situation" occurs. Progressive pulmonary hypertension, as is exemplified for mitral stenosis, leads to measurable restrictive and obstructive impairment of function, and possible to unspecific hyper-reaction, as also, over the long-term, to a diminishement in membrane diffusion capacity. Chronic left heart failure is characterised by interstitial oedema at the level of the alveolar and bronchial capillary beds. The results are measurable restrictions in the static volumes, and in particular of the obstruction parameters and the closing volume that involve the small airways. In the individual case, no statement as to the extent of left heart failure is possible. In the passive pulmonary hypertension phase, diffusion capacity increases; in the further course of the disease, with development of interstitial and alveolar oedema, it decreases again. In acute left heart failure, the persistance and/or extent of pulmonary oedema is not determined solely by the magnitude of the pulmonary venous pressure. Permeability oedema--brought about by mediators--would appear to be significant on the basis of animal experiments. Not infrequently, left cardiac failure leads to small pleural effusions which occur in combination with substantial atelectasia, the aetiology of which is unclear. Interpretation difficulties are caused by the clinical findings and function-analytical data obtained in patients with a combination of chronic lung disease and reducted volume storage capacity of the pulmonary circulation and of the left heart failure, a common situation in the elderly patient. Diminished pulmonary function parameters that fail to adequate respond to bronchodilators may be an expression of left ventricular failure.

[Modification of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity to cold air hyperventilation and carbachol by nedocromil and budesonide]. / Beeinflussung der unspezifischen bronchialen Hyperreagibilität auf Kaltlufthyperventilation und Carbachol durch Nedrocromil und Budenosid.

In a double blind crossover trial we compared the effect of a four week treatment with inhaled nedocromil (4 x 4 mg/d) or budesonide (2 x 400 micrograms/d by spacer) on non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to cold air hyperventilation (CHV) and carbachol. 15 persons with clinically mild asthma, who showed a more than 50% decrease in sG(aw) after CHV were randomly allocated to treatment groups. A double dummy technique was applied. Before and after both treatment periods, which were separated by an out wash period of four weeks, BHR to isocapnic cold air hyperventilation and carbachol was determined on two consecutive days. 13 persons completed the study. Maximum percentual drop of sG(aw-) and FEV1-values after CHV, the number of steps of carbachol-provocation carried out to reach a decrease in sGaw of at least 50% and the calculated cumulative breath units (CBU) of carbachol to cause a 50% (20%) decrease in sG(aw) (FEV1) were assessed. Peak-flow values were registered throughout the study. Data were compared by means of Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-ranks test. After budesonide most parameter showed a significant decrease of BHR (CHV: sG(aw) p < 0.1; FEV1 p < 0.05; Carbachol: provocation-steps: p < 0.05; CBU: PD50 sG(aw) p < 0.05; PD20 FEV1 p < 0.05). There was no evidence for an influence of nedocromil on BHR (p-values all > 0.2). Comparing both treatments there was a difference in favour of budesonide partly reaching significance at 5% level. Budesonide but not nedocromil treatment showed a significant increase in peak-flow values (morning p < 0.02, evening p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Radiographic signs of cor pulmonale (author's transl)]. / Möglichkeiten und Grenzen bei der Diagnostik des chronischen Cor pulmonale im konventionellen Röntgenbild

The pulmonary artery pressure of 47 patients was compared with radiological criteria of pulmonary hypertension: in rest and exercise. The diameter of the truncus intermediul is the only measurable criterium. A diameter larger than or equal to 18 mm is an indication for latent or manifest cor pulmonale. If the diameter is less than or equal to 15 mm a pulmonary hypertension is improbably. Additional findings (primary pulmonary disease, diameter of the truncus pulmonalis, loss of lung vessel structure in the periphery, marked reduction in vessel caliber--graded 0-3) leads to the diagnosis of manifest cor pulmonale on the basis of routine x-ray of the chest. The differentiation between manifest and latent cor pulmonale ist possible in most cases. An overestimation of the primary lung disease, particularly by fibrosis, may mistead from the correct diagnosis.

[Alveolitis after inhalation of leather-impregnation spray (author's transl)]. / Alveolitis nach Lederspray-Inhalation.

After inhalation of leather-impregnation sprays in a confined space five patients developed acute and severe symptoms of alveolitis, with disorders of ventilation and diffusion as well as marked radiological changes. In one case without any treatment pulmonary fibrosis developed. In the other four immediate administrations of steroids produced complete healing. Inhalation of small amounts of leather-impregnation spray produced no changes in pulmonary function tests in volunteers. There were no similarities with forms of alveolitis produced by other noxious inhalation agents.

[Bronchospasmolysis with Atroven (SCH 1.000) (author's transl)]. / Bronchospasmolyse mit Atrovent

A study was performed to evaluate the influence of Atrovent (SCH 1.000) and Ephedrine on the bronchial resistance in patients with obstructive airway diseases. The inhalation of SCH 1.000 was followed by a significant decrease in resistance reaching a maximum of 49.1% and lasting for four hours post inhalation. Ephedrine tablets were comparatively less effective. The second part of our study concerns the cardiovascular reaction of patients with coronary artery diseases after inhalation of SCH 1.000. Side effects involving the cardiovascular system due to inhalation therapy with SCH 1.000 were not registered. Atrovent is recommended as an excellent bronchodilator drug especially in patients with underlying coronary artery disease or tachycardial arrhythmias.

[The effect of Tropaacidester Sch 1000 on respiratory resistance (author's transl)]. / Therapie der obstruktiven Atemwegerkrankung mit einem Atropinderivat (Sch 1000)

The effect of Tropaacidester Sch 1000 on respiratory resistance, intrathoracical volume, peripheral blood pressure, and heart frequency over a period of 24 hours were examined in ten patients suffering from obstructive respiratory diseases. Compared with placebo 2 puffs of Sch 1000 administered 6 times significantly decreased respiratory resistance. The bronchodilatatory effects of Sch 1000 and Orciprenalin seemed to be almost identical. Side effects after application of Sch 1000 have not been observed.

[The effect of dopamin on the microcirculation on the pancreas in hemorrhagic-shock (author's transl)]. / Die Wirkung von Dopamin im hämorrhagischen Schock auf die Durchblutung des Pankreas

The influence of Dopamine on microcirculation during hemorrhagic shock was investigated by means of the pancreas chamber technique (HEISIG, 1967). Parameter of microcirculation was the corpuscular flow velocity measured with the "flying spot" method. Simultaneously arterial and venous blood pressure, heart rate, blood gases and pH-status were registered. While a Dopamine-dosage of 5 mug/kg/min did not markedly effect perfusion of the pancreas, application of 10 as well as 20 mug/kg/min Dopamine caused a significant improvement of microcirculation. There was no difference between 10 and 20 mug/kg/min Dopamine. The increase of capillary perfusion can certainly not be explained by the small rise of blood pressure that was found under treatment with Dopamine. The results support the statement of the existence of Dopamine-specific receptors in pancreatic vessels. Compared to a group of animals treated with 5 mug/kg/min Dopamine and an untreated control group, survival rate of animals treated with 10 as well as 20 mug/kg/min Dopamine was significantly increased.

A kinetic study of lung DNA-synthesis during simulated chronic high altitude hypoxia.

Rats were exposed to crhonic hypobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 4250 m for 3, 6, 9, 12, 20, and 35 days. The in-vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the DNA of lung tissue was measured and compared with that of normoxic controls: the obtained time course study showed a maximum increase of 345% on the ninth day of hypoxia, indicating a marked stimulation of cellular proliferation. Between the 12th and 20th day of hypoxia, the lung DNA-synthesis reached control values. No significant change in the DNA-concentration of the lungs was registered. The response to hypoxia was less impressive in rat livers used as controls.

Alterations of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary cyclic nucleotide metabolism in the hypoxic pig.

Hypoxia leads to an elevation of the pulmonary vascular resistance (pvR) in pigs. This alteration of the hemodynamic was accompanied by a slight increase of intraparenchymatous concentrations of cyclic GMP (cGMP), while cycle AMP (cAMP) levels were not different from values, measured during normoxia. beta-adrenergic agents are potent inhibitors of the hypoxia induced vasoconstriction. This effect was associated with an increase of intraparenchymatous cAMP-concentrations and a decrease of cGMP-levels. The regression analysis between pvR versus the ratio cGMP/cAMP revealed a significant linear correlation. These data may indicate, that cAMP and cGMP are involved in hypoxia induced vasoconstriction and its pharmacological inhibition.