Adaptive Clustering of Users in Power Domain NOMA.

By enabling multiple non-orthogonal transmissions, power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) potentially increases a system's spectral efficiency. This technique can become an alternative for future generations of wireless communication networks. The efficiency of this method fundamentally depends on two previous processing steps: an appropriate grouping of users (transmission candidates) as a function of the channel gains and the choice of power levels that will be used to transmit each signal. Thus far, the solutions presented in the literature to address the problems of user clustering and power allocation do not consider the dynamics of communication systems, i.e., the temporal variation in the number of users and the channel conditions. In order to consider these dynamic characteristics in the clustering of users in NOMA systems, this work proposes a new clustering technique based on a modification of the DenStream evolutionary algorithm, chosen for its evolutionary capacity, noise robustness and online processing. We evaluated the performance of the proposed clustering technique considering, for simplicity, the use of an already widely known power allocation strategy called improved fractional strategy power allocation (IFSPA). The results show that the proposed clustering technique can follow the system dynamics, clustering all users and favoring the uniformity of the transmission rate between the clusters. Compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) systems, the proposed model's gain was approximately 10%, obtained on a challenging communication scenario for NOMA systems since the channel model adopted does not favor a large difference in the channel gains between users.

Beetle bioluminescence outshines extant aerial predators.

We understand very little about the timing and origins of bioluminescence, particularly as a predator avoidance strategy. Understanding the timing of its origins, however, can help elucidate the evolution of this ecologically important signal. Using fireflies, a prevalent bioluminescent group where bioluminescence primarily functions as aposematic and sexual signals, we explore the origins of this signal in the context of their potential predators. Divergence time estimations were performed using genomic-scale datasets providing a robust estimate for the origin of firefly bioluminescence as both a terrestrial and as an aerial signal. Our results recover the origin of terrestrial beetle bioluminescence at 141.17 (122.63-161.17) Ma and firefly aerial bioluminescence at 133.18 (117.86-152.47) Ma using a large dataset focused on Lampyridae; and terrestrial bioluminescence at 148.03 (130.12-166.80) Ma, with the age of aerial bioluminescence at 104.97 (99.00-120.90) Ma using a complementary Elateroidea dataset. These ages pre-date the origins of all known extant aerial predators (i.e. bats and birds) and support much older terrestrial predators (assassin bugs, frogs, ground beetles, lizards, snakes, hunting spiders and harvestmen) as the drivers of terrestrial bioluminescence in beetles. These ages also support the hypothesis that sexual signalling was probably the original function of this signal in aerial fireflies.

Uniform trichromacy in Alouatta caraya and Alouatta seniculus: behavioural and genetic colour vision evaluation.

Primate colour vision depends on a matrix of photoreceptors, a neuronal post receptoral structure and a combination of genes that culminate in different sensitivity through the visual spectrum. Along with a common cone opsin gene for short wavelengths (sws1), Neotropical primates (Platyrrhini) have only one cone opsin gene for medium-long wavelengths (mws/lws) per X chromosome while Paleotropical primates (Catarrhini), including humans, have two active genes. Therefore, while female platyrrhines may be trichromats, males are always dichromats. The genus Alouatta is inferred to be an exception to this rule, as electrophysiological, behavioural and molecular analyses indicated a potential for male trichromacy in this genus. However, it is very important to ascertain by a combination of genetic and behavioural analyses whether this potential translates in terms of colour discrimination capability. We evaluated two howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.), one male A. caraya and one female A. seniculus, using a combination of genetic analysis of the opsin gene sequences and a behavioral colour discrimination test not previously used in this genus. Both individuals completed the behavioural test with performances typical of trichromatic colour vision and the genetic analysis of the sws1, mws, and lws opsin genes revealed three different opsin sequences in both subjects. These results are consistent with uniform trichromacy in both male and female, with presumed spectral sensitivity peaks similar to Catarrhini, at ~ 430 nm, 532 nm, and 563 nm for S-, M- and L-cones, respectively.

Acute oral treatment with resveratrol and Lactococcus Lactis Subsp. Lactis decrease body weight and improve liver proinflammatory markers in C57BL/6 mice.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol, a nutraceutical polyphenol, and Lactococcus lactis (bacteria probiotic), on metabolic parameters and hepatic proinflammatory markers expression. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: Standard (ST), Lactococcus lactis (LL), Resveratrol (RSV), and Lactococcus lactis plus resveratrol (LL + RSV). Lactococcus lactis and resveratrol were administered by orogastric gavage. Blood parameters were assessed (total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST). IL-6 mRNA expression was evaluated by Real-time PCR and TNF-α protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The main findings showed that resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis association decreased body weight, aspartate aminotransferase and total cholesterol levels. LL and LL + RSV decreased triglycerides levels and IL-6 and TNF-α expression. These results open a perspective of using resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis to improve metabolic parameters and Lactococcus lactis in preventing inflammation and the hepatic diseases development.

Pseudorandom full-field electroretinograms reflect different light adaptation mechanisms.

PURPOSE: To investigate the magnitude and time course of pseudorandom ffERG during light adaptation. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects (26 ± 10.1 years) underwent 20 min of dark adaptation, and then the ffERG was evoked by pseudorandom flash sequences (4 ms per flash, 3 cd.s/m2) driven by m-sequences (210-1 stimulus steps) using Veris Science software and a Ganzfeld dome over a constant field of light adaptation (30 cd/m2). The base period of the m-sequence was 50 ms. Each stimulation sequence lasting 40 s was repeated at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min of light adaptation. Relative amplitude and latency (corrected by values found at 0 min) of the three components (N1, P1, and N2) of first-order (K1) and first slice of the second-order (K2.1) kernel at 5 time points were evaluated. An exponential model was fitted to the mean amplitude and latency data as a function of the light adaptation duration to estimate the time course (τ) of the light adaptation for each component. Repeated one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test was applied to the amplitude and latency data, considering significant values of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Regarding the K1 ffERG, N1 K1, P1 K1, and N2 K1 presented an amplitude increase as a function of the light adaptation (N1 K1 τ value = 2.66 min ± 4.2; P1 K1 τ value = 2.69 min ± 2.10; and N2 K1 τ value = 3.49 min ± 2.96). P1 K1 and N2 K1 implicit time changed as a function of the light adaptation duration (P1 K1 τ value = 3.61 min ± 5.2; N2 K1 τ value = 3.25 min ± 4.8). N1 K1 had small implicit time changes during the light adaptation. All the K2,1 components also had nonsignificant changes in amplitude and implicit time during the light adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudorandom ffERGs showed different mechanisms of adaptation to retinal light. Our results suggest that K1 ffERG is generated by retinal mechanisms with intermediate- to long-term light adaptation, while K2.1 ffERG is generated by retinal mechanism with fast light adaptation course.

A Survey About Real-Time Location Systems in Healthcare Environments.

Every year healthcare organizations suffer from several issues, such as unapropriated workflow, thousands of deaths caused by medical errors, counterfeit drugs, and increasing costs. To offer better patient care and increase profit, hospitals could adopt solutions that help remedy these problems. Real-Time Location Systems have the potential to deal with many of these issues, as well as offering means for developing new and intelligent solutions. This kind of system enables tracking assets and people, allowing several improvements. Even though the benefits of such solutions are well known and desired by healthcare providers, their large scale adoption is still distant. In this article, we surveyed Real-Time Location Systems usage in hospitals. While developing this survey, we observed a need for organizing important aspects of healthcare-oriented Real-Time Location Systems. Therefore, we analyzed challenges regarding this topic and a taxonomy proposed. This survey offers researchers and developers ways to comprehend the challenges surrounding this area while proposing a classification of aspects that a Real-Time Location System for healthcare environments must assess for it to be successful.

Visual evoked cortical potential elicited by pseudoisochromatic stimulus.

PURPOSE: Visual evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) are useful for investigating the mechanisms and dysfunctions of color vision. Chromatic sinusoidal gratings are generally used to elicit VECPs, but they require long psychophysical measurements to match the perceptual luminance between their stripes. An alternative method is to use pseudoisochromatic stimuli, which makes use of luminance noise to mask luminance clues and force the target perception to be dependent on chromatic contrast. In this study, we compared VECPs generated by sinusoidal gratings and pseudoisochromatic gratings. Contrary to chromatic sinusoidal gratings, pseudoisochromatic stimuli do not require the use of previous methods to find the equiluminance of the stimulus. METHODS: Normal trichromats were recruited to be tested with red-green chromatic sinusoidal gratings and pseudoisochromatic gratings presented by pattern onset-offset and pattern reversal modes in five spatial frequencies. In addition, we also tested four different chromatic contrast pairs in pattern onset-offset mode presentation in five trichromats and one colorblind subject (deuteranope). RESULTS: Pattern onset-offset VECPs elicited by sinusoidal gratings had a larger amplitude than those obtained with pseudoisochromatic stimuli, whereas pattern reversal VECPs elicited by pseudoisochromatic gratings had similar amplitudes compared to those elicited by sinusoidal gratings. We found no difference between the VECP amplitudes elicited by sinusoidal and pseudoisochromatic gratings containing different chromatic contrast. Color-blind subjects displayed absent or small responses to the stimuli. CONCLUSION: Pseudoisochromatic stimulus can be an alternative stimulus to generate VECPs dominated by the chromatic mechanism.

Mercury exposure of children living in Amazonian villages: influence of geographical location where they lived during prenatal and postnatal development.

INTRODUCTION: In some Amazonian river basins, hair mercury concentration is above the recommended levels. We evaluated the influence of birth geographical location in the hair mercury level of Amazonian riverine children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hair mercury concentration was measured in 219 children living in four Amazonian riverine communities: Tapajós River (São Luiz do Tapajós and Barreiras villages, n = 110), Tocantins River (Limoeiro do Ajurú village, n = 61), and Caeté River (Caratateua village, n = 48). We used Poisson regression analysis to evaluate the association between native and non-native children from each village and its hair mercury concentration. RESULTS: Higher mercury exposure was found in native children from São Luiz do Tapajós (range = 0.81-22.38 µg/g) followed by native children from Barreiras (range = 0.48-13.46 µg/g), non-native children from São Luiz do Tapajós (range = 0.26-22.18 µg/g), non-native children from Barreiras (range = 0.43-20.76 µg/g), followed by the children from Caeté and Tocantins river basins. We observed that Tapajós villages' native children had higher prevalence of mercury exposure children than other children (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Birth geographical location has association to mercury levels in the hair of children who lived in a same community with history of mercury exposure.

Pathway-specific light adaptation in human electroretinograms.

The cellular origins of slow ERG changes during light adaptation following a dark-adapted state are still unclear. To study light adaptation, six healthy, normal trichromats were dark-adapted for 30 min prior to full-field ERG recordings to sinusoidal stimuli that isolate responses of the L- or M-cones or that stimulate luminance and chromatic mechanisms at 12 or 36 Hz. Recordings were performed for 16 min with 2-min intervals after onset of a constant background. Generally, the responses were sine-wave-like, and the first harmonic (fundamental) component dominated the Fourier spectrum except for the 12-Hz luminance stimulus in which two components, a sine-wave-like component and a transient component, determined the response profiles, leading to large second harmonic components. The amplitude of the first harmonic component (F) increased as a function of the light-adaptation time except for the 12-Hz luminance stimulus at which the F component decreased as a function of the light-adaptation period. The phase of the first harmonic component changed only slightly (less than 30°) during the light-adaptation period for all stimuli conditions. The L/M ratio in luminance reflecting ERGs decreased with increasing adaptation time. Our present data suggest that the light-adaptation process mainly reflects changes in the luminance pathway. The responses to 12-Hz luminance stimuli are determined by two different luminance driven pathways with different adaptation characteristics.

Population Dynamics of Thermotolerant Campylobacter in Broilers Reared on Reused Litter.

A study using sentinel broiler chickens was performed to address Campylobacter persistence in litter that was reused for successive flocks. Cloacal swabs, litter, drag swabs, darkling beetles, feed, and drinking water were weekly sampled and analyzed by standard microbiological procedures. Thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated strains were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. Campylobacter was not detected in samples collected immediately after downtime between broiler flocks. However, Campylobacter-positive samples were first detected at 21 d. After Campylobacter was initially isolated from the cloacal swabs, reused litter, drag swabs, or darkling beetles, these samples remained Campylobacter positive in the following weeks until the end of the rearing period. Campylobacter-positive cloacal swabs obtained from sentinel broilers ranged from 97.3% to 100% at 42 d. All isolated strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni. Among the subtypes identified, an indistinguishable C. jejuni strain was predominant in sentinel broilers and was also detected in the other environmental samples analyzed, suggesting a common and persistent contamination source within the flocks. Sentinel broilers may have contributed to amplify the Campylobacter level, maintaining flock and broiler house contamination until the end of the production cycle.

Analysis of Spectral Sensing Using Angle-Time Cyclostationarity.

This work presents a novel spectral sensing method for the detection of signals presenting nonlinear phase variation over time. The introduced method is based on the angle-time cyclostationarity theory, which applies transformations to the signal to be sensed in order to mitigate the effects of nonlinear phase variation. The architecture is employed for sensing binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals, being also compared with time cyclostationarity. The obtained simulation results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, while presenting improved performance in terms of the detection rate of primary users increased by about 8 dB.

Variance-Triggered Two-Step GPS Acquisition.

The acquisition is the most time-consuming step performed by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The objective is to detect which satellites are transmitting and what are the phase and Doppler frequency shift of the signal. It is the step with the highest computational complexity, especially for signals subjected to large Doppler shifts. Improving acquisition performance has a large impact on the overall performance of the GNSS reception. In this paper, we present a two-step Global Positioning System (GPS) acquisition algorithm whose first step performs an incremental correlation to find a coarse pair of phase and frequency and the second step, triggered by the variance of the largest correlation values, refines the first step. The proposed strategy, based on the conventional time-domain serial algorithm, reduces the average execution time of the acquisition process to about 1/5 of the conventional acquisition while keeping the same modest logic hardware requirements and slightly better success and false-positive rates. Additionally, the new method reduces memory usage by a factor that is proportional to the signal's sampling frequency. All these advantages over conventional acquisition contribute together to significantly improve the overall performance and cost of GPS receivers.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolated from Human and Poultry-Related Samples in Brazil: 20-Year Meta-Analysis.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella are one of the leading causes of foodborne diseases in the world. As poultry products are recognized as main sources of human salmonellosis, nontyphoidal Salmonella control has become a global issue for the poultry industry. The increasing antimicrobial resistance in poultry-related nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars is a global matter of concern. By monitoring the evolution of antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatments can be identified and possible restrictions in the treatment of systemic human salmonellosis foreseen. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the profile and temporal evolution of the antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella of poultry and human origin in Brazil, isolated in the period from 1995 to 2014. Four databases were researched; twenty-nine articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. In the nontyphoidal isolates of poultry origin, the highest levels of antimicrobial resistance were verified for sulfonamides (44.3%), nalidixic acid (42.5%), and tetracycline (35.5%). In the human-origin isolates, the resistance occurred mainly for sulfonamides (46.4%), tetracycline (36.9%), and ampicillin (23.6%). Twenty-two articles described results of antimicrobial resistance specifically for Salmonella Enteritidis, also enabling the individual meta-analysis of this serovar. For most antimicrobials, the resistance levels of Salmonella Enteritidis were lower than those found when considering all the nontyphoidal serovars. In the poultry-origin isolates, a quadratic temporal distribution was observed, with reduced resistance to streptomycin in Salmonella Enteritidis and in all nontyphoidal serovars, and a linear increase of resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella Enteritidis. In the human-origin isolates, a linear increase was identified in the resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella Enteritidis and in all the nontyphoidal isolates, and to gentamicin in Salmonella Enteritidis. Continuous monitoring of the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance could support the measurement of the consequences on poultry and human health.

Video Synchronization With Bit-Rate Signals and Correntropy Function.

We propose an approach for the synchronization of video streams using correntropy. Essentially, the time offset is calculated on the basis of the instantaneous transfer rates of the video streams that are extracted in the form of a univariate signal known as variable bit-rate (VBR). The state-of-the-art approach uses a window segmentation strategy that is based on consensual zero-mean normalized cross-correlation (ZNCC). This strategy has an elevated computational complexity, making its application to synchronizing online data streaming difficult. Hence, our proposal uses a different window strategy that, together with the correntropy function, allows the synchronization to be performed for online applications. This provides equivalent synchronization scores with a rapid offset determination as the streams come into the system. The efficiency of our approach has been verified through experiments that demonstrate its viability with values that are as precise as those obtained by ZNCC. The proposed approach scored 81 % in time reference classification against the equivalent 81 % of the state-of-the-art approach, requiring much less computational power.

Adaptive Wavelet Coding Applied in a Wireless Control System.

Wireless control systems can sense, control and act on the information exchanged between the wireless sensor nodes in a control loop. However, the exchanged information becomes susceptible to the degenerative effects produced by the multipath propagation. In order to minimize the destructive effects characteristic of wireless channels, several techniques have been investigated recently. Among them, wavelet coding is a good alternative for wireless communications for its robustness to the effects of multipath and its low computational complexity. This work proposes an adaptive wavelet coding whose parameters of code rate and signal constellation can vary according to the fading level and evaluates the use of this transmission system in a control loop implemented by wireless sensor nodes. The performance of the adaptive system was evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) versus E b / N 0 and spectral efficiency, considering a time-varying channel with flat Rayleigh fading, and in terms of processing overhead on a control system with wireless communication. The results obtained through computational simulations and experimental tests show performance gains obtained by insertion of the adaptive wavelet coding in a control loop with nodes interconnected by wireless link. These results enable the use of this technique in a wireless link control loop.

Influence of retinopathy on the achromatic and chromatic vision of patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Luminance contrast sensitivity and colour vision are considered to have great predictive value in the evaluation of type 2 diabetic retinopathy. However, these two visual characteristics have seldom been investigated in the same group of patients. In the present study we measured contrast sensitivity and colour vision in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes and correlated the results with estimates of common metabolic markers for the disease. A subgroup of the patients had no clinical signs of retinopathy. METHODS: The vision of 27 patients (n = 50 eyes) with type 2 diabetes, with retinopathy (n = 20 eyes), or without retinopathy (n = 30 eyes) were evaluated using two psychophysical tests, the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test (FM 100), and measurements of the luminance contrast sensitivity at 11 spatial frequencies. The results were compared with measurements obtained from an age-matched control group (n = 32), and were correlated with the level of glycated haemoglobin, glycaemic level, and time of disease onset. Signs of retinopathy were identified during the ophthalmological examinations. RESULTS: Contrast sensitivity and colour vision impairments were present at different levels in diabetes patients. Eyes with retinopathy showed more severe vision loss than eyes without retinopathy. The FM 100 test was more sensitive for separation of patients from controls. Colour vision loss had no colour axes preference. The contrast sensitivity test appeared to have some advantage in differentiating patients with retinopathy from patients without retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods can be useful to follow the visual function of diabetic patients and should be used together to discriminate patients from controls, as well as to identify early signs of retinal damage.

Evidence for two types of lateral interactions in visual perception of temporal signals.

The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanisms of lateral interactions involved in flicker perception. Furthermore, the spatial properties of the monoptic and dichoptic components of these mechanisms were studied. We quantified the perceived flicker strength (PFS) in the center of a test stimulus, which was simultaneously modulated with a surround stimulus of variable size. The modulation depth of a separate stimulus, identical to the center test stimulus but without the surround, was determined using a two-alternative forced choice procedure. Using LCD goggles synchronized to the frame rate of a CRT screen, the center and surround of the test stimulus were presented either monoptically or dichoptically. In the monoptic condition, center-surround interactions have subcortical and cortical origins. In the dichoptic condition, center-surround interactions must have a cortical origin. The difference between the dichoptic and the monoptic data is an estimate of the contribution of the subcortical mechanisms. At each condition (surround stimulus size; monoptic or dichoptic presentation), the PFS was measured for phase differences between center and surround stimuli. The PFS changed systematically with phase difference. It also was observed that the PFS in the center stimulus changed merely be the presence of a surround stimulus independently of the center-surround phase difference. We propose that this is a phase-independent mechanism related to contrast adaptation owing to the presence of surround modulation. Our data suggest that both phase-dependent and -independent mechanisms have cortical and subcortical origins. There were no systematic differences between the spatial properties of subcortical and cortical components involved in PFS modulation.

Assessing the MODIS crop detection algorithm for soybean crop area mapping and expansion in the Mato Grosso state, Brazil.

Estimations of crop area were made based on the temporal profiles of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) obtained from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. Evaluation of the ability of the MODIS crop detection algorithm (MCDA) to estimate soybean crop areas was performed for fields in the Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Using the MCDA approach, soybean crop area estimations can be provided for December (first forecast) using images from the sowing period and for February (second forecast) using images from the sowing period and the maximum crop development period. The area estimates were compared to official agricultural statistics from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and from the National Company of Food Supply (CONAB) at different crop levels from 2000/2001 to 2010/2011. At the municipality level, the estimates were highly correlated, with R (2) = 0.97 and RMSD = 13,142 ha. The MCDA was validated using field campaign data from the 2006/2007 crop year. The overall map accuracy was 88.25%, and the Kappa Index of Agreement was 0.765. By using pre-defined parameters, MCDA is able to provide the evolution of annual soybean maps, forecast of soybean cropping areas, and the crop area expansion in the Mato Grosso state.

Monitoring mercury exposure in reproductive aged women inhabiting the Tapajós river basin, Amazon.

Among Amazonian communities, exposure to methylmercury is associated mainly with fish consumption that may affect fetal development in pregnant women. Therefore a temporal assessment was performed to assess the exposure of reproductive aged women to mercury who reside in the riparian communities of São Luís do Tapajós and Barreiras located in the Tapajós basin of the Brazilian Amazon from 1999 to 2012. The total mercury concentration in the 519 hair samples was assessed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Data analysis showed that the average total mercury concentration decreased from 1.066 to 0.743 µg/g in those years. In 1999 the proportion of volunteers with mercury levels ≥ 10 µg/g was approximately 68 %. In general, exposure to mercury decreased among women of reproductive age, but the potential risks to reproduction and human health is still an issue as 22 % of the woman continued showing high mercury levels (≥ 10 µg/g) in 2012.

Systematic review of the firefly genus Amydetes Illiger, 1807 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), with description of 13 new species.

A systematic review of Amydetes Illiger, 1807, based on examination of the type-material. We fix A. fastigiata Illiger, 1807 as the type-species of the genus; redescribe the genus and six out of eight species; describe 13 new species; and provide illustrations and a key to species. We place A. vigorsi Westwood, 1830 syn. n. and A. gorhami Kuntzen, 1912 syn. n. in synonymy with A. fastigiata; A. suturalis Pic, 1925 syn. n. and A. brasiliensis Pic, 1925 in synonymy with A. apicalis; and A. flavicollis Olivier, 1888 syn. n. in synonymy with A. lucioloides Olivier, 1888. We report the first record of Amydetes from Venezuela and Argentina, and establish more precise distributions of the studied species. We describe the circadian period of A. apicalis (diurnal), A. fastigiata and Amydetes bellorum sp. nov. (nocturnal) and discuss the circadian diversity of the genus. Fronto-clypeus, antenna, labrum, maxillary palpomere, prothorax, mesosternum, lanterns, abdominal segment VIII and terminalia were structures that provided important characters for delimitation and diagnosis of the species.