Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/deficiência , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Proteínas Nucleares/deficiência , Adulto , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Immunotherapy advances have been hindered by difficulties in tracking the behaviors of lymphocytes after antigen signaling. Here, we assessed the behavior of T cells active within tumors through the development of the antigen receptor signaling reporter (AgRSR) mouse, fate-mapping lymphocytes responding to antigens at specific times and locations. Contrary to reports describing the ready egress of T cells out of the tumor, we find that intratumoral antigen signaling traps CD8+ T cells in the tumor. These clonal populations expand and become increasingly exhausted over time. By contrast, antigen-signaled regulatory T cell (Treg) clonal populations readily recirculate out of the tumor. Consequently, intratumoral antigen signaling acts as a gatekeeper to compartmentalize CD8+ T cell responses, even within the same clonotype, thus enabling exhausted T cells to remain confined to a specific tumor tissue site.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Camundongos , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/imunologiaRESUMO
Cancer immunotherapy is advancing rapidly and gene-modified T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) show particular promise. A challenge of CAR-T cell therapy is that the ex vivo-generated CAR-T cells become exhausted during expansion in culture, and do not persist when transferred back to patients. It has become clear that naive and memory CD8 T cells perform better than the total CD8 T-cell populations in CAR-T immunotherapy because of better expansion, antitumor activity, and persistence, which are necessary features for therapeutic success and prevention of disease relapse. However, memory CAR-T cells are rarely used in the clinic due to generation challenges. We previously reported that mouse CD8 T cells cultured with the S enantiomer of the immunometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (S-2HG) exhibit enhanced antitumor activity. Here, we show that clinical-grade human donor CAR-T cells can be generated from naive precursors after culture with S-2HG. S-2HG-treated CAR-T cells establish long-term memory cells in vivo and show superior antitumor responses when compared with CAR-T cells generated with standard clinical protocols. This study provides the basis for a phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the activity of S-2HG-treated CD19-CAR-T cells in patients with B-cell malignancies.