RESUMO
LP strategies should be considered only in patients with resectable stage III/IV larynx and hypopharynx SCC, ideally those who have a functional larynx. The choice of treatment must be discussed by a multidisciplinary team, and the patient must have an active role in making the decision. CRT and IC-RT are both approved larynx-preservation approaches. IC-RT has demonstrated high rates of LP without decreasing DFS or OS, compared with surgery. CRT has demonstrated better LP rates, as well as local control and LRC, compared with IC-RT, and it should be considered a standard of care.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/terapia , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão/métodos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Quimiorradioterapia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/patologia , Quimioterapia de Indução , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Laringectomia/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Melanoma/terapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Mutação , Metástase Neoplásica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Urothelial cancer accounts for approximately 3% of new cancer cases worldwide, with a high burden of disease in countries with medium and low human development indexes where its incidence and mortality are increasing. The purpose of this consensus is to develop statements on the evaluation and treatment of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma that would further guide the clinical practice in Latin America. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted by an independent team of methodologists. Then, a modified Delphi method was developed with clinical specialists from different Latin American countries. RESULTS: Forty-two consensus statements, based on evidence, were developed to address the staging, the evaluation (suitability for chemotherapy, risk assessment, and biomarkers), and systemic treatment (first-line and subsequent therapies) of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The statements made in this consensus are suggested practice recommendations in the Latin American context; however, the importance of a complete and individualized patient evaluation as a guide for therapeutic selection is highlighted. The availability and affordability of support tools for the evaluation of the disease, as well as specific therapies, may limit the application of the best practices suggested. RECOMMENDATIONS: Therapeutic decisions need to be tailored to the context-specific clinical setting and availability of resources. Local research is promoted to improve outcomes for patients with this challenging cancer in Latin America.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , América Latina/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
Introduction: The survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has improved dramatically due to novel systemic treatments. However, mRCC mortality continues to rise in Latin America. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter study of patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2010-2018 in Mexico City was conducted. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of healthcare insurance on access to treatment and survival in patients with mRCC. Results: Among 924 patients, 55.4%, 42.6%, and 1.9% had no insurance (NI), social security, (SS) and private insurance (PI), respectively. De novo metastatic disease was more common in NI patients (70.9%) compared to SS (47.2%) and PI (55.6%) patients (p<0.001). According to IMDC Prognostic Index, 20.2% were classified as favorable, 49% as intermediate, and 30.8% as poor-risk disease. Access to systemic treatment differed by healthcare insurance: 36.1%, 99.5%, and 100% for the NI, SS, and PI patients, respectively (p<0.001). NI patients received fewer lines of treatment, with 24.8% receiving only one line of treatment (p<0.001). Median overall survival (OS) was 13.9 months for NI, 98.9 months for SS, and 147.6 months for NI patients (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, NI status, brain metastases, sarcomatoid features, bone metastases, no treatment were significantly associated with worse OS. Conclusion: OS in mRCC was affected by insurance availability in this resource-limited cohort of Mexican patients. These results underscore the need for effective strategies to achieve equitable healthcare access in an era of effective, yet costly systemic treatments.
RESUMO
Despite having a favorable response to platinum-based chemotherapies, ~15% of Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor (TGCT) patients are platinum-resistant. Mortality rates among Latin American countries have remained constant over time, which makes the study of this population of particular interest. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we conducted whole-exome sequencing, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, and copy number analysis of 32 tumors from a Mexican cohort, of which 18 were platinum-sensitive and 14 were platinum-resistant. We incorporated analyses of mutational burden, driver mutations, and SNV and CNV signatures. DNA breakpoints in genes were also investigated and might represent an interesting research opportunity. We observed that sensitivity to chemotherapy does not seem to be explained by any of the mutations detected. Instead, we uncovered CNVs, particularly amplifications on segment 2q11.1 as a novel variant with chemosensitivity biomarker potential. Our data shed light into understanding platinum resistance in a Latin-origin population.