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1.
Dent Traumatol ; 39(2): 173-178, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36409280

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Recent reviews of case reports have pointed out a potential connection between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a history of NSSI with TDIs in 15- to 16-year-old adolescents. METHODS: This study analysed cross-sectional data from the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey, a prospective population survey of adolescents attending state schools in East London, England. The history of NSSI was obtained using two items from the Lifestyle and Coping questionnaire (whether they have ever engaged with self-harm and the last time they engaged in such behaviours). The presence of TDIs, increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage were determined through clinical assessments by two trained dentists. Survey logistic regression was fitted to test the association of NSSI with TDIs. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as potential confounders. RESULTS: The lifetime and last-year prevalence of NSSI were 11.9% and 6.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of TDIs was 16.5%. Neither the lifetime prevalence of NSSI (OR: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.85) nor the last-year prevalence of NSSI (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.36-1.61) were associated with TDIs in regression models adjusted for confounders. CONCLUSION: This study did not support an association between history of NSSI and TDIs among adolescents aged 15-16 years old in East London.


Assuntos
Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Traumatismos Dentários , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Londres/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência
2.
Dent Traumatol ; 38(2): 129-135, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34997946

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Troublesome behaviour can lead to bodily injuries among young people, although a link with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal association between troublesome behaviour and TDIs during adolescence. METHODS: This study analysed data from phases 2 and 3 of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a longitudinal study of public secondary schools in East London. Troublesome behaviour in the past 12 months was measured with 8 items (told lies to get things from others, started fight, bullied or threatened people, stayed late outside, stole valuable things, ran away from home, played truant from school and intentionally destroyed someone else's property) from the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), when participants were 13-14 years old (Phase 2). Adolescents were dentally examined for TDIs when they were 15-16 years old (Phase 3). The association between troublesome behaviour and TDIs was tested in logistic regression models adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and oral clinical factors. RESULTS: Forty-three per cent of adolescents reported one or more troublesome behaviours at age 13-14 years, and 16% had evidence of TDIs by age 15-16 years. Adolescents who answered 'perhaps' and 'definitely' to any troublesome behaviour item had, respectively, 1.37 (95% CI: 0.62-3.00) and 1.50 (95% CI: 0.69-3.30) greater odds of having TDIs than those who answered 'no' after adjustment for confounders. Of the 8 behaviours assessed, having run away from home, bullied or threatened people, often told lies, and stolen valuable things were associated with having TDIs. CONCLUSION: This study among adolescents shows that reporting troublesome behaviour was associated with TDIs two years later. Given the wide confidence intervals for these associations, the present findings require confirmation from further longitudinal studies.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Dentários , Adolescente , Humanos , Londres , Estudos Longitudinais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia
3.
Dent Traumatol ; 37(2): 338-344, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33220120

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Studies on the association between socio-economic circumstances and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are cross-sectional and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cumulative socio-economic disadvantage and TDIs among adolescents. METHOD: Data from 668 participants in the East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS) were analysed. Family socio-economic indicators (parental employment, car ownership and eligibility for free school meals) were collected when participants were in grades 7 (11-12 years), 9 (13-14 years) and 11 (15-16 years). The number of periods (RELACHS waves) adolescents lived in socio-economic disadvantage was counted for each socio-economic measure, ranging from 0 (never in disadvantage) to 3 (always in disadvantage). Adolescents were dentally examined for TDIs at age 15-16 years. The association between each measure of cumulative socio-economic disadvantage and TDIs was tested in logistic regression models adjusting for demographic factors. RESULTS: Significant positive linear trends in the prevalence of TDIs were observed by the number of periods of parental unemployment and being without a family car, but not by eligibility for free school meals. Adolescents whose parents were always unemployed had 2.06 (95% CI: 1.12-3.80) greater odds of having TDIs than those whose parents were never unemployed. Similarly, adolescents from families that never owned a car had 2.17 (95% CI: 1.26-3.74) greater odds of having TDIs than those that always had a family car. CONCLUSION: Cumulative socio-economic disadvantage during adolescence was associated with greater odds of having TDIs.


Assuntos
Traumatismos Dentários , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Londres , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia
4.
Dent Traumatol ; 36(2): 192-197, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31667970

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: A previous cross-sectional study found that young adults with depression were more likely to have traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms during early and middle adolescence, and TDIs at age 15-16 years. METHOD: This study used longitudinal data from phases 1 and 3 of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a school-based survey following a representative, multi-ethnic sample of adolescents attending public schools in East London (England). Information on depressive symptoms was collected using the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) during early (age 11-12 years) and middle adolescence (age 15-16 years). TDIs were identified during clinical examinations in phase 3 when pupils were 15-16 years old. Logistic regression was used to test the association between depressive symptoms at different stages of adolescence and TDIs adjusting for confounders (age, gender, ethnicity, parental employment and overjet). RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were reported by 24% and 32% of adolescents in early and middle adolescence, respectively. Evidence of TDIs was found in 18% of adolescents at age 15-16 years. Adolescents with depressive symptoms, either in early or middle adolescence, had greater odds of experiencing TDIs. However, these estimates were not statistically significant. In regression models adjusted for confounders, the odds of having TDIs were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.77-1.96) and 1.23 (95% CI: 0.76-1.95) among pupils with depressive symptoms in early and middle adolescence, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was no association between depressive symptoms and TDIs in early and middle adolescents.


Assuntos
Depressão/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Adolesc ; 75: 123-129, 2019 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31382113

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether depressive symptoms at ages 9-13 years were associated with chronic disabling fatigue (CDF) at age 16 among children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. METHODS: Depressive symptoms at ages 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 years were defined as a child- or parent-completed Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) score ≥11 (range 0-26). SMFQ score was also analysed as a continuous exposure. Chronic disabling fatigue at 16 was defined as fatigue of ≥6 months' but <5 years' duration which prevented school attendance or activities, for which other causes were not identified, and with a Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire score ≥19. Logistic regression was used with multiple imputation to correct for missing data bias. We performed sensitivity analyses in which children who had CDF and depressive symptoms at age 16 were reclassified as not having CDF. RESULTS: In fully adjusted models using imputed data (N = 13,978), depressive symptoms at ages 9, 11, and 13 years were associated with 2- to 3-fold higher odds of CDF at age 16. Each one-point increase in SMFQ score at ages 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 years was associated with 6-11% higher odds of CDF at age 16. Depressive symptoms and continuous SMFQ scores at each age were not associated with CDF if the outcome was reclassified to exclude children with comorbid depressive symptoms at age 16. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms at ages 9-13 were associated with chronic disabling fatigue at age 16, but causality is not certain.


Assuntos
Depressão/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Causalidade , Criança , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/psicologia , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Am J Epidemiol ; 187(3): 474-483, 2018 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28595334

RESUMO

Public expenditure on large events such as the London 2012 Olympic Games is often justified by the potential legacy of urban regeneration and its associated health and well-being benefits for local communities. In the Olympic Regeneration in East London Study, we examined whether there was an association between urban regeneration related to the 2012 Games and improved mental health in young people. Adolescents aged 11-12 years attending schools in the Olympic host borough of Newham in London or in 3 adjacent comparison London boroughs completed a survey before the 2012 Games and 6 and 18 months after the Games (in 2013 and 2014, respectively). Changes in depressive symptoms and well-being between baseline and each follow-up were examined. A total of 2,254 adolescents from 25 randomly selected schools participated. Adolescents from Newham were more likely to have remained depressed between baseline and the 6- and 18-month follow-up surveys (for 6-month follow-up, relative risk = 1.78, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 2.83; for 18-month follow-up, relative risk = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 3.70) than adolescents from the comparison boroughs. No differences in well-being were observed. There was little evidence that urban regeneration had any positive influence on adolescent mental health and some suggestion that regeneration may have been associated with maintenance of depressive symptoms. Such programs may have limited short-term impact on the mental health of adolescents.


Assuntos
Aniversários e Eventos Especiais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Reforma Urbana/história , Adolescente , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/história , Feminino , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Instituições Acadêmicas , Esportes/história , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Occup Environ Med ; 75(3): 183-190, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29042407

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if favourable psychosocial working conditions can reduce the risk of work exit and specifically for workers with chronic disease. METHODS: Men and women (32%) aged 35-55, working and having no chronic disease at baseline of the Whitehall II study of London-based civil servants were selected (n=9040). We observed participants' exit from work through retirement, health-related exit and unemployment, new diagnosis of chronic disease (ie, coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke and cancer) and their psychosocial working conditions in midlife. Using cause-specific Cox models, we examined the association of chronic disease and favourable psychosocial working conditions and their interaction, with the three types of work exit. We adjusted for gender, occupational grade, educational level, remaining in civil service, spouse's employment status and mental health. RESULTS: Chronic disease significantly increased the risk of any type of work exit (HR 1.27) and specifically the risk of health-related exit (HR 2.42). High skill discretion in midlife reduced the risk of any type of work exit (HR 0.90), retirement (HR 0.91) and health-related exit (HR 0.68). High work social support in midlife decreased the risk of health-related exit (HR 0.79) and unemployment (HR 0.71). Favourable psychosocial working conditions in midlife did not attenuate the association between chronic disease and work exit significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The chronically ill have increased risks of work exit, especially through health-related exit routes. Chronic disease is an obstacle to extended working lives. Favourable working conditions directly relate to reduced risks of work exit.


Assuntos
Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Aposentadoria/estatística & dados numéricos , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Adulto , Doença Crônica/psicologia , Escolaridade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Psicologia , Aposentadoria/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais
8.
Acta Odontol Scand ; 76(7): 504-508, 2018 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29473771

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between illicit drug use and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among adolescents. METHOD: We used data from 618 adolescents who participated in Phases I and III of Research with East Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a longitudinal school-based study of adolescents in East London. Illicit drug use was collected when participants were 11-12 and 15-16 years old (Phases I and III, respectively). Clinical examinations for TDI were conducted in Phase III only. The association of lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use at ages 11-12 and 15-16 years with TDI was evaluated in crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: Overall, 6.3% and 25.4% of adolescents reported having ever used illicit drugs at ages 11-12 (Phase I) and 15-16 years (Phase III), respectively. Also, 8.7% of adolescents were found to have TDI at age 15-16 years. There was no significant association between lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use reported at age 11-12 years (Odds Ratio: 1.07; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.45-2.54) or age 15-16 years (OR: 1.19; 95%CI: 0.74-1.93) and TDI. CONCLUSION: This study found no support for an association between illicit drug use and TDI among adolescents from East London.


Assuntos
Drogas Ilícitas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Londres , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Prevalência
9.
Dent Traumatol ; 34(6): 438-444, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30221822

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: No comprehensive assessment of the influence of the home environment on traumatic dental injuries (TDI) has been conducted to date. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between family environment and TDI among adolescents from East London. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from 646 adolescents who participated in phase III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS). Family environment was measured with four indicators (non-nuclear family, discordant parental relationship and levels of parental support and parental punishment) measured through a self-administered questionnaire. Clinical examinations were performed for TDI, overjet and lip coverage. Logistic regression was used to test the crude and adjusted (controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors) association of each family environment characteristic with TDI prevalence. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of adolescents were from non-nuclear families, and 52.3% reported a discordant parental relationship. The mean score for parental support was -0.01 (SD: 0.90, range: -0.11 to 0.08), and the mean parental punishment score was 0.03 (SD: 0.86, range: -0.04 to 0.10). Adolescents from non-nuclear families had 1.63 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.53) greater odds of having TDI than those from nuclear families. However, this association was fully attenuated after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. The other three indicators of family environment were not associated with TDI either in crude or adjusted regression models. CONCLUSION: This study found weak evidence of an association between family environment and TDI.


Assuntos
Relações Familiares , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
10.
Dent Traumatol ; 33(2): 137-142, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27960042

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Evidence on the interplay between obesity, physical activity and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) is still inconclusive and heavily based on cross-sectional studies. The aim of this study was to explore the interrelationship of obesity and physical activity at age 11-12 years with TDI at age 15-16-years among schoolchildren from East London. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Data were analysed regarding 598 adolescents who participated in phases I and III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a longitudinal, school-based study of adolescents in East London. Participants reported their level of physical activity and their height and weight were measured to estimate body mass index Z-scores (according to the UK growth reference) when they were 11-12 years old. Oral clinical examinations were conducted to assess TDI, overjet and lip coverage when participants were 15-16 years old. The associations of obesity and physical activity with TDI were evaluated in crude and adjusted models using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 22.6% of adolescents were obese and 7.2% exercised for 7 h or more a week at baseline, while 18.1% of adolescents had experienced TDI by age 15-16 years. Physical activity (7+ hours per week) was significantly associated with TDI (odds ratio: 2.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-4.43) in the crude model. However, no significant associations were found between obesity and TDI (1.18; 95% CI: 0.72-1.93) or physical activity and TDI (1.96; 95% CI: 0.94-4.07) in adjusted models. CONCLUSION: This study found no evidence of any associations of obesity and physical activity with TDI among adolescents from East London.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
11.
Dent Traumatol ; 32(5): 361-6, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26909522

RESUMO

AIM: To explore the association between alcohol consumption at age 11-12 years and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) at age 15-16 years. METHODS: Data of 635 adolescents who participated in phases I and III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a longitudinal school-based survey of a representative sample of adolescents from East London, were used for this study. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol consumption was obtained from questionnaires in phase I when adolescents were 11-12 years of age. Data on TDI and clinical characteristics (incisor overjet and lip coverage) were taken from clinical examination in phase III when adolescents were 15-16 years of age. The association between (lifetime and last month) alcohol consumption and TDI was assessed in crude and adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS: Overall, 14.5% of adolescents had ever consumed alcohol and 3.5% had consumed alcohol the month before the baseline survey, whereas 17% of adolescents had experienced TDI by age 15-16 years. No significant association of alcohol consumption with TDI was seen in these adolescents for either lifetime (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.67) or last month consumption of alcohol (adjusted OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.28-2.69). CONCLUSION: This study did not support the association between alcohol use and TDI in adolescents.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas
12.
Dent Traumatol ; 32(1): 65-70, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26370292

RESUMO

AIM: To explore the relationship between problem behaviour and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among 15- to 16-year-old schoolchildren from East London. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from 794 adolescents who participated in phase III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a school-based prospective study of a representative sample of adolescents. Participants completed a questionnaire and were clinically examined for TDI, overjet and lip coverage. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess problem behaviour, which provided a total score and five domain scores (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and pro-social behaviour). The association between problem behaviour and TDI was assessed in unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models. Adjusted models controlled for demographic (sex, age and ethnicity), socio-economic (parental employment) and clinical factors (overjet and lip coverage). RESULTS: The prevalence of TDI was 17% and the prevalence of problem behaviour, according to the SDQ, was 10%. In the adjusted model, adolescents with problem behaviour were 1.87 (95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.37) times more likely to have TDI than those without problem behaviour. In subsequent analysis by SDQ domains, it was found that only peer problems were associated with TDI (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01-3.14), even after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION: This study found evidence for a relationship between problem behaviour and TDI among adolescents, which was mainly due to peer relationship problems.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamento Problema , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Grupo Associado , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
BMC Public Health ; 15: 150, 2015 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25884502

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Populations living in urban areas experience greater health inequalities as well as higher absolute burdens of illness. It is well-established that a range of social and environmental factors determine these differences. Less is known about the relative importance of these factors in determining adolescent health within a super diverse urban context. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 3,105 adolescent participants aged 11 to 12 were recruited from 25 schools in the London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets, Hackney and Barking & Dagenham. Participants completed a pseudo-anonymised paper-based questionnaire incorporating: the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale used for assessing positive mental well-being, the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire based on the DSM III-R criteria for assessment of depressive symptoms, the Youth-Physical Activity Questionnaire and a self-assessment of general health and longstanding illness. Prevalence estimates and unadjusted linear models estimate the extent to which positive well-being scores and time spent in physical/sedentary activity vary by socio-demographic and environmental indicators. Logistic regression estimated the unadjusted odds of having fair/(very)poor general health, a long standing illness, or depressive symptoms. Fully adjusted mixed effects models accounted for clustering within schools and for all socio-demographic and environmental indicators. RESULTS: Compared to boys, girls had significantly lower mental well-being and higher rates of depressive symptoms, reported fewer hours physically active and more hours sedentary, and had poorer general health after full adjustment. Positive mental well-being was significantly and positively associated with family affluence but the overall relationship between mental health and socioeconomic factors was weak. Mental health advantage increased as positive perceptions of the neighbourhood safety, aesthetics, walkability and services increased. Prevalence of poor health varied by ethnic group, particularly for depressive symptoms, general health and longstanding illness suggesting differences in the distribution of the determinants of health across ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: During adolescence perceptions of the urban physical environment, along with the social and economic characteristics of their household, are important factors in explaining patterns of health inequality.


Assuntos
Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Saúde Mental , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Londres , Masculino , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde da População Urbana
14.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol ; 50(11): 1701-11, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26205126

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study examines the extent to which in adolescent positive mental well-being and depressive symptoms vary across ethnic groups, and prospectively examines whether social support is protective against low/poor well-being and depression. METHODS: A longitudinal survey of 2426 adolescents from the Olympic Regeneration in East London study measured well-being and depressive symptoms at baseline at ages 11-12 and at follow-up two years later at ages 13-14. Social support was assessed at ages 11-12 years by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, by the level of parental support for school, by the frequency of family activities and by friendship choices. Ethnic differences in well-being and depression in Bangladeshi (N = 337) and Black African (N = 249) adolescents compared to their White UK counterparts (N = 380) were estimated adjusted stepwise for socio-demographic factors and domains of social support. RESULTS: Black African and Bangladeshi adolescents scored significantly higher for well-being than their White UK counterparts. There were no significant ethnic differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Lower levels of social support were prospectively associated with lower well-being and higher rates of depression in all ethnic groups. Adjustment for multiple domains of social support did not account for ethnic differences in well-being. CONCLUSION: Bangladeshi and Black African adolescents in East London may have a positive mental health advantage over their White UK counterparts though social support did not fully explain this difference. Further investigation of the reasons for lower well-being in the White UK group is needed.


Assuntos
Povo Asiático/psicologia , População Negra/psicologia , Depressão/etnologia , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Apoio Social , População Branca/psicologia , Adolescente , Povo Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos
15.
Eur J Public Health ; 24(4): 594-9, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24022216

RESUMO

AIMS: Few studies have examined how the settlement experiences of migrant parents might impact on the downstream adult health of second-generation minority ethnic children. We used prospective data to establish if childhood adversity relating to the settlement experiences of Irish-born parents might account for downstream adverse health-related behaviours in second-generation Irish respondents in adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cohort data from the National Child Development Study, comprising 17 000 births from a single week in 1958, from Britain, were analysed. Respondents were followed to mid-life. Dependent variables were alcohol and tobacco use. The contribution of life-course experiences in accounting for health-related behaviours was examined. FINDINGS: Relative to the rest of the cohort, the prevalence of harmful/hazardous alcohol use was elevated in early adulthood for second-generation men and women, although it reduced by age 42. Second-generation Irish men were more likely to report binge alcohol use (odds ratio 1.45; 95% confidence interval 0.99, 2.11; P = 0.05), and second-generation Irish women were more likely to smoke (odds ratio 1.67; 95% confidence interval 1.23, 2.23; P = 0.001), at mid-life. Childhood disadvantage partially mediated associations between second-generation Irish status and mid-life alcohol and tobacco use, although these were modest for associations with smoking in Irish women. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest mechanisms for the intergenerational 'transmission' of health disadvantage in migrant groups, across generations. More attention needs to focus on the public health legacy of inequalities transferring from one migrant generation to the next.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Populações Vulneráveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Irlanda/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fumar/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Populações Vulneráveis/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
16.
Prev Sci ; 15(4): 600-10, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23793374

RESUMO

School factors are associated with many health outcomes in adolescence. However, previous studies report inconsistent findings regarding the degree of school-level variation for health outcomes, particularly for risk behaviours. This study uses data from three large longitudinal studies in England to investigate school-level variation in a range of health indicators. Participants were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England, the Me and My School Study and the Research with East London Adolescent Community Health Survey. Outcome variables included risk behaviours (smoking, alcohol/cannabis use, sexual behaviour), behavioural difficulties and victimisation, obesity and physical activity, mental and emotional health, and educational attainment. Multi-level models were used to calculate the proportion of variance in outcomes explained at school level, expressed as intraclass correlations (ICCs) adjusted for gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status of the participants. ICCs for health outcomes ranged from nearly nil to .28 and were almost uniformly lower than for attainment (.17-.23). Most adjusted ICCs were smaller than unadjusted values, suggesting that school-level variation partly reflects differences in pupil demographics. School-level variation was highest for risk behaviours. ICCs were largely comparable across datasets, as well as across years within datasets, suggesting that school-level variation in health remains fairly constant across adolescence. School-level variation in health outcomes remains significant after adjustment for individual demographic differences between schools, confirming likely effects for school environment. Variance is highest for risk behaviours, supporting the utility of school environment interventions for these outcomes.


Assuntos
Instituições Acadêmicas , Adolescente , Inglaterra , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Classe Social
17.
Psychosom Med ; 75(2): 202-10, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23324872

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with unknown etiology. This is the first study to use a life course approach to examine premorbid risk markers for self-reported IBS in a UK birth cohort. METHODS: Cohort study using the 1958 British birth cohort, which included 98.7% of births in 1 week in England, Wales, and Scotland. The outcome was self-reported IBS by the age of 42 years, classified with onset after 24 years and onset after 34 years. Childhood psychopathology was assessed by the Rutter scales, and adulthood psychopathology was assessed by the Malaise Inventory. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported IBS in this cohort was 8.4% by 42 years (95% confidence interval [CI]=8.2-8.6). In multivariate analyses, being female (odds ratio [OR]=2.00, 95% CI=1.67-2.36), reporting 1 week to 1 month of school absence for ill health at 16 years (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.03-1.56) and psychopathology at 23 years (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.01-1.54) and 33 years (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.74-2.76) were associated with an increased odds for IBS. Prospectively measured childhood adversity showed no significant association. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show a long-term prospective link between premorbid psychopathology and later self-reported IBS, in agreement with previous findings on chronic fatigue syndrome. There is no evidence that prospective measures of childhood adversity are risk markers for IBS, and there is weak evidence that prospective measures of childhood illness at 16 years are risk markers for IBS, differing to results from the same cohort for psychopathology, chronic fatigue syndrome, and chronic widespread pain. This study also does not replicate the findings of retrospective studies examining the etiology of IBS.


Assuntos
Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/epidemiologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Dor Abdominal/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Depressão/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/etiologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/psicologia , Masculino , Atividade Motora , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
18.
BMC Public Health ; 13: 572, 2013 Jun 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23758739

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Self-harm is prevalent in adolescence. It is often a behaviour without verbal expression, seeking relief from a distressed state of mind. As most adolescents who self-harm do not seek help, the nature of adolescent self-harm and reasons for not disclosing it are a public health concern. This study aims to increase understanding about how adolescents in the community speak about self-harm; exploring their attitudes towards and experiences of disclosure and help-seeking. METHODS: This study involved 30 qualitative individual interviews with ethnically diverse adolescents aged 15-16 years (24 females, 6 males), investigating their views on coping with stress, self-harm and help-seeking, within their own social context in multicultural East London. Ten participants had never self-harmed, nine had self-harmed on one occasion and 11 had self-harmed repeatedly. Verbatim accounts were transcribed and subjected to content and thematic analysis using a framework approach. RESULTS: Self-harm was described as a complex and varied behaviour. Most participants who had self-harmed expressed reluctance to talk about it and many had difficulty understanding self-harm in others. Some participants normalised self-harm and did not wish to accept offers of help, particularly if their self-harm had been secretive and 'discovered', leading to their referral to more formal help from others. Disclosure was viewed more positively with hindsight by some participants who had received help. If help was sought, adolescents desired respect, and for their problems, feelings and opinions to be noticed and considered alongside receiving treatment for injuries. Mixed responses to disclosure from peers, family and initial sources of help may influence subsequent behaviour and deter presentation to services. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insight into the subjective experience of self-harm, disclosure and help-seeking from a young, ethnically diverse community sample. Accounts highlighted the value of examining self-harm in the context of each adolescent's day-to-day life. These accounts emphasised the need for support from others and increasing awareness about appropriate responses to adolescent self-harm and accessible sources of help for adolescents.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Comunicação , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Adolescente , Serviços de Saúde do Adolescente , Inglaterra/epidemiologia , Etnicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Londres , Masculino , Prevalência , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , População Urbana
19.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol ; 48(8): 1297-306, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23160714

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality and depression in a prospective study of adolescents from varied ethnic and cultural backgrounds. DESIGN: In this prospective cohort study, data were collected at two time points (2001 and 2003) from nearly 3,000 adolescents, aged either 11-12 years or 13-14 years, participating in RELACHS, a study of ethnically diverse and socially deprived young people from East London in the UK. Diet quality was measured from dietary questionnaires, and mental health assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses, we found evidence for an association between an unhealthy diet and mental health problems. Compared to those in the lowest quintile of Unhealthy diet score, those in the highest quintile were more than twice as likely to be symptomatic on the SDQ (OR 2.10, 95 %CI 1.38-3.20) after taking all identified confounders into account. There was also some evidence for a cross-sectional inverse association between a measure of healthy diet and mental health problems. A prospective relationship between the highest quintiles of both Healthy (OR 0.63, 95 %CI 0.38-1.05) and Unhealthy (OR 1.75, 95 %CI 1.00-3.06) diet scores and SDQ scores at follow-up was also evident, but was attenuated by final adjustments for confounders. CONCLUSION: This study is concordant with previous observational studies in describing relationships between measures of diet quality and mental health problems in adolescents.


Assuntos
Depressão/etnologia , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/diagnóstico , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
J Adolesc ; 36(2): 393-402, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23375844

RESUMO

Few prospective studies have examined the relationship between social support and psychological distress and depressive symptoms in adolescents. The aims of this study were to test whether social support is protective against psychological distress and depressive symptoms in an ethnically diverse population of adolescents and whether differences in support are reflected by ethnic differences in psychological distress and depressive symptoms. Based on a longitudinal survey of 821 adolescents, this study found low levels of social support from family members was prospectively associated with depressive symptoms (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.43-3.54). Compared with White UK pupils, Black pupils were less likely to display psychological distress (OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.51). However, social support did not explain the ethnic variations in psychological distress. Family environment may be a more consistent source of support compared with support from peers. The lower risk of psychological distress among Black pupils compared to White pupils requires further investigation.


Assuntos
Depressão/prevenção & controle , Apoio Social , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Criança , Intervalos de Confiança , Depressão/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Londres , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Estudos Prospectivos , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
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