RESUMO
BACKGROUNDTo understand the features of a replicating vaccine that might drive potent and durable immune responses to transgene-encoded antigens, we tested a replication-competent adenovirus type 4 encoding influenza virus H5 HA (Ad4-H5-Vtn) administered as an oral capsule or via tonsillar swab or nasal spray.METHODSViral shedding from the nose, mouth, and rectum was measured by PCR and culturing. H5-specific IgG and IgA antibodies were measured by bead array binding assays. Serum antibodies were measured by a pseudovirus entry inhibition, microneutralization, and HA inhibition assays.RESULTSAd4-H5-Vtn DNA was shed from most upper respiratory tract-immunized (URT-immunized) volunteers for 2 to 4 weeks, but cultured from only 60% of participants, with a median duration of 1 day. Ad4-H5-Vtn vaccination induced increases in H5-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood as well as increases in IgG and IgA in nasal, cervical, and rectal secretions. URT immunizations induced high levels of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against H5 that remained stable out to week 26. The duration of viral shedding correlated with the magnitude of the NAb response at week 26. Adverse events (AEs) were mild, and peak NAb titers were associated with overall AE frequency and duration. Serum NAb titers could be boosted to very high levels 2 to 5 years after Ad4-H5-Vtn vaccination with recombinant H5 or inactivated split H5N1 vaccine.CONCLUSIONReplicating Ad4 delivered to the URT caused prolonged exposure to antigen, drove durable systemic and mucosal immunity, and proved to be a promising platform for the induction of immunity against viral surface glycoprotein targets.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT01443936 and NCT01806909.FUNDINGIntramural and Extramural Research Programs of the NIAID, NIH (U19 AI109946) and the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), NIAID, NIH (contract HHSN272201400008C).
Assuntos
Adenovírus Humanos/genética , Vetores Genéticos , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Adenovírus Humanos/imunologia , Adenovírus Humanos/fisiologia , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos Virais/genética , Feminino , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/genética , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade Humoral , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/genética , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/genética , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Sprays Nasais , Tonsila Palatina , Replicação Viral , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Induction of an antibody response capable of recognizing highly diverse strains is a major obstacle to the development of vaccines for viruses such as HIV and influenza. Here, we report the dynamics of B cell expansion and evolution at the single-cell level after vaccination with a replication-competent adenovirus type 4 recombinant virus expressing influenza H5 hemagglutinin. Fluorescent H1 or H5 probes were used to quantitate and isolate peripheral blood B cells and their antigen receptors. We observed increases in H5-specific antibody somatic hypermutation and potency for several months beyond the period of active viral replication that was not detectable at the serum level. Individual broad and potent antibodies could be isolated, including one stem-specific antibody that is part of a new multidonor class. These results demonstrate prolonged evolution of the B cell response for months after vaccination and should be considered in efforts to evaluate or boost vaccine-induced immunity.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae/genética , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/genética , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Feminino , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Vetores Genéticos/imunologia , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/genética , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/imunologia , Humanos , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/genética , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Influenza/genética , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipermutação Somática de Imunoglobulina/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Sintéticas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Sintéticas/genética , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Replicação Viral/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
SOMAscan is an aptamer-based proteomics assay capable of measuring 1,305 human protein analytes in serum, plasma, and other biological matrices with high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we present a comprehensive meta-analysis of performance based on multiple serum and plasma runs using the current 1.3 k assay, as well as the previous 1.1 k version. We discuss normalization procedures and examine different strategies to minimize intra- and interplate nuisance effects. We implement a meta-analysis based on calibrator samples to characterize the coefficient of variation and signal-over-background intensity of each protein analyte. By incorporating coefficient of variation estimates into a theoretical model of statistical variability, we also provide a framework to enable rigorous statistical tests of significance in intervention studies and clinical trials, as well as quality control within and across laboratories. Furthermore, we investigate the stability of healthy subject baselines and determine the set of analytes that exhibit biologically stable baselines after technical variability is factored in. This work is accompanied by an interactive web-based tool, an initiative with the potential to become the cornerstone of a regularly updated, high quality repository with data sharing, reproducibility, and reusability as ultimate goals.