Brunonianines D-F, three new C19-diterpenoid alkaloids from the Delphinium brunonianum, with therapeutic effect on ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.

The current standard treatment for ovarian cancer consists of surgery to reduce the size of the tumor, followed by treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, which have major side effects. Therefore, finding a new natural product drug with fewer side effects is a strategy. Delphinium brunonianum (D. brunonianum) is a traditional Tibetan medicine, mainly from southern Tibet, China, whereas the chemical constituents in this plant remain elusive. The major metabolites in the dichloromethane fraction of D. brunonianum were analyzed and purified by HPLC and various column chromatography techniques. Nine diterpenoid alkaloids (1-9) and one amide alkaloid (10) were isolated from D. brunonianum, including three novel C19-type diterpenoid alkaloids (Brunonianines D-F) (1-3). Their structures were elucidated by 1D/2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. All compounds were evaluated for toxicity in four tumor cell lines. Most of the compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effects on Skov-3 cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 2.57 to 8.05 µM. The western blotting experiment was used to further analyze the expression levels of molecules in the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 signaling pathway for compound 1. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding modes of Brunonianine D with target proteins. In vivo experiments were also performed and evaluated in real time by monitoring the size of the Skov-3 tumor. Additionally, tumor H&E staining and the TUNEL assay used to evaluate anti-tumor effects.

[Effect of different nitrogen forms and ratio on growth and active ingredient content of Platycodon grandiflorum].

To providing evidence about nitrogen adequate application of Platycodon grandiflorum, the pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen on the growth, physiological metabolism and the quality of P. grandiflorum. The activity of NR, GS and SOD, POD and CAT were determined. And the nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content, photosynthetic characteristics, active components of P. grandiflorum were determined. The results showed that the nitrate nitrogen content and P. biomass reached its maximum value, when NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N was 0: 100, the activity of NR. The activity of GS was the highest at the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 25:75 and ammonium nitrogen content was the highest at 75:25. The activity of SOD decreased and then increased with the increasing of NO3(-) -N. At the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 25: 75, the activity of CAT had its maximum value and the content of MDA had the minimum value. At the same time, the content of platycodon D was the highest at this treatment. The studies had shown that different nitrogen forms and ratio had a significant effect on the characteristics of photosynthetic physiology, nitrogen metabolism and resistance adjustment, growth and the quality of P. grandiflorum. The NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 25: 75 was a suitable ratio of nitrogen forms for the growth of P. Grandiflorum and accumulating the content of platycodon D.

[Effects of PGPR inoculation on photosynthesis and physiological-ecological characteristics of apple seedlings under drought stress]. / å¹²æ—±ä¸‹æŽ¥ç§æ ¹é™ ä¿ƒç”Ÿç»†èŒå¯¹è‹¹æžœå®žç”Ÿè‹—å ‰åˆå’Œç”Ÿç†ç”Ÿæ€ç‰¹æ€§çš„å½±å“.

The effects of inoculation of rhizosphere-promoting bacteria (PGPR) on photosynthesis and physiological-ecological characteristics of apple tree seedlings under drought conditions were investigated in this study, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the application of PGPR in plant drought resistance. In the pot experiment, the rhizosphere-promoting bacterium YX2 which had both ACC deaminase activity and strong phosphorus solubilizing ability was selected as the tested strain. Apple seedlings were grown under four different irrigation levels i.e., control (CK), mild drought (LD), moderate drought (MD), and severe drought (SD) with soil moisture equivalent to 70%-80%, 55%-65%, 40%-50% and 25%-35% of field water holding capacity, respectively. Inoculation of PGPR alleviated the damaging effects of drought on growth by improving relative water content and chlorophyll content in apple tree seedlings. In addition, PGPR inoculated individuals exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll fluorescence values, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate and lower relative conductivity and lipid peroxidation. Our results suggested that PGPR-YX2 alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on the growth and net photosynthetic rate by improving the antioxidant system, water content and membrane functioning.

Pseudonocardia ailaonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil in China.

A Gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain YIM 45505(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Yunnan province, south-west China. Cells exhibited cream-white aerial mycelium and orange-yellow to yellow-brown substrate mycelium. The substrate mycelium fragmented into rod-shaped elements, and the aerial mycelium formed long chains of spores. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain YIM 45505(T) was related most closely to Pseudonocardia oroxyli DSM 44984(T) (98.5% similarity) and Pseudonocardia halophobica IMSNU 21327(T) (97.5%). The G+C content of the DNA of strain YIM 45505(T) was 74.1 mol%. Combined with results of DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic tests, these data revealed that strain YIM 45505(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia ailaonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 45505(T) (=KCTC 19315(T) =DSM 44979(T)).