[Correction Multiplicative Effects in Raman Spectra through Vector Angle Transformation].

The linear relationship between the Raman spectral intensity and the analyte amount is frequently disrupted for a variety of complex reasons, which include these variations in laser source, focusing effect, sample scattering and refracting, so that causes poor quantitative results. As a whole, these disturbing effects can be divided to be additive and multiplicative, and the multiplicative effects are generally more difficult to be eliminated. A spectrum is a series data, also can be treated as a vector. In principle, unstable motions in spectrum intensity/amplitude corresponding to the module shifts for a vector, doesn't impact the vector direction which is the essence of the vector, so it is reasonable to rewrite the data form on module to on space angle for the same measurement. This thesis employed a data transformation to eliminate the multiplicative effects within spectra, i. e. , the spectrum signal on its amplitude has been transformed to be on the vector angles. The first step of the transformation is the selection of a stand vector which is near to the analyte and almost orthogonal to the background within the sample space; and the next step is to define a moving window, then to find out the angle between the sample vector (i. e. the transformed spectrum) and the stand vector within the window; while the window is moved along the spectrum data series, the transformation for vector angle (VA) series has been finished. The thesis has proved that an approximate linear quantitative relationship has been remained in the VA series. Multivariate calibration need full rank matrix which is combined by spectrum from variety samples, and variety VA series also can combine a full rank VA matrix, so the approximate linear VA matrix still perfectly meeting the demand for multivariate calibration. A mixed system consisted by methanol-ethanol-isopropanol has been employed to verify the eliminations to the multiplicative effects. These measuring values of the system are obtained at different Raman integral times and have remarkable multiplicative effects. In predicting results, the correlation coefficient (r) and the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) from class PLS respectively are 0.911 9 and 0.110 2, and 0.906 0 and 0.100 8 are for the preprocessing by multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). In contrast, r and RMSEP under the VAPLS, presented by this thesis, respectively are 0.998 7 and 0.015 2 and are significantly better than others. The VAPLS has eliminated the multiplicative effects of Raman spectra and improved the accuracy of Raman quantitative analysis and it owes to the preprocessing of the vector angle transformation.

Colchicine in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (CHANCE-3): multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of colchicine versus placebo on reducing the risk of subsequent stroke after high risk non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack within the first three months of symptom onset (CHANCE-3). DESIGN: Multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. SETTING: 244 hospitals in China between 11 August 2022 and 13 April 2023. PARTICIPANTS: 8343 patients aged 40 years of age or older with a minor-to-moderate ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack and a high sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 within 24 h of symptom onset to receive colchicine (0.5 mg twice daily on days 1-3, followed by 0.5 mg daily thereafter) or placebo for 90 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary efficacy outcome was any new stroke within 90 days after randomisation. The primary safety outcome was any serious adverse event during the treatment period. All efficacy and safety analyses were by intention to treat. RESULTS: 4176 patients were assigned to the colchicine group and 4167 were assigned to the placebo group. Stroke occurred within 90 days in 264 patients (6.3%) in the colchicine group and 270 patients (6.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.16); P=0.79). Any serious adverse event was observed in 91 (2.2%) patients in the colchicine group and 88 (2.1%) in the placebo group (P=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: The study did not provide evidence that low-dose colchicine could reduce the risk of subsequent stroke within 90 days as compared with placebo among patients with acute non-cardioembolic minor-to-moderate ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack and a high sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05439356.

Efficacy and Safety of Butylphthalide in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a drug for treating acute ischemic stroke and may play a neuroprotective role by acting on multiple active targets. The efficacy of NBP in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving reperfusion therapy remains unknown. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of NBP in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving reperfusion therapy of intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted in 59 centers in China with 90-day follow-up. Of 1236 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 1216 patients 18 years and older diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ranging from 4 to 25 who could start the trial drug within 6 hours from symptom onset and received either intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or endovascular treatment or intravenous rt-PA bridging to endovascular treatment were enrolled, after excluding 20 patients who declined to participate or did not meet eligibility criteria. Data were collected from July 1, 2018, to May 22, 2022. Interventions: Within 6 hours after symptom onset, patients were randomized to receive NBP or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients with a favorable outcome based on 90-day modified Rankin Scale score (a global stroke disability scale ranging from 0 [no symptoms or completely recovered] to 6 [death]) thresholds of 0 to 2 points, depending on baseline stroke severity. Results: Of 1216 enrolled patients, 827 (68.0%) were men, and the median (IQR) age was 66 (56-72) years. A total of 607 were randomly assigned to the butylphthalide group and 609 to the placebo group. A favorable functional outcome at 90 days occurred in 344 patients (56.7%) in the butylphthalide group and 268 patients (44.0%) in the placebo group (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.35-2.14; P < .001). Serious adverse events within 90 days occurred in 61 patients (10.1%) in the butylphthalide group and 73 patients (12.0%) in the placebo group. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular treatment, NBP was associated with a higher proportion of patients achieving a favorable functional outcome at 90 days compared with placebo. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03539445.

Associations of severity of fatty liver with oxidative stress, SAA, CRP and degree of cerebral arteriosclerosis in cerebral arteriosclerosis patients who have fatty liver.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations of severity of fatty liver with oxidative stress, serum amyloid protein A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and degree of cerebral arteriosclerosis (CAS) in CAS patients with the complication of fatty liver, and to explore the predictive values of risk factors for these patients. METHODS: A total of 200 patients diagnosed with CAS in our hospital from October 2016 to November 2018 were selected, including 90 cases with fatty liver (observation group) and 110 cases without fatty liver (control group), and there were 123 males and 77 females. The general clinical data, liver function, oxidative stress status, inflammatory factor levels, and degree of CAS were compared between the two groups, and their correlations and influencing factors were explored. RESULTS: 1) There were no significant differences in the age, gender, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level between the observation group and control group (P>0.05). The body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. 2) The levels of liver function indexes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, all (P<0.05). 3) In terms of the oxidative stress, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, while the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the observation group were obviously lower than in the control group, all (P<0.05). 4) The levels of inflammatory factors, including SAA, CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in the observation group were much higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). 5) Observation group had higher whole blood low shear viscosity, whole blood high shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity than the control group (P<0.05). 6) ALT (r = 0.422, P = 0.000) and SAA (r = 0.828, P = 0.000) had positive correlations with the plasma viscosity, while GSH (r = -0.719, P<0.001) had a negative correlation with the plasma viscosity. CONCLUSION: The liver function index levels, oxidative stress status, and inflammatory factor levels in CAS patients may affect the severity of arteriosclerosis and fatty liver.