Creating synergies among education/research, practice, and policy environments to build capacity for the scholar role in occupational therapy and physiotherapy in the Canadian context.

Scholarly practice (SP) is considered a key competency of occupational therapy and physiotherapy. To date, the three sectors-education/research, practice, and policy/regulation-that support SP have been working relatively independently. The goals of this project were to (a) understand how representatives of the three sectors conceptualize SP; (b) define each sector's individual and collective roles in supporting SP; (c) identify factors influencing the enactment of SP and the specific needs of how best to support SP; and (d) co-develop goals and strategies to support SP across all sectors. We used interpretive description methodology. Consistent with an integrated knowledge translation approach, partners representing the three sectors across Canada recruited individuals from each sector, developed the content and questions for three focus groups, and collected and analyzed the data. Inspired by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we developed the questions for the second focus group. We analyzed the data using an inductive thematic analysis method. Thirty-nine participants from the three sectors participated. Themes related to participants' conceptualization of SP included (a) ongoing process, (b) reflective process, (c) broad concept, and (d) collective effort. Themes describing factors influencing and supporting SP were (a) recognition, (b) appropriate conceptualization, (c) social network, (d) accessibility to resources, and (e) forces outside of practitioners' effort. Goals to support SP included (a) further recognizing SP, (b) sustaining SP competency, and (c) ensuring access to information. SP requires collaborative and integrated intersectoral support and further recognition of its importance through the collaboration of multiple stakeholders.

Exploring a peer-based physical activity program in the community for adults with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of program mentors, participants, and employees involved in a peer-based physical activity (PA) program for adults with moderate-to-severe TBI, being piloted by a community fitness center, to develop the program as a measurable intervention. RESEARCH DESIGN: We adopted an exploratory case study approach through an interpretivist paradigm, which focused on discovering realities about the peer-based PA program across the study participants' views, backgrounds, and experiences. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with nine adult program participants (3 peer mentors, 6 participants), and three program employees. Inductive content analysis was used to develop themes about their perceived experiences. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: 44 open-codes were grouped into 10 subthemes and three final themes: 1) program impacts identified the importance of the program in daily life and resulting psychological, physical, and social outcomes; 2) program characteristics highlighted program leaders, accessibility, and social inclusion; 3) program sustainability included program adherence, benefits for the center, and the program's future. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions of program experiences and outcomes identified how peer-based PA for adults with moderate-to-severe TBI can lead to meaningful activities, functioning better, and buy-in from all parties. Implications for research and practice related to supporting health-related behaviors after TBI through group-based, autonomy-supporting approaches are discussed.

Characteristics, Outcomes, Sex and Gender Considerations of Community-Based Physical Activity Interventions after Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review mapped the current evidence about community-based physical activity (PA) interventions for individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identified the reported health-related outcomes, measurement tools used, and considerations given to sex and gender. METHODS: Searches were conducted in six academic databases for peer-reviewed articles (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro). PRISMA Scoping Review guidelines were followed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion and extracted data for the analysis with a modified Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT). Health-related outcomes were classified with domains of the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF). RESULTS: 19 studies were identified. Seven PA intervention types were included. CERT scores varied (M = 12.74, SD = 3.51 items), with limited details for replication. ICF outcomes focused on improving body functions (74%), activities and participation (14%), environmental factors (1%), and other: not covered (11%). Only four studies (21%) stratified their results by sex or gender. CONCLUSIONS: Identified PA interventions from this review revealed common characteristics that led to improved outcomes. Proposed recommendations aim to improve future research and community practice. There is a pressing need for more sex and gender considerations in PA research after moderate-to-severe TBI.

Clinical reasoning underlying acute care occupational therapists' assessment of rehabilitation potential after stroke or brain injury: A constructivist grounded theory study.

INTRODUCTION: In acute care hospitals, clinicians are expected to rapidly provide recommendations regarding patients' rehabilitation potential and candidacy for postacute rehabilitation. Some studies have investigated factors influencing referral to rehabilitation, but few have examined clinical reasoning underlying referral decisions. This study aimed to investigate what occupational therapists were thinking about (factors influencing reasoning), how they reasoned (thought processes) when evaluating stroke or traumatic brain injury patients' rehabilitation potential, and how they decided on referral to postacute rehabilitation. METHODS: Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, the clinical reasoning of 10 acute care occupational therapists working in a large Canadian city was examined. Participant recruitment, data collection, and analysis were performed simultaneously following theoretical sampling procedures. Therapists' thoughts on patients' rehabilitation potential were collected twice (during chart consultation and initial patient assessment) using think-aloud protocols and semi-structured interviews. Constant comparison, memoing, and diagramming methods were employed during coding to help categorisation and conceptualisation. FINDINGS: Numerous patient, clinician, and organisation-related factors were found to influence clinical reasoning. Occupational therapists interpreted these factors in an attempt to (1) predict recovery, (2) estimate rehabilitation potential, and (3) determine rehabilitation candidacy. They used two types of thought processes: (1) building a representation of patients' rehabilitation potential (involving eight steps including gathering and interpreting factors); (2) activating bottom-up and top-down scripts (comparing the expected impact of impairments on activity performance to behaviours observed during activity performance). Furthermore, an algorithm was developed describing how occupational therapists decide on referral to postacute rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Findings can be used to teach students and novice occupational therapists how to identify and interpret key factors in the assessment of stroke or traumatic brain injury patients' rehabilitation potential. Results also provide insight on cognitive processes that can be taught for efficient assessment of rehabilitation potential and decision-making regarding referral to postacute rehabilitation.

Physical Activity Interventions for Individuals With a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury:: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: To document the characteristics, measured outcomes, and effectiveness of physical activity (PA) interventions designed to improve health-related outcomes in individuals with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) to assist in rehabilitation quality improvement efforts of a TBI rehabilitation program. METHODS: A scoping review following a 6-step iterative framework search across 5 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscuss, and EMBASE) and the gray literature (Google) was performed. Selected PA interventions were designed for individuals of all ages and any mechanism of injury (eg, sports-related and falls). Data were charted, collated, and summarized according to the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template checklist and domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Involvement of clinical experts ensured tailoring of the knowledge synthesis to meet clinical needs. RESULTS: Thirty-five articles and 14 gray literature records were retained. Five types of PA interventions were identified with the majority being multimodal. Reporting of PA intervention characteristics was highly variable across studies; many details necessary for intervention replication are missing. Study outcomes focused primarily on improving body functions and symptoms of mTBI, and less frequently on activities, participation, and health-related quality of life. The methodological quality of studies varies. CONCLUSIONS: Identified PA intervention types offer various management options for healthcare providers. PA interventions may improve a wide range of health-related outcomes supporting the inclusion of PA in the management of individuals of all ages with mTBI. Higher-quality research and better reporting about intervention characteristics is however needed.

Why Do We Need a New Clinical Practice Guideline for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury?

OBJECTIVE: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) aim to improve quality and consistency of healthcare services. A Canadian group of researchers, clinicians, and policy makers developed/adapted a CPG for rehabilitation post-moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI) to respond to end users' needs in acute care and rehabilitation settings. METHODS: The rigorous CPG development process began assessing needs and expectations of end users, then appraised existing CPGs, and, during a consensus conference, produced fundamental and priority recommendations. We also surveyed end users' perceptions of implementation gaps to determine future implementation strategies to optimize adherence to the CPG. RESULTS: The unique bilingual (French and English) CPG consists of 266 recommendations (of which 126 are new recommendations), addressing top priorities for MSTBI, rationale, process indicators, and implementations tools (eg, algorithms and benchmarks). CONCLUSION: The novel approach of consulting and working with end users to develop a CPG for MSTBI should influence knowledge uptake for clinicians wanting to provide evidence-based care.

Assessment of Users' Needs and Expectations Toward Clinical Practice Guidelines to Support the Rehabilitation of Adults With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

OBJECTIVE: Stakeholder engagement in clinical practice guideline (CPG) creation is thought to increase relevance of CPGs and facilitate their implementation. The objectives were to survey stakeholders involved in the care of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) regarding general perceptions of CPGs, key elements to be included, and needs and expectations about format and implementation strategy. SETTINGS: Hospitals and inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation facilities providing services to persons with TBI. PARTICIPANTS: Stakeholders identified as primary end users of the CPG: clinicians, hospital leaders, health system managers, and funders in Quebec and Ontario (Canada). DESIGN: Cross-sectional online survey conducted between May and September 2014. RESULTS: In total, 332 individuals expressed their needs and expectations. Despite positive perceptions of CPGs, only a small proportion of respondents used them. Intensity and frequency of interventions, behaviors disorders and cognitive function impairment, and social participation and community life were important subjects to cover in the CPG. Finally, respondents asked for specific recommendations including a ranking of recommendations based on level of underlying evidence. CONCLUSION: Respondents have important expectations toward a CPG. We anticipate that early and meaningful engagement of end users could facilitate CPG implementation.

A Survey of Perceived Implementation Gaps for a Clinical Practice Guideline for the Rehabilitation of Adults With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

OBJECTIVE: Appraising current practice is an important prerequisite for implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). The study objective was to determine the perceived level of implementation, priority, and feasibility of a subset of key CPG recommendations for the rehabilitation of individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI). METHODS: Fifty-one teams at acute care and rehabilitation facilities were invited to complete an electronic survey addressing the perceived level of implementation, priority, and feasibility of 109 fundamental and priority recommendations from the CPG-MSTBI. RESULTS: Forty-four clinical teams responded across 2 Canadian provinces. Most of the recommendations were deemed as "fully" or "mostly" implemented, while relative gaps in implementation were perceived in recommendations regarding coordination with mental health and addiction providers (>75% of respondents indicated low levels of implementation), "Caregivers and Families" (26%), and "Psychosocial and Adaptation Issues" (25%). Priority levels and perceived feasibility were generally high (>60% and >86%, respectively) for recommendations with low levels of implementation. Priority recommendations for implementation were identified for both acute care and rehabilitation settings in Québec and Ontario. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of clinician perception provides a helpful perspective for implementation. Exploring perceived implementation gaps based on users' needs and expectation should be a part of an implementation process.

Unique Features of the INESSS-ONF Rehabilitation Guidelines for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Responding to Users' Needs.

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) clinical practice guidelines are a potential solution to rapidly expanding literature. The project objective was to convene experts to develop a unique set of TBI rehabilitation recommendations incorporating users' priorities for format and implementation tools including indicators of adherence. METHODS: The Guidelines Adaptation & Development Cycle informed recommendation development. Published TBI recommendations were identified and tabulated. Experts convened to adapt or, where appropriate, develop new evidence-based recommendations. These draft recommendations were validated by systematically reviewing relevant literature. Surveys of experts and target users were triangulated with strength of evidence to identify priority topics. RESULTS: The final recommendation set included a rationale, implementation tools (algorithms/adherence indicators), key process indicators, and evidence summaries, and were divided in 2 sections: Section I: Components of the Optimal TBI Rehabilitation System (71 recommendations) and Section II: Assessment and Rehabilitation of Brain Injury Sequelae (195 recommendations). The recommendations address top priorities for the TBI rehabilitation system: (1) intensity/frequency of interventions; (2) rehabilitation models; (3) duration of interventions; and (4) continuity-of-care mechanisms. Key sequelae addressed (1) behavioral disorders; (2) cognitive dysfunction; (3) fatigue and sleep disturbances; and (4) mental health. CONCLUSION: This TBI rehabilitation guideline used a robust development process to address users' priorities.

How do assessments of activities of daily living address executive functions: A scoping review.

Executive functions (EF) allow persons to adapt to situations arising in daily life and can be affected following acquired brain injury (ABI). Measuring the impact of EF impairments on the accomplishment of activities of daily living (ADL) requires specific assessment tools, but choosing the right tool may be difficult. PURPOSE: To conduct a scoping review on how assessments of ADL address EF and EF impairments in persons with ABI. METHOD: A scoping review of literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) published until August 2014 was conducted. Using a systematic procedure, literature was selected, results were charted, and tools were analysed with respect to their goals, underlying models, psychometric properties and applicability. The analysis also included how tools considered components of EF according to Lezak's model. RESULTS: 12 tools, developed either to assess EF in ADL, independence in ADL considering EF or ADL capacities, were identified and analysed according to multiple criteria. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides important information about existing tools to assist in tool selection and clinical decision-making related to ABI and EF.

Exploring factors influencing occupational therapists' perception of patients' rehabilitation potential after acquired brain injury.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Clinical practice guidelines advocate for early involvement of rehabilitation professionals in screening acquired brain injury patients' rehabilitation needs and determining the required rehabilitation services. Little is yet known about the nature of occupational therapists' role in this context. This exploratory study sought to identify factors influencing occupational therapists' perception of acquired brain injury patients' rehabilitation potential for inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS: A qualitative approach was used to analyse data from a focus group involving 12 occupational therapists working in acute care and inpatient rehabilitation. A consensus-seeking technique was used to identify patient-related factors participants perceived as most important to consider when assessing rehabilitation potential. The transcription of the group discussion was analysed using an interpretive description approach to identify additional factors influencing occupational therapists' perception. RESULTS: Participants agreed on 11 patient-related factors most important to consider: age, behaviour, cognitive abilities, endurance, home environment, medical status, observed improvement in acute care post-injury, physical abilities, post-injury functional status, pre-injury functional status, patient and family expectations. Additional factors included the influence of the organisational context (i.e. acute care and broader health care context) as well as occupational therapists' professional expertise, knowledge of scientific evidence, concerns for ethical decisions and interpretive activities (i.e. clinician's interpretation of patients' characteristics in light of all other factors). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that assessing rehabilitation potential is a complex process that goes beyond strictly appraising patients' characteristics. Additional factors influence clinicians' perception of patients' rehabilitation potential. Clinicians should pay more attention to these factors when making evidence-based decisions regarding patients' potential to benefit from rehabilitation.

[Documenting a rehabilitation program using a logic model: an advantage to the assessment process]. / Documenter un programme de réadaptation en référence au modèle logique théorique : un atout dans la démarche évaluative.

The cognitive and behavioral disorders after brain injury can result in severe limitations of activities and restrictions of participation. An interdisciplinary rehabilitation program was developed in physical medicine and rehabilitation at the Pitié-Salpêtriere Hospital, Paris, France. Clinicians believe this program decreases activity limitations and improves participation in patients. However, the program's effectiveness had never been assessed. To do this, we had to define/describe this program. However rehabilitation programs are holistic and thus complex making them difficult to describe. Therefore, to facilitate the evaluation of complex programs, including those for rehabilitation, we illustrate the use of a theoretical logic model, as proposed by Champagne, through the process of documentation of a specific complex and interdisciplinary rehabilitation program. Through participatory/collaborative research, the rehabilitation program was analyzed using three "submodels" of the logic model of intervention: causal model, intervention model and program theory model. This should facilitate the evaluation of programs, including those for rehabilitation.

Rehospitalization After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine, from a Canadian population-based perspective, the incidence and etiology of long-term hospital utilization among persons living with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by age and sex. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Acute care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Index cases of TBI (N=29,269) were identified from the Discharge Abstract Database for fiscal years 2002/2003 through 2009/2010 and were followed-up until 36 months after injury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rehospitalization was defined as admission to an acute care facility that occurred up to 36 months after index injury. Diagnoses associated with subsequent rehospitalization were examined by age and sex. RESULTS: Of the patients with TBI, 35.5% (n=10,390) were subsequently hospitalized during the 3-year follow-up period. Multivariable logistic regression (controlling for index admission hospital) identified men, older age, mechanism of injury being a fall, greater injury severity, rural residence, greater comorbidity, and psychiatric comorbidity to be significant predictors of rehospitalization in a 3-year period postinjury. The most common causes for rehospitalization differed by age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Rehospitalization after TBI is common. Factors associated with rehospitalization can inform long-term postdischarge planning. Findings also support examining causes for rehospitalization by age and sex.

The association between traumatic brain injury and suicide: are kids at risk?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in late adolescence and adulthood is associated with a higher risk of suicide; however, it is unknown whether this association is also present in people who sustained a TBI during childhood. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether experiencing a TBI during childhood is a risk factor for suicide later in life and to examine whether the risk of suicide differs by sex or injury severity. A cohort of 135,703 children aged 0-17 years was identified from the Quebec population-based physician reimbursement database in 1987, and follow-up was conducted until 2008. Of the children in this cohort, 21,047 had sustained a TBI. Using a survival analysis with time-dependent indicators of TBI, we found a higher risk of suicide for people who sustained a TBI during childhood (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 2.14), adolescence (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.26), and adulthood (HR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.79, 3.59). When compared with less severe injuries, such as concussions and cranial fractures, more severe injuries, such as intracranial hemorrhages, were associated with a higher risk of suicide (HR = 2.18 vs. 2.77, respectively). Repeated injuries were associated with higher risks of suicide in all age groups.

Reliability of the Cooking Task in adults with acquired brain injury.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) often leads to deficits in executive functioning (EF) responsible for severe and long-standing disabilities in daily life activities. The Cooking Task is an ecological and valid test of EF involving multi-tasking in a real environment. Given its complex scoring system, it is important to establish the tool's reliability. The objective of the study was to examine the reliability of the Cooking Task (internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability). A total of 160 patients with ABI (113 men, mean age 37 years, SD = 14.3) were tested using the Cooking Task. For test-retest reliability, patients were assessed by the same rater on two occasions (mean interval 11 days) while two raters independently and simultaneously observed and scored patients' performances to estimate inter-rater reliability. Internal consistency was high for the global scale (Cronbach α = .74). Inter-rater reliability (n = 66) for total errors was also high (ICC = .93), however the test-retest reliability (n = 11) was poor (ICC = .36). In general the Cooking Task appears to be a reliable tool. The low test-retest results were expected given the importance of EF in the performance of novel tasks.

Altered integrated locomotor and cognitive function in elite athletes 30 days postconcussion: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To begin to understand changes in locomotor navigation in elite athletes following concussion. METHODS: Clinical measures and gait analysis were undertaken on average 37.33 days (SD = 4.8) postconcussion for 6 athletes as well as for a control group of athletes matched for age, sex, and team. The locomotor task consisted of walking at a self-selected speed along an unobstructed or obstructed path with and without a visual interference task. The trends for 4 dependent variables were described (2 for gait behavior and 2 for cognitive behavior). A principal component analysis was used to reduce data to root sources of variance among these variables. General group differences were tested with Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests on factorial scores. RESULTS: Athletes with concussion were symptom free at the time of testing and their neuropsychological test results were not different from those of athletes in the control group. However, when the laboratory data between paired groups were compared, descriptive analyses suggested potential group differences in navigating the obstacle. The simultaneous Stroop task appeared to present difficulty for both groups. A significant group effect was found on the component of the factorial analysis that was highly loaded with both gait and cognitive variables (minimum clearance, Stroop task errors, and cognitive dual-task costs), generally supporting the descriptive analyses by suggesting that athletes with concussion do not navigate the targeted complex environments like the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes with concussion appear to still show navigational deficits in environments well after being considered fully recovered according to current return-to-play protocols. Although still preliminary and requiring further study, the present findings suggest that functional assessment within complex environment contexts could be considered before sending athletes back to play following a concussion, even in the absence of postconcussion symptoms or with normal clinical outcomes.

Development, implementation, and evaluation of the Apollo model of pediatric rehabilitation service delivery.

This article presents the experience of a rehabilitation program that undertook the challenge to reorganize its services to address accessibility issues and improve service quality. The context in which the reorganization process occurred, along with the relevant literature justifying the need for a new service delivery model, and an historical perspective on the planning; implementation; and evaluation phases of the process are described. In the planning phase, the constitution of the working committee, the data collected, and the information found in the literature are presented. Apollo, the new service delivery model, is then described along with each of its components (e.g., community, group, and individual interventions). Actions and lessons learnt during the implementation of each component are presented. We hope by sharing our experiences that we can help others make informed decisions about service reorganization to improve the quality of services provided to children with disabilities, their families, and their communities.

An At-Home, Virtually Administered Graded Exertion Protocol for Use in Concussion Management: Preliminary Evaluation of Safety and Feasibility for Determining Clearance to Return to High-Intensity Exercise in Healthy Youth and Children With Subacute Concussion.

Graded exertion testing (GXT) is an important tool for concussion management, as it is used to personalize post-concussion exercise prescription and return athletes to sport. However, most GXT requires expensive equipment and in-person supervision. Our objective was to assess the safety and feasibility of the Montreal Virtual Exertion (MOVE) protocol, a no-equipment, virtually compatible GXT, in healthy children and children with subacute concussion. The MOVE protocol consists of seven stages of bodyweight and plyometric exercises performed for 60 sec each. Twenty healthy (i.e., non-concussed) children completed the MOVE protocol virtually over Zoom Enterprise. Next, 30 children with subacute concussion (median: 31.5 days post-injury) were randomized to the MOVE protocol or Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT), which increases the incline or speed of the treadmill every minute until maximum exertion. Out of an abundance of caution, all concussed participants completed the MOVE protocol in an in-person clinical space. However, the test evaluator was stationed in a different room within the clinic and administered the MOVE protocol using Zoom Enterprise software to mimic telehealth conditions. Safety and feasibility outcomes were recorded throughout GXT, including heart rate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and symptom outcomes. No adverse events were recorded, and all feasibility criteria were successfully met in healthy youth and youth with concussion. Among concussed youth, increases in heart rate (MOVE: 82.4 ± 17.9 bpm, BCTT: 72.1 ± 23.0 bpm; t(28) = 1.36, p = 0.18), RPE (MOVE: 5.87 ± 1.92, BCTT: 5.07 ± 2.34, t(28) = 1.02, p = 0.32), and overall symptom presentation were similar between the MOVE and BCTT protocols. The MOVE protocol is a safe and feasible GXT in healthy youth and youth with subacute concussion. Future studies should assess the fully virtual administration of the MOVE in children with concussion, MOVE protocol tolerability in children with acute concussion, and whether the MOVE protocol can be used to guide individualized exercise prescription.

SWOT analysis of a physical activity intervention delivered to outpatient adults with a mild traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: Physical activity interventions are effective to reduce the symptoms and recovery time after a mild traumatic brain injury; such interventions are not always embedded in all interdisciplinary outpatient settings. Service providers of a specialized rehabilitation program recognized the need to implement emerging evidence-based approaches to improve physical activity delivery. Understanding the perceptions of managers, clinicians, and users regarding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the current physical activity intervention delivered to outpatient adults with a mild traumatic brain injury could inform local and widespread intervention development, enhancement, and implementation of evidence-based physical activity interventions. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative design using a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis framework. Managerial staff (n = 3), clinicians (n = 6), and program users (n = 5) with persisting symptoms following a mild traumatic brain injury from an outpatient specialized public rehabilitation program in Québec (Canada) participated. Individual semi-structured interviews were performed, recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. Results: Participants were generally positive about the intervention but expressed that improvement was required. Strengths (n = 15), weaknesses (n = 17), opportunities (n = 12), and threats (n = 6) related to eight overarching categories: physical activity intervention, health-related outcomes, clinical expertise, knowledge translation, communication, user engagement, resources, and accessibility. Category descriptions, convergent and divergent perspectives, and salient quotes of participants are provided. Conclusions: Participants were generally positive about the intervention (e.g., format) but identified weaknesses (e.g., need for service providers to better describe the physical activity intervention using theoretically driven approaches). Consultations of stakeholders will inform future intervention enhancement efforts and assist in ensuring interventions meet user needs.