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1.
Int J Technol Assess Health Care ; 40(1): e21, 2024 Apr 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38576122

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop a framework for establishing priorities in the regional health service of Murcia, Spain, to facilitate the creation of a comprehensive multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework. This framework will aid in decision-making processes related to the assessment, reimbursement, and utilization of high-impact health technologies. METHOD: Based on the results of a review of existing frameworks for MCDA of health technologies, a set of criteria was proposed to be used in the context of evaluating high-impact health technologies. Key stakeholders within regional healthcare services, including clinical leaders and management personnel, participated in a focus group (n = 11) to discuss the proposed criteria and select the final fifteen. To elicit the weights of the criteria, two surveys were administered, one to a small sample of healthcare professionals (n = 35) and another to a larger representative sample of the general population (n = 494). RESULTS: The responses obtained from health professionals in the weighting procedure exhibited greater consistency compared to those provided by the general public. The criteria more highly weighted were "Need for intervention" and "Intervention outcomes." The weights finally assigned to each item in the multicriteria framework were derived as the equal-weighted sum of the mean weights from the two samples. CONCLUSIONS: A multi-attribute function capable of generating a composite measure (multicriteria) to assess the value of high-impact health interventions has been developed. Furthermore, it is recommended to pilot this procedure in a specific decision context to evaluate the efficacy, feasibility, usefulness, and reliability of the proposed tool.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica/organização & administração , Humanos , Espanha , Grupos Focais , Prioridades em Saúde , Tomada de Decisões , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto
2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1281092

RESUMO

Introducción: La incidencia de macrosomía está entre 4,7 a 16,4%. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el 2012 refiere que el 6.7% de los recién nacidos en el mundo presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. En el 2014 reportó que en las regiones de Sudamérica el 7,6% de los recién nacidos nacieron con sobrepeso. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico de casos y controles. El método de muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. La población accesible son pacientes que dieron a luz a recién nacidos macrosómicos en la Cátedra y Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital de Clínicas. Los casos son pacientes con ecografía obstétrica del tercer trimestre que dieron a luz a recién nacido único, vivo o muerto, mayor a 37 semanas por Capurro, con peso al nacer mayor o igual a 4000 gramos en la Cátedra y Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital de Clínicas - San Lorenzo, del 1 de enero a 31 de diciembre de 2017. Resultados: Con diferencia significativa (p<0,05) el estudio manifiesta oportunidad a las cesáreas con 64 (84,21%) como vía de terminación del embarazo, siendo 5,77 veces mayor en las gestaciones con feto macrosómico. Las lesiones del canal del parto se reportaron 8 (10,53%) en los partos de recién nacidos macrosómico y 46 (30,26%) en los controles, representando diferencia significativa. Conclusión: los factores de riesgo materno asociados con macrosomía fetal son: la macrosomía anterior, la obesidad materna pregestacional, la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, un aumento de ponderal > 15 kg durante la gestación. La mayoría de las mujeres estudiadas fueron de procedencia urbana, en unión libre, amas de casas y con escolaridad secundaria, pero no resultaron ser factores de riesgos de recién nacidos macrosómicos. No se encontró asociación entre macrosomía fetal y diabetes gestacional.


Introduction: The incidence of macrosomia is between 4.7 to 16.4%. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012 refers that 6.7% of newborns in the world were overweight or obese.9 In 2014 it reported that in the regions of South America 7.6% of newborns were born with overweight. Materials and methods: Observational, analytical study of cases and controls. The non-probability sampling method of consecutive cases. The accessible population are patients who gave birth to macrosomic newborns in the Department and Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Hospital de Clínicas. The cases are patients with obstetric ultrasound of the third trimester who gave birth to a single newborn, alive or dead, greater than 37 weeks per Capurro, with a birth weight greater than or equal to 4000 grams in the Department and Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Hospital de Clínicas - San Lorenzo, from January 1 to December 31, 2017. Results: With a significant difference (p <0.05), the study shows an opportunity for cesarean sections with 64 (84.21%) as the means of termination of pregnancy, being 5.77 times higher in pregnancies with a macrosomic fetus. Injuries to the birth canal were reported in 8 (10.53%) in macrosomic newborn deliveries and 46 (30.26%) in controls, representing a significant difference. Conclusion: maternal risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia are: anterior macrosomia, pre-pregnancy maternal obesity, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and a weight gain> 15 kg during pregnancy. Most of the women studied were of urban origin, in common union, housewives and with secondary schooling, but they did not turn out to be risk factors for macrosomic newborns. No association was found between fetal macrosomia and gestational diabetes.


Assuntos
Cesárea , Diabetes Gestacional , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Hipertensão , Obesidade , Aumento de Peso , Incidência , Fatores de Risco , Ginecologia
3.
Adv Rheumatol ; 59: 47, 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088596

RESUMO

Abstract Background: To determine the burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) on patients' work productivity and health related quality of life (HRQoL), and examine the influence of several exposure variables; to analyze the progression of RA over 1 year and its impact on work productivity and HRQoL. Methods: International multicenter prospective survey including patients in 18 centers in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico with diagnosis of RA and aged between 21-55 years. The following standard questionnaires were completed at baseline and throughout a 1-year follow-up: WPAI:RA, WALS, WLQ-25, EQ-5D-3 L and SF-36. Clinical and demographic variables were also collected through interview. Results: The study enrolled 290 patients on baseline visit. Overall mean scores at baseline visit were: WPAI:RA (presenteeism) = 29.5% (SD = 28.8%); WPAI:RA (absenteeism) = 9.0% (SD = 23.2%); WPAI:RA (absenteeism and presenteeism) = 8.6% (SD = 22.6%); WALS = 9.0 (SD = 6.1); WLQ-25 = 7.0% (SD = 5.1%); SF-36 Physical Scale = 39.1 (SD = 10.3) and Mental Scale = 45.4 (SD = 11.3); EQ-5D-3 L VAS = 69.8 (SD = 20.4) and EQ-5D-3 L index = 0.67 (SD = 0.23). Higher educational levels were associated with better results in WLQ-25, while previous orthopedic surgeries reduced absenteeism results of WPAI:RA and work limitations in WLQ-25. Higher disease duration was associated with decreased HRQoL. Intensification of disease activity was associated with decreased work productivity and HRQoL, except in WLQ-25. In the longitudinal analysis, worsening in disease activity was associated with a decrease in both work productivity and HRQoL. Conclusions: RA patients are dealing with workplace disabilities and limitations and loss in HRQoL, and multiple factors seems to be associated with this. Worsening of disease activity further decreased work productivity and HRQoL, stressing the importance of disease tight control.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Eficiência , Desempenho Profissional , Argentina , Artrite Reumatoide/cirurgia , Artrite Reumatoide/prevenção & controle , Brasil , Estudos Prospectivos , Colômbia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tamanho da Amostra , Progressão da Doença , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Absenteísmo , Escolaridade , Presenteísmo/estatística & dados numéricos , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , México
5.
Humanidad. med ; 8(1): 0-0, ene.-abr. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-738620

RESUMO

Fueron analizados quince artículos que publicó la Revista Cubana de Enfermería en direrentes números en el período que va del 2004 al 2007. El estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo permitió identificar que el tratamiento de categorías que pertenecen a la Historia, a la Filosofía, a la Epistemología, a la Sociología y a la Etica de la Enfermería no aparece relacionado con el campo de los estudios sociales sobre la ciencia y la tecnología en salud. La mayor dificultad que se ha detectado en la mayoría de los artículos es la tendencia de pensar y de aplicar la Bioética sin detenerse en las peculiaridades históricas y sociopolíticas de esta propuesta de normatividad.


They were analyzed fifteen articles that were published by the Cuban Magazine of Nursery in different numbers in the period going from 2004 to 2007. The descriptive and retrospective study allowed identifying that the treatment of categories that belong to the History, to the Philosophy, to the Epistemology, to the Sociology and the Ethics of Nursery doesn't appear related with the field of the social studies on the science and the technology in health. The biggest difficulty that it has been detected in most of the articles is the tendency of thinking and of applying the Bio-ethics without stopping in the historical and sociopolitical peculiarities of normatively proposal.

6.
Humanidad. med ; 6(2): 0-0, Mayo-ago. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-738580

RESUMO

Al describir la trayectoria tecnológica desde el año 1987 al 2006 de un cabezal empleado para intervenciones neuroquirúrgicas de cráneo se hacen explícitas las innovaciones realizadas al mismo; además, se revela el impacto social de su empleo en los servicios de Neurocirugía del Hospital Manuel Ascunce de la provincia de Camagüey. Se valora que el perfeccionamiento de este equipo garantizó una mejor calidad del proceso operatorio y de sus resultados. Enuncian los innovadores la forma de acoplarlo con otras tecnologías quirúrgicas de punta, por ejemplo, con el marco estereotáctico y los separadores cerebrales de Leyla, así como, el uso independiente de una de sus partes en el tratamiento de las luxofracturas cervicales. Todas estas innovaciones, si se comparan con la tecnología inicial, permiten ampliar la gama de explotación del cabezal y lo convierten en un equipo novedoso.


While describing the technological trajectory, from 1987 to 2006, of a bloster used for cranium neurosurgical interventions become explicit the innovations made to it; aldo is revealed the social impact of its use in the Neurosurgery Services of the Manuel Ascunce Dopmenech Hospital of Camaguey province. It is valued that the improvement of this equipment guaranteed a better quality of surgical process and its resuts. The innovators enunciate the way of coupling it with other surgical technologies, such as the stereostatic frame and Leyla ´ s brain separators, as well as the independent use of one of its parts in the treatment of cervical luxofractures. All these innovations, compared to the innitial technology, allow to enlarge the range of explotation of the bloster and transform it into a newsworthy equipment.

7.
Humanidad. med ; 6(3): 0-0, sep.-dic. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-738641

RESUMO

El estrés oxidativo es un desequilibrio oxidante/antioxidante que se produce en el organismo por múltiples causas, a su vez puede ser la razón de muchas enfermedades; su diagnóstico y prevención pueden conducir al logro de mejor calidad de vida, para reflejar en que punto de este diagnóstico podemos ubicar nuestras condiciones de laboratorio se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la trayectoria tecnológica del problema y evaluamos en qué posición nos encontramos respecto al mundo y al país. Se demostró según lo revisado y de acuerdo a las etapas de desarrollo tecnológico descritas que en el caso de la provincia de Camagüey el diagnóstico de estrés oxidativo, aún se encuentra en la fase de optimización inicial.


The oxidative stress is a lack of proxidizelantioxidize balance that takes place in the organism by multiple causes, at the same time it could be the reason of many illnesses; its diagnosis and prevention can lead to the achivement of better life quality. To show where, in that diagnosis, our laboratory conditions can be located, a bibliographical revision of the technological trajectory of the problem was carried out, and we evaluated in what position we are, regarding the world and the country. It was demostrated, according to what we revised and to the described stages of the technological development, taht in trhe case of Camaguey province the diagnosis of the oxidative stress is in the initial optimization phase.

8.
Humanidad. med ; 5(1): 0-0, ene.-abr. 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-738534

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio analítico descriptivo en abril del 2003 de la investigación titulada: Evolución histórica de la medicina en Puerto Príncipe, finalizada en 1997. Dicho estudio permitió evaluar, por un lado, las subhistorias que estructuran a la misma y que la acercan a ser un reflejo documental de la manera en que se fraguaron los rasgos de la profesión médica en el Príncipe Colonial, y por el otro, las narraciones que desdibujan dicha fragua. Ambos lados enriquecen los instrumentos didácticos que cumplen con el objetivo de enseñar una HISTORIA DE LA MEDICINA, con fuertes visos de localidad en la Universidad Médica del Camagüey.


A descriptive analytic study was carried out in April 2003 on the investigation: Historical evolution of the medicine in Puerto Principe. This study allowed to evaluated, on one hand, the side histories that structure and bring it near to be a documental reflection in the way the features of the medical profession were forged in the Colonial Puerto Principe, and on the other hand the narrations that blacken this forge. Both sides enrich the didactic instruments that fulfill the objective of teaching a History of Medicine, with strong town slips in the Medical University in Camagüey.

9.
Humanidad. med ; 3(2): 0-0, Mayo-ago. 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-738493

RESUMO

Los autores explican el rol que desempeña la disciplina HISTORIA DE LA MEDICINA en el proceso de formación del invariante de habilidad, que unido al invariante de conocimiento permitirá que el futuro profesional de la salud pueda actuar. Se evalúan las preconcepciones que tienen los estudiantes sobre la medicina y se ofrecen recursos didácticos para aprender a definir el arte médico. Valorándose el significado que posee ese recurso para la proyección académica, investigativa y laboral de los mismos.


The authors explain the role of the discipline HISTORY OF MEDICINE in the process of formation of the ability invariant that together to the knowledge invariant will allow the future health professional 's activity . The preconceptions that students have on medicine are evaluated and didactic resources to learn how to define medicine are offered. The impact this resource has in the academic, investigative and working areas of students' lives is also valued.

10.
Humanidad. med ; 4(2): 0-0, Mayo-ago. 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-738521

RESUMO

Cada uno de los cuatro epígrafes que contiene la estructura lógica este artículo, pretenden esclarecer primero, desde el punto de vista conceptual e histórico, la imagen desacertada que identifica a la ciencia con la profesión médica, imagen que no entra a considerar su unidad y diferencia. Y, en segundo orden, intentan hacer énfasis en la necesidad de comprender el objeto de la ciencia y el de la profesión médica, como modos de actuar sobre la actividad vital del individuo, la familia y la comunidad para investigarla o transformarla y, no sólo, como formas de atención a la salud o la enfermedad. El uso de las referencias bibliográficas reservan el propósito de avalar las tesis que sostienen los autores, en su afán de demostrar, que el objeto de la profesión médica hay que pensarlo de un modo empírico y de un modo teórico. Una matriz conceptual que oriente la comprensión de las diferentes miradas existentes sobre la profesión médica y su objeto, buscando los puntos de contacto de éste con el objeto de estudio de la ciencia y la manera de comprender cómo han evolucionado ambos a lo largo de la historia requiere, al menos, a modo de pinceladas, de unas notas lo suficientemente aclaratorias sobre cuatro elementos de partida: Los vínculos histórico-genésicos existentes entre profesión médica y ciencia médica; ¿Qué se entiende por el objeto de una profesión?; el tono seductor de un discurso cómodo sobre el objeto de la profesión médica y algunos principios para analizar el objeto de la profesión y el de la ciencia médica.


Each one of the four sections that the logical structure of this article contains seeks to clarify first, from the conceptual and historical point of view, the unhappy image that identifies science with the medical profession, image that doesn't consider their unity and difference. In the other hand, they try to make emphasis in the necessity of understanding the object of science and that of the medical profession, as ways of acting on the individual's vital activity, the family and the community to investigate it or to transform it and, not only, as forms of health or illness attention. The use of bibliographical references reserves the purpose of endorsing the theses that the authors sustain, in its desire to demonstrate that the object of the medical profession is to think it in both an empiric and theoretical ways.A conceptual basis that guides the understanding of the different perspectives in the medical profession and its object, looking for points of contact among this, science's object of study and the way of understanding how both have evolved, which requires four departure elements.

11.
Humanidad. med ; 3(3): 0-0, oct.-dic. 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-738508

RESUMO

Los Estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología también reconocidos bajo el nombre Estudios Ciencia- Tecnología- Sociedad (CTS), es un campo científico que a pesar de su relativa juventud es considerado un campo bien consolidado de investigación académica, en las áreas de la política científica y educación, Los Estudios CTS ponen énfasis en los aspectos sociales del fenómeno ciencia y tecnología en sus consecuencias sociales y ambientales, por eso su enfoque general es de carácter crítico respecto a las imágenes o visiones clásicas de la ciencia y la tecnología que aún resultan predominantes, y orienta hacia una actitud vigilante alrededor de la actividad científica. Sus valiosas estructuras teóricas y conceptuales son fundamentales para el análisis de las ciencias y tecnologías de la salud, lo que lo convierte en un instrumento de elevado significado para la educación médica superior y la práctica y la ciencia de la Salud Pública en general. La presente estrategia educativa permite actualizar los paradigmas desde los cuáles se piensa sobre las interrelaciones ciencia-tecnología-sociedad; como respuesta a las necesidades de satisfacer demandas cognoscitivas en ésta área. El objetivo esencial de la estrategia consiste en proporcionar visiones cada vez más desarrolladas y amplias sobre la actividad científico-tecnológica, de modo que promuevan una actitud ética y responsable de los profesionales de la salud. El Diplomado que se propone forma parte del Sistema de Educación Postgraduada del Centro de Humanidades y Ética en Ciencias de la Salud y ha sido aprobado por la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública con carácter internacional.


The social studies of science and technology, also known as Science - Technology - Society Studies (CTS), is a scientific field that in spite of its relative youth is considered a consolidated field of academic investigation, in the scientific politics and education areas. CTS Studies emphasize the social aspects of the science-technology phenomenon in its social and environmental consequences, for that reason it regards critically the images or classic approaches of science and technology that are still predominant. It also guides towards a careful attitude around the scientific activity. Their valuable theoretical and conceptual structures are fundamental for the analysis of health sciences and technologies, which turns it into a meaningful instrument of higher medical education and of the theory and practice of Public Health in general. These educational strategy allows upgrading the paradigms from which the interrelations science-technology-society are analyzed, as a way to answer the necessities of satisfying cognitive demands in this area. The essential objective of the strategy consists of providing better developed and vaster visions of the scientific-technological activity, so that this promotes an ethical and responsible attitude among health professionals. The post graduate course proposed is part of the Postgraduate System of Education of the Center of Humanities and Ethics in Health Sciences and it has been approved by the Public Health National School as an international course.

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