RESUMO
Replication-dependent histone mRNAs are the only metazoan mRNAs that are not polyadenylated, ending instead in a conserved stem-loop sequence. Histone pre-mRNAs lack introns and are processed in the nucleus by a single cleavage step, which produces the mature 3' end of the mRNA. We have systematically examined the requirements for the nuclear export of a mouse histone mRNA using the Xenopus oocyte system. Histone mRNAs were efficiently exported when injected as mature mRNAs, demonstrating that the process of 3' end cleavage is not required for export factor binding. Export also does not depend on the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) since mutations of the stem-loop that prevent SLBP binding and competition with a stem-loop RNA did not affect export. Only the length of the region upstream of the stem-loop, but not its sequence, was important for efficient export. Histone mRNA export was blocked by competition with constitutive transport element (CTE) RNA, indicating that the mRNA export receptor TAP is involved in histone mRNA export. Consistent with this observation, depletion of TAP from Drosophila cells by RNAi resulted in the restriction of mature histone mRNAs to the nucleus.
Assuntos
Histonas/genética , Proteínas de Transporte Nucleocitoplasmático/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Drosophila/genética , Drosophila/metabolismo , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Camundongos , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Proteínas de Transporte Nucleocitoplasmático/genética , Oócitos/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Processamento Pós-Transcricional do RNA , RNA Mensageiro/química , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Transfecção , Xenopus laevis , Fatores de Poliadenilação e Clivagem de mRNA/genética , Fatores de Poliadenilação e Clivagem de mRNA/metabolismoRESUMO
Transport of proteins and RNA into and out of the cell nucleus is mediated largely by a family of RanGTP-binding transport receptors. Export receptors (exportins) need to bind RanGTP for efficient loading of their export cargo. We have identified eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) and tRNA as RanGTP-dependent binding partners of exportin-5 (Exp5). Exp5 stimulates nuclear export of eEF1A when microinjected into the nucleus of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Surprisingly, the interaction between eEF1A and Exp5 is dependent on tRNA that can interact directly with Exp5 and, if aminoacylated, recruits eEF1A into the export complex. These data suggested to us that Exp5 might support tRNA export. Indeed, not only the canonical tRNA export receptor, exportin-t, but also Exp5 can drive nuclear export of tRNA. Taken together, we show that there exists an alternative tRNA export pathway which can be exploited to keep eEF1A out of the cell nucleus.