RESUMO
CagA and OipA are involved, among other virulence factors, in the ability of Helicobacter pylori to colonize the gastric mucosa and to modulate the host environment during the establishment of chronic infection. The number and type of EPIYA phosphorylation motifs and the presence and functional status of oipA have been involved in the induction of cellular transformations playing an important role in the development of H. pylori associated gastric diseases. This work determined the prevalence of the oipA virulence factor and EPIYA motif patterns in cagA-positive H. pylori gastric biopsies from chronic gastritis patients from the Central-Western region of Venezuela. DNA was extracted directly from gastric biopsies collected by upper endoscopy from 113 patients. The EPIYA motif genotyping and oipA gene functional status was determined by PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis with the 3' variable region of cagA sequences was performed. Only Western-type EPIYA variants were detected: ABC (68.14%), ABCC (29.20%) and ABCCC (2.66%). High prevalence of strains with the oipA gene (93.8%) and its functional status "ON" (83%) was observed. No significant association between EPIYA motif patterns or oipA functional status with the histological changes in the gastric mucosa was found. Our study demonstrated the absolute predominance of the Western-type cagA gene in a Venezuelan admixed population. This is the first report showing oipA status of H. pylori strains in Venezuela. Further studies with a larger number of samples and including other pathologies are necessary to continue evaluating the role of the H. pylori virulence factors in the prevalence of gastric diseases in our country.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Gastrite/microbiologia , Variação Genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/classificação , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Biópsia , Doença Crônica , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Genótipo , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência , VenezuelaRESUMO
Tropical peatlands represent globally important carbon sinks with a unique biodiversity and are currently threatened by climate change and human activities. It is now imperative that proxy methods are developed to understand the ecohydrological dynamics of these systems and for testing peatland development models. Testate amoebae have been used as environmental indicators in ecological and palaeoecological studies of peatlands, primarily in ombrotrophic Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in the mid- and high-latitudes. We present the first ecological analysis of testate amoebae in a tropical peatland, a nutrient-poor domed bog in western (Peruvian) Amazonia. Litter samples were collected from different hydrological microforms (hummock to pool) along a transect from the edge to the interior of the peatland. We recorded 47 taxa from 21 genera. The most common taxa are Cryptodifflugia oviformis, Euglypha rotunda type, Phryganella acropodia, Pseudodifflugia fulva type and Trinema lineare. One species found only in the southern hemisphere, Argynnia spicata, is present. Arcella spp., Centropyxis aculeata and Lesqueresia spiralis are indicators of pools containing standing water. Canonical correspondence analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling illustrate that water table depth is a significant control on the distribution of testate amoebae, similar to the results from mid- and high-latitude peatlands. A transfer function model for water table based on weighted averaging partial least-squares (WAPLS) regression is presented and performs well under cross-validation (r(2)(apparent)= 0.76, RMSE = 4.29; r(2)(jack)= 0.68, RMSEP =5.18). The transfer function was applied to a 1-m peat core, and sample-specific reconstruction errors were generated using bootstrapping. The reconstruction generally suggests near-surface water tables over the last 3,000 years, with a shift to drier conditions at c. cal. 1218-1273 AD.
Assuntos
Amoeba/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sphagnopsida/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Áreas Alagadas , Amoeba/classificação , Amoeba/isolamento & purificação , Monitoramento Ambiental , Água Subterrânea , Hidrologia , Modelos Teóricos , Peru , Dinâmica Populacional , SoloRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) is one of the major virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori, showing considerable geographic variation. AIM: We investigated the prevalence of cagA, cagE, and cagT genes of cag-PAI and their association with proinflammatory IL-1B-511/-31/+3954 polymorphisms in Venezuelan chronic gastritis patients from a high-risk gastric cancer region. METHODS: Presence of cag-PAI genes and IL-1B polymorphisms in 121 biopsy specimens was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), respectively. RESULTS: cagA (+) and triple-positive (cagAET (+)) strains were detected in 79.3% and 70.2% of patients, respectively. We found that infection with cagA (+) and cagAET (+) strains was associated (P < 0.05) with hosts harboring both IL-1B +3954C allele and IL-1B-511T/-31C/+3954C haplotype (TCC (+)). The frequency of gastric atrophy was significantly higher (P < 0.020) among cagAET (+)/IL-1B-TCC (+) combined genotype carriers. CONCLUSION: Carriage of IL-1B +3954C allele and IL-1B-TCC (+) haplotype could favor colonization of bacterial cagAET (+) strains, and the combination of these bacterial and host haplotypes could play a synergistic role in development of premalignant gastric lesions. This work contributes to understanding of the complex interaction between H. pylori virulence factors and cytokine genotypes involved in gastrointestinal diseases.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Gastrite/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/classificação , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Gastrite/epidemiologia , Gastrite/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Codon 72 polymorphism of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 has been associated with a higher risk in the development of several types of cancer. The polymorphism results in a variant protein with either an arginine (CGC) or a proline residue (CCC). The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with the risk of developing gastric cancer in a high-risk population from the central-western region of Venezuela. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded gastric adenocarcinoma biopsies (n=65) and endoscopic biopsies from chronic gastritis patients (n=87). TP53 codon 72 polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP from all samples. Patients with gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency (P = 0.037) of the Arg allele than those with chronic gastritis. A logistic regression analysis suggested that Arg carrier individuals had a 4.6-fold higher risk (95% CI 1.0-21.3) of developing gastric cancer. An increment of the Arg/Arg genotype was observed in poor-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (OR: 3.1; 95% CI 1.0-9.2), and of the Arg/Pro genotype in well/moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma samples (OR: 3.5; 95% CI 1.1-11.0), when comparing within the gastric cancer samples; and the last group also when contrasting it with chronic gastritis patients (OR: 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.2). The results of this study suggest that the carriage of the Arg allele could be associated with the development of gastric cancer in this Venezuelan population.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Códon/genética , Genes p53 , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diferenciação Celular , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Feminino , Gastrite/epidemiologia , Gastrite/genética , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes that protect the ends of eucaryotic chromosomes from degradation and recombination. In humans, telomeres measure 10-12 kbp in normal somatic cells, but they scarcely reach 1-2 kbp in tumor cells of rapid growth, due to the incomplete replication of these structures in each mitotic division. Telomeres shorten with age, which can be associated to genomic instability and to an increment of the risk of suffering from cancer. The standard method to measure the telomere length is the analysis of telomeric restriction fragments by Southern blot. However, a precise determination is not possible when the DNA is broken into small fragments or if it is scarce. In this work, a slot blot assay was adapted to quantify the relative content, instead of the length, of telomeric DNA from paraffin-embedded archival specimens of colon adenocarcinoma. The telomeric DNA content could be reproducibly measured with hardly 75 ng of highly degraded genomic DNA by chemiluminescent detection for hybridization.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/química , Neoplasias do Colo/química , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Telômero/química , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Bactérias , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Biópsia , Biotinilação , Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Fragmentação do DNA , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Feminino , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fixação de Tecidos/métodosRESUMO
AIM: To explore the association between TCF7L2 rs12255372 and rs7903146 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gastric cancer risk in Venezuelan patients. METHODS: We performed a case-control study including 122 paraffin-embedded archived intestinal-type gastric cancer samples and 129 biopsies obtained by superior endoscopy from chronic gastritis patients. Gastric cancer samples were classified according the degree of carcinoma differentiation. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissues, and the two SNPs of TCF7L2 gene (rs12255372 and rs7903146) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism reactions. Multiple regression analysis with adjustments for age and gender were performed and best-fitting models of inheritance were determined. Statistic powers were post-hoc calculated. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and sex the TCF7L2 rs7903146 TT genotype was associated with gastric cancer risk under the recessive genetic model (OR = 3.11, 95%CI: 1.22-7.92, P = 0.017). We further investigated the distribution of rs12255372 and rs7903146 genotypes according gastric cancer stratified by degree of differentiation, and we observed that carriers of rs7903146 T allele (CT + TT vs CC) had a significantly increased risk of moderate/well differentiated gastric cancer (dominant model, OR = 2.55, 95%CI: 1.35-4.80, P = 0.004), whereas the rs7903146 TT genotype was associated with poorly differentiated gastric cancer in the recessive model (OR = 3.65, 95%CI: 1.25-10.62, P = 0.018). We did not find association between rs12255372 SNP and the susceptibility of developing gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism is associated with gastric cancer risk in the Venezuelan population, and could be related to determine the degree of differentiation of tumor cells.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Proteína 2 Semelhante ao Fator 7 de Transcrição/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Regressão , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , VenezuelaRESUMO
Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world, being Central and South America among the regions showing the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Although several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the chromosomal region 8q24 by genome-wide association studies have been related with the risk of different kinds of cancers, their role in the susceptibility of gastric cancer in Latin American populations has not been evaluated yet. Hereby, we performed a case-control study to explore the associations between three SNPs at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk in Venezuelan patients. We analyzed rs1447295, rs4733616 and rs6983267 SNPs in 122 paraffin-embedded tumor samples from archival bank and 129 samples with chronic gastritis (obtained by upper endoscopy during the study) from the Central Hospital of Barquisimeto (Lara, Venezuela). Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP reactions designed in this study for efficient genotyping of formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded tissues. No significant differences in genotype frequencies between case and control groups were found. However, carriers of the homozygous TT genotype of SNP rs4733616 had an increased risk of developing poorly differentiated gastric cancer according to the codominant (OR=3.59, P=0.035) and the recessive models (OR=4.32, P=0.014, best-fitting model of inheritance), adjusted by age and gender. Our study suggests that the SNP rs4733616 is associated with susceptibility to poorly differentiated gastric cancer in Venezuelans. Additional studies are needed to further interrogate the prognostic value of the rs4733616 marker in this high-risk population for gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 8 , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , VenezuelaRESUMO
El nódulo mamario constituye uno de los principales motivos de consulta médica en la población femenina. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal cuyo objetivo fue comparar los resultados citológicos por punción aspiración con aguja fina versus biopsia definitiva de nódulo sólido mamario imagenológicamente benigno en 31 pacientes que asistieron al Servicio de Cirugía Ambulatoria del Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio María Pineda y a un centro privado. La mayor prevalencia de nódulos se observó en el grupo etario de 21 a 30 años (35,48%), siendo el 66,67% ecográficamente BIRADS 3; por hallazgos mamográficos sólo se reportó BIRADS 3 y BIRADS 4a en 11,11% de los casos, respectivamente. Los resultados citológicos de la PAAF demuestran que el fibroadenoma fue la más frecuente de las lesiones benignas (69,44%) mientras que los resultados histopatológicos evidencian un 88,88% de casos de fibroadenoma y 5,56% de casos de condición fibroquística y tumor phyllodes benigno, respectivamente. Hubo una concordancia de 100% entre los resultados citológicos obtenidos por PAAF y los resultados histológicos obtenidos por biopsia(AU)
Breast nodules are one of the most common causes of medical consultation in women. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in order to compare cytological findings by fine needle aspiration versus definitive biopsy in apparently benign solid breast nodules in 31 patients who attended the Servicio de Cirugía Ambulatoria of the Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio Maria Pineda and a private clinic. The highest nodule prevalence was observed in the 21-30 years old group (35.48%) being sonographically BIRADS 3 in 66.67% of cases; by mammography, BIRADS 3 and BIRADS 4a was only present in 11.11% of cases, respectively. The most common lesion by fine needle aspiration was fibroadenoma (69.44%). The most common lesion by biopsy was fibroadenoma (88.88%) and fibrocystic condition and benign phyllodes tumor in 5.56% of cases, respectively. There was a 100% agreement between cytological findings obtained by fine needle aspiration and histological results obtained by biopsy(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha , Mamografia , Cisto Mamário/fisiopatologia , Doenças Mamárias , Neoplasias da Mama , Diagnóstico por ImagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of chronic gastritis and an established risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. This bacterium also exhibits an extraordinarily high genetic diversity. METHODS: The genetic diversity of H. pylori strains from Venezuelan patients with chronic gastritis was evaluated by PCR-typing of vacA, cagA, iceA, and babA2 virulence-associated genes using DNA extracted directly from biopsies. The nucleotide sequence and prevalence of size variants of iceA1, iceA2, and babA2 PCR products were introduced in this analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of vacA s1 was associated (p<0.01) with moderate/severe grades of atrophic gastritis. The cagA, iceA1, iceA2, and babA2 genotypes were found in 70.6%, 66.4%, 33.6%, and 92.3% of strains, respectively. The frequency of iceA2 and its subtype iceA2_D were higher (p<0.015) in cases with moderate/severe granulocytic inflammation. The most prevalent combined genotypes were vacA s1m1/cagA/iceA1/babA2 (26.3%), vacA s2m2/iceA1/babA2 (19.5%), and vacA s1m1/cagA/iceA2/babA2 (18.8%). Sequence analysis of iceA1, iceA2, and babA2 PCR-amplified fragments allowed us to define allelic variants and to increase the number of genotypes detected (from 19 to 62). A phylogenetic tree made with iceA1 sequences showed that the H. pylori strains analyzed here were grouped with those of Western origin. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that patients from the western region of Venezuela have an elevated prevalence of infection with H. pylori strains carrying known virulence genotypes with high genetic diversity. This highlights the importance of identifying gene variants for an early detection of virulent genotypes.
Assuntos
Gastrite/microbiologia , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Virulência/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Genes Bacterianos , Helicobacter pylori/classificação , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Venezuela , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of chronic gastritis (CG) and a firmly established carcinogen for gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. In this work we studied the association of the allelic variation of H. pylori-iceA virulence factor and human proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1 polymorphisms (IL-1B-31, IL-1B-511, IL-1B+3954 and IL-1RN) with histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa of patients with CG in Venezuela, a country with a high incidence of and mortality from gastric cancer. Although in this work the iceA1 allele was found more frequently (69.7%), iceA2 allele prevalence was higher in samples with atrophic gastritis (AG) and more severe grades of granulocytic (G2/G3) [P=0.02; odds ratio (OR) 3.3] and lymphocytic infiltration (L2/L3). The carriage of iceA2 strains combined with proinflammatory IL-1 polymorphisms IL-1-31C or IL-1-511T allele carrier genotypes increased even more the risk of presenting G2/G3 with ORs of 5.1 and 5.4, respectively. Moreover, the iceA2/IL-1B-511T and iceA2/IL-1B-31C/-511T/IL-1RN(*)2 bacteria/host genotype combinations showed a significant association with AG and L2/L3, respectively. Despite not being well established, the bacterial risk factor iceA2 seems an important predictor of severe histological changes in CG, separately or in combination with host genetic factors in the Venezuelan population.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infecções por Helicobacter/genética , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Interleucina-1/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/imunologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Interleucina-1/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Venezuela , Fatores de Virulência/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Genetic predisposition may play a role in the prevalence of gastric cancer (GC). AIM: To investigate the relationship between selected interleukin-1 (IL-1) loci polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk in the Central-Western region of Venezuela, where gastric cancer represents the first cause of cancer-related deaths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a case-control study we compared the frequencies of IL-1B-511 and IL-1B+3954 biallelic polymorphism, and the pentallelic VNTR of IL-IRN in 84 gastric adenocarcinoma paraffin-embedded biopsies and 84 endoscopic biopsies from cancer-free controls. RESULTS: No significant increase in genotypic frequencies in gastric cancer was observed for any of the IL-1B-511 allelic combinations. However, in a logistic regression analysis, a significant association emerged for the IL-1B+3954C carrier genotype (odds ratio (OR): 6.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3-28.8). On the other hand, a significantly higher risk was evidenced for the IL-IRN*2/*2 genotype (OR: 7.0; 95% CI2.3-21.5). Only patients with a well/moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma that were homozygotes for the E-IRN*2/*2 genotype, had a higher risk than the complete gastric cancer group (OR: 8.1, 95% CI 2.5-26.8). Some genotype combinations among IL-1B-511, IL-1B+3954 and IL-IRN showed an increased risk for developing gastric cancer and well/moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma, that was dependent of the presence of IL-IRN*2/*2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS: IL-IRN*2/*2 genotype is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in the Venezuelan population.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Interleucina-1/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Venezuela , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: El Helicobacter pylori es una bacteria reconocida como agente causal de gastritis crónica, además de asociarse al desarrollo de úlcera gástrica, duodenal y está relacionada con el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo experimental, incluyendo a los pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de Gastroenterología del Hospital "Dr. Antonio María Pineda" Barquisimeto en los meses de juniooctubre de 2009 presentando dispepsia, criterios de inclusión y exclusión; se les practicó endoscopia digestiva superior con biopsia de mucosa gástrica para test de ureasa rápida, estudio histológico y determinación de los genotipos de cagA y vacA H. pylori por Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR). Al confirmar la infección por la bacteria se indicó tratamiento con amoxicilina, claritromicina y pantoprazol durante 14 días consecutivos. A las 8 semanas de culminada la medicación, se practicó el segundo estudio endoscópico superior con toma de biopsias para test de ureasa rápida y estudio anatomopatológico. Resultados: Un total de 60 pacientes fueron incluidos, 76,7% mujeres y 23,3% hombres, edad promedio 38,3 años. La prevalencia de infección por H. pylori fue de 98,3% por test de ureasa y 86,67% por histología, el síntoma más frecuente asociado antes, durante y posterior a la medicación con triple cura fue la epigastralgía. Hubo un predominio de los genotipos cagA en 84,5% y las formas alélicas s1/m1 55,2%. El 56,3% de los pacientes que presentaban genotipo vacA s1/m1 respondió al tratamiento. Un 56,7% de los pacientes no respondió a la terapia triple, el 66,7% contaba con la forma alélica s2/m2 del vacA y 57,1% presentaba el genotipo cagA-positivo. Conclusión: La triple cura resulto ineficaz en el tratamiento para la infección por Helicobacter pylori en la población estudiada y presentar la forma alélica vacA s1/m1 es estadísticamente significativo para responder a esta terapia farmacológica...
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria known as causal agent of chronic gastritis, as well as being associated to the development of gastric and duodenal ulcer and related to the development of gastric cancer. Goal: to establish the triple therapy based pharmacological treatment efficacy on patients with dyspepsia and proved H. pylori infection. Materials and methods: It was done an experimental type study, including patients that underwent evaluation on "Dr. Antonio Maria Pineda" University Hospital´s gastroenterology service, in Barquisimeto, between June October 2009, who presented dyspepsia and fulfilled the inclusion exclusion criteria, they underwent a superior digestive endoscopy with gastric mucous membrane biopsy for fast urease test, histologic evaluation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test aid establishment of cagA and vacA H. pylori genotype. When H. pylori infection was confirmed, a 14 continuous days amoxicillin, clarithromycin and pantoprazole based treatment was prescribed. 8 weeks later the ending of the pharmacological treatment a second superior digestive endoscopy including rapid urease test and histopathological assessment biopsy was performed. Results: 60 patients were included, 76,7% women and 23,4% men, average age 38,3 years old. The H. pyloris prevalence were 98,3% by rapid urease test and 86,67 by histological assess, the most frequent related symptom before, through an after pharmacological triple therapy was epigastric pain. There was cagA genotype and s1/m1 allelic form predominance by 84, 5% and 55,2% respectively. 56,3% of vacA s1/m1 patients had a positive response to treatment. Triple therapy failed on 56,7% of patients, of them, 66,7% had the s2/m2 vacA´s allelic form and 57,1% had cagA genotype...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Mecanismos Defensivos e Curativos , Dispepsia/complicações , Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/terapia , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Gastroenterologia , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodosRESUMO
La dispepsia afecta la calidad de vida de muchos pacientes y en muchos casos está asociada a la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Esta bacteria es reconocida como el agente causal de la gastritis crónica, se asocia al desarrollo de úlceras gástrica y duodenal y está relacionada con el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico. Como objetivo primario se planteó establecer los hallazgos clínicos, endoscópicos e histológicos asociados a la infección por Helicobacter pylori considerando los genotipos cag A y vac A en pacientes con dispepsia que acudieron al Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Central Universitario Antonio María Pineda. Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por los pacientes con dispepsia que acudieron al servicio y el muestreo fue de tipo no probabilístico intencional, puesto que se tomó a la población que consultó con síntomas dispépticos y que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. Dichos pacientes se interrogaron sobre síntomas dispépticos, se les realizó endoscopia digestiva superior, se describieron los hallazgos endoscópicos y se les tomó muestra para estudio histológico y de genotipificación. Se encontró una incidencia de infección por H. pylori de 98,5%, la infección predominó en el sexo femenino, los genotipos cag A positivos y las formas alélicas m1/s1 son los más frecuentes en la población estudiada y, los mismos se asocian con gastritis crónica, úlceras gástricas y metaplasia intestinal incompleta...
Dyspepsia affects quality of life for many patients and often is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. This bacterium is recognized as the causative agent of chronic gastritis, is associated with development of gastric and duodenal ulcers and, with the development of gastric cancer. Primary objective was raised to establish the clinical, endoscopic and histological findings associated with Helicobacter pylori infection considering genotypes cag A and vac A in patients with dyspepsia who attended the Gastroenterology Service of Hospital Central Universitario Antonio María Pineda. This is a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study. The population consisted of patients with dyspepsia who attended the gastroenterology service. The sampling was intentionally non-probabilistic, since we only took the people who consulted with dyspeptic symptoms and met the established criteria of inclusion and exclusion. These patients were questioned about dyspeptic symptoms, underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, endoscopic findings were described and samples were taken for histology and genotyping. We found an incidence of H. pylori of 98.5%, infection prevailed in females, the genotypes cag A positive and m1/s1 allelic forms are most frequent in the population studied and, the same is associated with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and intestinal metaplasia incomplete...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Dispepsia/complicações , Dispepsia , Endoscopia/métodos , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Técnicas de Genotipagem/métodos , GastroenterologiaRESUMO
Background: Genetic predisposition may play a role in the prevalence of gastric cancer (GC). Aim: To investigate the relationship between selected interleukin-1 (IL-1) loci polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk in the Central-Western region of Venezuela, where gastric cancer represents the first cause of cancer-related deaths. Material and methods: In a case-control study, we compared the frequencies of IL-1B-511 and IL-1B+3954 biallelic polymorphism, and the pentallelic VNTR of IL-IRN in 84 gastric adenocarcinoma paraffin-embedded biopsies and 84 endoscopic biopsies from cancer-free controls. Results: No significant increase in genotypic frequencies in gastric cancer was observed for any of the IL-1B-511 allelic combinations. However, in alogistic regression analysis, a significant association emerged for the IL- 1B+3954C carrier genotype (odds ratio (OR): 6.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3-28.8). On the other hand, a significantly higher risk was evidenced for the IL-IRN*2/*2 genotype (OR: 7.0; 95% CI 2.3-21.5). Only patients with awell/moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma that were homozygotes for the IL-IRN*2/*2 genotype, had a higher risk than the complete gastric cancer group (OR: 8.1, 95% CI 2.5-26.8). Some genotype combinations among IL-1B-511, IL-1B+3954 and IL-IRN showed an increased risk for developing gastric cancer and well/moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma, that was dependent of the presence of IL-IRN*2/*2 genotype. Conclusions: IL-IRN*2/*2 genotype is associated with increased risk of gastriccancer in the Venezuelan population.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Interleucina-1/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Frequência do Gene , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Venezuela , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El polimorfismo del codón 72 del gen TP53 ha sido asociado con un riesgo elevado para el desarrollo de cáncer. Este polimorfismo origina dos variantes de la proteína, una con un residuo de Arginina (CGC), y otra con Prolina (CCC). El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la asociación de este polimorfismo con el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer gástrico en individuos procedentes de la región centroccidental de Venezuela, considerada de alto riesgo para esta neoplasia maligna. El ADN fue extraído de biopsias de adenocarcinoma gástrico incluídas en parafina (n = 65) y biopsias endoscópicas de pacientes con gastritis crónica (n = 87). El polimorfismo del codón 72 de TP53 fue determinado por PCR-RFLP. Se observó un incremento significativo de la frecuencia del alelo Arg en los pacientes con cáncer gástrico (P = 0,037), originando un riesgo 4,6 veces mayor (95% IC 1,0-21,3) de desarrollar esta enfermedad. Se evidenció un incremento del genotipo Arg/Arg en adenocarcinoma gástrico poco diferenciado (OR: 3,1; 95% IC 1,0-9,2), y del genotipo Arg/Pro en adenocarcinoma de moderado/buen grado de diferenciación (OR: 3,5; 95% IC 1,1-11,0) al comparar con el grupo de cáncer gástrico, y este último también al contrastar con los individuos con gastritis crónica (OR: 2,4; 95% IC 1,1-5,2). Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la condición de portador del alelo Arg podría estar asociado con el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico en esta región de Venezuela.
Codon 72 polymorphism of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 has been associated with a higher risk in the development of several types of cancer. The polymorphism results in a variant protein with either an arginine (CGC) or a proline residue (CCC). The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with the risk of developing gastric cancer in a high-risk population from the central-western region of Venezuela. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded gastric adenocarcinoma biopsies (n = 65) and endoscopic biopsies from chronic gastritis patients (n = 87). TP53 codon 72 polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP from all samples. Patients with gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency (P = 0.037) of the Arg allele than those with chronic gastritis. A logistic regression analysis suggested that Arg carrier individuals had a 4.6-fold higher risk (95% CI 1.0-21.3) of developing gastric cancer. An increment of the Arg/Arg genotype was observed in poor-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (OR: 3.1; 95% CI 1.0-9.2), and of the Arg/Pro genotype in well/ moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma samples (OR: 3.5; 95% CI 1.1-11.0), when comparing within the gastric cancer samples; and the last group also when contrasting it with chronic gastritis patients (OR: 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.2). The results of this study suggest that the carriage of the Arg allele could be associated with the development of gastric cancer in this Venezuelan population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Biópsia/métodos , Códon/efeitos adversos , Polimorfismo Genético , Neoplasias Gástricas , OncologiaRESUMO
Los telómeros son complejos nucleoproteicos que protegen los extremos de cromosomas eucariotas de fenómenos de degradación y recombinación. En humanos, los telómeros miden 10-12 kpb en células somáticas normales, pero pueden reducirse hasta apenas 1-2 kpb en células tumorales de rápido crecimiento, debido a la replicación incompleta de estas estructuras en cada división mitótica. Los telómeros se acortan con la edad, lo cual puede estar asociado a inestabilidad genómica y a un incremento del riesgo de sufrir cáncer. El análisis de fragmentos de restricción teloméricos por Southern blot es en la actualidad el método estándar para la medición de la longitud de los telómeros. Sin embargo, una determinación precisa no es posible cuando el ADN está fragmentado o es escaso, como es el caso de las biopsias incluidas en parafina. En este trabajo se adecuó un ensayo de slot blot para cuantificar el contenido relativo, en lugar de la longitud, del ADN telomérico a partir de muestras de archivo de adenocarcinoma de colon. El contenido de ADN telomérico pudo ser medido de manera reproducible con apenas 75 ng de ADN genómico altamente degradado empleando detección de la hibridización por quimioluminiscencia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adenocarcinoma , Biópsia , Cromossomos , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Oncologia , VenezuelaRESUMO
Se presenta el primer caso autopsiado en Venezuela con enfermedad de Chagas por transmisión oral. Se trata de una joven de 24 años de edad con 8 semanas de embarazo quien contrajo la enfermedad conjuntamente con 71 niños y 14 adultos, la mayoría integrantes de la comunidad escolar Rómulo Monasterios en la localidad de Chichiriviche de la costa Vargas, donde ocurrió el segundo brote agudo de enfermedad de Chagas por transmisión oral registrado en Venezuela. El diagnóstico epidemiológico, clínico, serológico y parasitológico en sangre y líquido pleural extraídos en vida, fueron confirmados con los hallazgos histopatológicos y moleculares (PCR) de los tejidos. Se plantearon las características peculiares del caso así como algunos aspectos de la transmisión oral, ampliamente estudiados en nuestro país en animales de experimentación.
This first autopsy case with Chagas disease by oral transmissions in Venezuela is presented. This is a 24 year old girl with 8 weeks of pregnancy who contracted the disease together with 71 and 14 adults, the majority members of the school community Romulo Monasterios in the town of Vargas State, where occurred the second acute Chagas disease outbreak by oral transmission in Venezuela.The epidemiological, clinical, serological and parasitological diagnosis in the blood and pleural fluid extracted in life, were confirmed with the histopathology and molecular (PCR) finding in the tissues, Special features of the case are shown, as well as, some aspects of oral transmission widely studied in our country in experimental animals.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Gravidez , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/patologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/etiologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/parasitologia , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Natimorto , Ultrassonografia , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se presentan los resultados del estudio de 1638 biopsias cardiovasculares analizadas en la Sección de Patología Cardiovascular del Instituto Anatomopatológico "José Antonio O'Daly" procedentes del Hospital Universitario de Caracas en el período 02-01-1981 al 29-12-2000 (20 años). Todos los casos fueron evalados clínicamente y operados en los Servicios de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular respectivamente. La distribución de los casos por años mostró una variabilidad y fluctuación durante 19 años con un brusco y evidente aumento de la actividad en el año 2000. Las biopsias cardíacas y vasculares fueron distribuidas según su tipo: valvulares (n= 842 - 50 por ciento); vasculopatías (n= 383 - 23 por ciento); pericárdicas (n= 153 - 9 por ciento); Tumorales (n= 58 - 4 por ciento); miocárdicas (n= 27 - 2 por ciento); Endomiocárdicas (n= 149 - 9 por ciento) y misceláneos (n= 26 - 2 por ciento). El grupo misceláneo estaba formado por biopsias poco frecuentes de varios tipos de patologías como membranas subvalvulares aórticas y pulmonares, fragmentos de estructuras extirpadas durante la cirugía de cardiopatía congénita, fragmentos de vegetación, etc. Se hacen algunos comentarios sobre la práctica de la patología cardiovascular en nuestro país y se interpretan los resultados en relación al desarrollo y expansión de la cirugía cardiovascular en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas
Assuntos
Humanos , Biópsia , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Cardiologia , VenezuelaRESUMO
Con la finalidad de identificar factores de riesgo asociados a patologías de cuello uterino, se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 57 mujeres que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, a quienes se tomó muestra cervicouterina y con método de Papinicolaou fueron procesadas para identificar hallazgos citológicos según clasificación de Bethesda y a quienes se aplicó entrevista estructura que indagaba sobre aspectos personales y antecedentes de importancia, tales como edad, inicio de relaciones sexuales, némero de parejas, paridad, estrato socioeconómico, hábito tabaquito, uso de anticonceptivos y control citológico. De la muestras 61,40% presentaron cambios celulares benignos, predominando los inflamatorios (65,70%), siendo la inflamación leve la más común (45,71%); en 28,56% se identificaron procesos infecciosos, de estos 22,85% son atribuibles a Gardnerella vaginalis; 1,75% de las pacientes presentaron células epiteliales anormales, representando 100% de las neoplasias cervicales intraepiteliales (NIC I) y ninguna resultó insatisfactoria para la evaluación. Entre los factores de riesgos relevantes asociados a lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado se encontró la edad (15 a 45 años no menopáusica) en 75,43%; inicio temprano de relaciones sexuales (antes de 20 años) en 63,%; multiparidad (mas de dos partos) en 26,31% y uso de anticonceptivos orales y dispositivo intrauterino en 34,69% de la muestra para ambos métodos. No se pudo establecer diferencias según condiciones socioeconómicas considerando que 100% provenían del medio rural. Se sugiere aplicación de programas educativos que oriente a la población sobre factores de riesgo asociados a patologías cervicouterinas y promover el control citológico permanente para identificar patologías en estadíos preinvasores.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Biologia Celular , Colo do Útero/patologia , Esfregaço Vaginal , Ginecologia , VenezuelaRESUMO
Los tumores mixtos müllerianos malignos (TMMM), son neoplasias poco comunes; ellos representan menos del 1 por ciento de todas las neoplasias del ovario y anteriormente fueron denominados carcinosarcomas, dado que están constituidos por elementos epiteliales y sarcomatosos, ambos de apariencia histológica maligna. Dado lo infrecuente de estos tumores, presentamos el caso de una mujer nulípara, postmenopáusica, quien presentó un TMMM bilateral, con metástasis a pared uterina y colon sigmoides, revisando la literatura existente sobre estas lesiones