RESUMO
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration and systemic effects, including the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to assess the impact of a 14-day ketogenic diet (DCet) on biochemical and clinical parameters in a DMD mouse model. Young adult mice (50 days old) were fed DCet, while control groups received a standard diet. On the 14th day, memory and behavior tests were conducted, followed by biochemical evaluations of oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, body weight, feed intake, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. mdx + DCet mice showed reduced mass (0.2 g ± 2.49) and improved memory retention (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Oxidative damage in muscle tissue and CNS decreased, along with a significant cytokine level reduction (p <0.05). The protocol led to an increase in hippocampal BDNF and mitochondrial respiratory complex activity in muscle tissue and the central nervous system (CNS), while also decreasing creatine kinase activity only in the striatum. Overall, a 14-day DCet showed protective effects by improving spatial learning and memory through reductions in oxidative stress and immune response, as well as increases in BDNF levels, consistent with our study's findings.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to analyze the Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength (PFMS) of pregnant women with one or more vaginal or cesarean deliveries; to compare the PFMS of these with pregnant women with the PFMS of primiparous women. METHODS: cross-sectional study with women up to 12 weeks pregnant, performed in Itapecerica da Serra, São Paulo state, from December 2012 to May 2013. The sample consisted of 110 pregnant women with one or more vaginal deliveries or cesarean sections and 110 primigravidae. The PFMS was evaluated by perineometry (Peritron(tm)) and vaginal digital palpation (modified Oxford scale). RESULTS: the average PFMS in pregnant women with a history of vaginal delivery or cesarean section was 33.4 (SD=21.2) cmH2O. From the Oxford scale, 75.4% of the pregnant women with previous vaginal or cesarean deliveries presented grade ≤ 2, and 5.5% grade ≥ 4; among the primiparae, 39.9% presented grade ≤ 2, and 50.9% grade ≥ 4, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). From the perineometry, there was no statistically significant difference between the PFMS and age, type of delivery, parity, body mass index, and genitourinary tract symptoms, however, there was a statistically significant difference between the pregnant women with and without a history of episiotomy (p=0.04). In the palpation, none of the variables showed a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: pregnancy and childbirth can reduce the PFMS. .
OBJETIVOS: analisar a força muscular do assoalho pélvico de gestantes com um ou mais partos normais ou cesarianas; comparar a a força muscular do assoalho pélvico dessas gestantes com a de primigestas. MÉTODO: estudo transversal com gestantes até 12 semanas de gravidez, realizado em Itapecerica da Serra, SP, de dezembro de 2012 a maio de 2013. A amostra foi composta por 110 gestantes, com um ou mais partos normais ou cesarianas e 110 primigestas. A força muscular do assoalho pélvico foi avaliada pela perineometria e palpação digital vaginal (Escala de Oxford modificada). RESULTADOS: a média da força muscular do assoalho pélvico em gestantes com antecedentes de parto normal ou cesariana foi 33,4 (desvio-padrão=21,2) cmH2O. Pela escala de Oxford, 75,4% das gestantes com partos ou cesarianas anteriores apresentaram grau ≤2 e 5,5%, grau ≥4; entre as primigestas, 39,9% apresentaram grau ≤2 e 50,9%, grau ≥4, com diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). Pela perineometria, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a força muscular do assoalho pélvico e idade, tipo de parto, paridade, índice de massa corpórea e sintomas do trato geniturinário, mas houve entre as gestantes com e sem antecedente de episiotomia (p=0,04). Na palpação, nenhuma das variáveis mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: a gravidez e o parto podem reduzir a força muscular do assoalho pélvico. .
OBJETIVOS: analizar la Fuerza Muscular del Suelo Pélvico (FMSP) de embarazadas con uno o más partos normales o cesáreas; comparar la FMSP de estas embarazadas con la FMSP de primigestas. MÉTODO: estudio transversal con embarazadas hasta 12 semanas de embarazo, realizado en Itapecerica de la Serra, SP, de diciembre de 2012 a mayo de 2013. La muestra fue de 110 embarazadas con uno o más partos normales o cesáreas y 110 primigestas. La FMSP fue evaluada por la perineometría (Peritron(tm)) y palpación digital vaginal (escala de Oxford modificada). RESULTADOS: el promedio de la FMSP en embarazadas con antecedentes de parto normal o cesárea fue 33,4 (de=21,2) cmH2O. Por la escala de Oxford, 75,4% de las embarazadas con partos o cesáreas anteriores presentaron grado ≤ 2 y 5,5%, grado ≥ 4; entre las primigestas, 39,9% presentaron grado ≤ 2 y 50,9%, grado ≥ 4, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001). Por la perineometría, no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la FMSP y edad, tipo de parto, número de partos anteriores, índice de masa corporal y síntomas del tracto genitourinario, pero hubo entre las embarazadas con y sin antecedente de episiotomía (p=0,04). En la palpación, ninguna de las variables mostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa. CONCLUSIÓN: el embarazo y el parto pueden reducir la FMSP. .