RESUMO
Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) stands as the predominant type of brainstem glioma. It is characterized by a notably brief median survival period, with the majority of patients experiencing disease progression within six months following radiation therapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) compared to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) in DIPG treatment. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases, and relevant studies comparing HFRT and CFRT in DIPG were included. Data were extracted and analyzed for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment-related toxicities. Statistical analysis was performed using random-effects models with heterogeneity assessment. Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 518 patients. No significant difference in one-year OS was observed between HFRT and CFRT (29% vs. 22%, p = 0.94). The median OS was similar in both treatment groups (9.7 vs. 9.3 months, p = 0.324). Similarly, no significant difference in one-year PFS was found between HFRT and CFRT (19.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.82), with comparable median PFS (9.3 vs. 9.4 months, p = 0.20). In meta-regression analysis, there was no association of chemotherapy (p > 0.05) or radiation biologically effective dose (BED) (p > 0.05) regarding OS or PFS outcomes. There were no significant differences in treatment-related toxicities. Conclusions: HFRT yields one-year OS and PFS rates similar to CFRT in DIPG, with no significant differences in treatment-related toxicities. Chemotherapy and BED did not affect OS or PFS.
RESUMO
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of brainstem glioma (BCG) patients treated by radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiation (CHRT) in the last 20 years in a population cohort. Materials and methods: Patients diagnosed with BSG from 2000-2020 treated by RT or CHRT were identified from The Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo database. Data on age, gender, practice setting, period of treatment, and treatment modality were extracted. The overall survival (OS) was estimated, and the subgroups were compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional test was used in multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 253 patients with a median follow-up of 12 months were included. There were 197 pediatric and 56 adult patients. For the entire cohort, the 1 and 3-year OS was 46%, and 23%, with a median OS of 11 months. In the subgroup analysis, adults had a median survival of 33 months versus 10 months in pediatric patients (p = 0.002). No significant difference in OS between RT and CHRT was observed in pediatric or adult subgroups (p > 0.05). The use of CHRT has significantly increased over the years. In the multivariate analysis, adult patients were the only independent prognostic factor associated with a better OS (p < 0.001). Conclusions: BSG had poor survival with no significant improvement in the treatment outcomes over the last 20 years, despite the addition of chemotherapy. Adult patients were independently associated with better survival.
RESUMO
Background: The objective to assess the outcomes from different palliative radiotherapy (RT) schedules in incurable head and neck cancer (HNC), to evaluate if there is a relationship between RT dose, technique, and fractionation with tumor response in contrast to the occurrence of adverse effects. Materials and methods: Eligible studies were identified on Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and annual meetings proceedings through June 2020. Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, a cumulative meta-analysis of studies for overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), pain/dysphagia relief, and toxicity was performed. A meta-regression analysis was done to assess if there is a connection between RT dose, schedule, and technique with ORR. Results: Twenty-eight studies with 1,986 patients treated with palliative RT due to incurable HNC were included. The median OS was 6.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.6-7.4], and PFS was 3.6 months (95% CI: 2.7-4.3). The ORR, pain and dysphagia relief rates were 72% (95% CI: 0.6-0.8), 83% (95% CI: 52-100%), and 75% (95% CI: 52-100%), respectively. Conventional radiotherapy (2D-RT) or conformational radiotherapy (3D-RT) use were significantly associated with a higher acute toxicity rate (grade ≥ 3) than intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). On meta-regression analyses, the total biological effective doses (BED) of RT (p = 0.001), BED > 60 Gy10 (p = 0.001), short course (p = 0.01) and SBRT (p = 0.02) were associated with a superior ORR. Conclusions: Palliative RT achieves tumor response and symptom relief in incurable HNC patients. Short course RT of BED > 60 Gy using IMRT could improve its therapeutic ratio. SBRT should be considered when available.
RESUMO
Background: The safety and effectiveness of moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer were demonstrated by several trials. This study aimed to evaluate the current patterns of practice and prescription preference about moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy to assess possible aspects that affect the decision-making process regarding the use of fractionation in breast cancer patients in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We also aimed to identify factors that can restrain the utilization of moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer. Materials an methods: Radiation oncologists from LAC were invited to contribute to this study. A 38-question survey was used to evaluate their opinions. Results: A total of 173 radiation oncologists from 13 countries answered the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (84.9%) preferred moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy as their first choice in cases of whole breast irradiation. Whole breast plus regional nodal irradiation, post-mastectomy (chest wall and regional nodal irradiation) without reconstruction, and post-mastectomy (chest wall and regional node irradiation) with reconstruction hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy was preferred by 72.2% 71.1%, and 53.7% of respondents, respectively. Breast cancer stage, and flap-based breast reconstruction were the factors associated with absolute contraindications for the use of hypofractionated schedules. Conclusion: Even though moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer is considered a new standard to the vast majority of the patients, its unrestricted application in clinical practice across LAC still faces reluctance.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Similarly to several other upper-middle-income countries, there is a major shortfall in radiotherapy services for the treatment of cancer in Brazil. In this study, we developed the linear accelerator (LINAC) shortage index to assess the LINAC shortage and support the prioritisation of new LINAC distribution in Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional, population-based study used data from the National Cancer Institute 2020 Cancer estimates, the Ministry of Health 2019 radiotherapy census, the Minister of Health radiotherapy expansion programme progress reports, and the Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo public database of the Cancer Hospital Registry of the State of São Paulo to calculate the LINAC shortage index. Data collected were number of new cancer cases in Brazil, number of LINACs per region and state, number of cancer cases treated with radiotherapy, patient state of residence, and radiotherapy treatment centre and location. National, regional, and state-level data were collected for analysis. LINAC numbers, cancer incidence, geographical distribution, and radiotherapy needs were estimated. A LINAC shortage index was calculated as a relative measure of LINAC demand compared with supply based on number of new cancer cases, number of patients requiring radiotherapy, and the number of LINCAS in the region or state. We then built a prioritisation framework using the LINAC shortage index, cancer incidence, and geographical factors. Finally, using patient-level public cancer registry data from the Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo and Google maps, we estimated the geospatial distance travelled by patients with cancer from their state of residence to radiotherapy treatment in São Paulo from 2005-14. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. FINDINGS: Data were collected between Feb 2 and Dec 31, 2021. In 2020, there were 625 370 new cancer cases in Brazil and 252 LINAC machines. The number of LINACs was inadequate in all Brazilian regions, with a national LINAC shortage index of 221 (ie, 121% less than the required radiotherapy capacity). The LINAC shortage index was higher in the midwest (326), north (313), and northeast (237) regions, than the southeast (210) and south (192) regions. Four states (Tocantins, Acre, Amapá, and Roraima) in the north region were ranked first on the prioritisation rank due to no availability of LINACs. There was an association between LINAC shortage index and the number of patients who travelled to receive radiotherapy (p<0·0001). Patients living in the midwest (793 km), north (2835 km), and northeast (2415 km) regions travelled significantly longer average distances to receive radiotherapy treatment in São Paulo than patients living in the southeast or south regions (p=0·032). The reduced number of LINACs in these regions was associated with longer distance travelled (p=0·032). INTERPRETATION: There is substantial discordance between distribution of cancer cases and LINAC availability in Brazil. We developed a tool using the LINACs shortage index to help prioritise the development of radiotherapy infrastructure across Brazil; this approach might also be useful in other health systems. FUNDING: None.
Assuntos
Radioterapia (Especialidade) , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Aceleradores de Partículas , PesquisaRESUMO
Background: COVID-19 pandemic affected access to cancer treatment worldwide. However, there is a lack of data about the impact in developing countries. The objective was to evaluate COVID-19 impact on curative prostate cancer (Pca) treatment in Brazil. Materials and methods: With data extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Health database, the Non-COVID and COVID periods were analyzed to compare the absolute number of radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT) executed in the country and regions. Results: With data from 50,169 Pca patients (Non-COVID = 28,106 cases and COVID = 22,063) treated with RP or RT in Brazil, a significant decline in patients receiving RT or RP (-6.043 cases; p = 0.0001) was detected. Both treatment procedures (RT or PR) were reduced in all five Brazilian regions comparing the Non-COVID and COVID periods. Overall, there was a reduction on RP and RT procedures in 92% (24/25) and 76% (19/25) of the evaluated states, respectively. Comparing the variation of RT and RP per state between COVID and Non-COVID period, there is a significant difference (-18.6% vs. -29%, p = 0.03) with a higher negative impact on the RP group. The RT and RP variation had no significant relationship with the incidence of COVID cases in the states. Limitations include the non-evaluation of treatment combinations, the impact of hypofractionated radiotherapy, and other factors influencing the treatment choice. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the curative treatment with RP and RT of Pca was abruptly limited and affected. However, the number of RP was more impacted than RT during the COVID period.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of acute clinical complications that involve the oral cavity (oral mucositis and salivary flow), general health status (Karnofsky performance status scale (KPS) and weight), and quality of life using the worst performance throughout radiotherapy treatment by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the head and neck region and to evaluate the correlation between these variables. METHODS: This prospective, longitudinal study evaluated 32 patients who were undergoing IMRT for head and neck tumors. The measures were collected weekly through standardized protocols and a quality of life questionnaire (UW-QOL version 4). RESULTS: The worst performance for all variables was concentrated in treatment weeks 2 and 5. Regarding quality of life, the emotional dimensions were the most affected (pain 62.86; activity 55; recreation 43.57; mood 49.97; shoulder 57.06; anxiety 42.91). There were a higher number of moderate mucositis correlations with quality of life (mucositis × KPS 0.002; mucositis × weight loss 0.03; mucositis × pain 0.001; mucositis × activity 0.002; mucositis × recreation 0.001; mucositis × swallowing 0.002; mucositis × saliva 0.006; mucositis × mood 0.007; mucositis × anxiety 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: IMRT treatment severely deteriorated the patients' quality of life. There were important correlations between the clinical variables and quality of life, especially mucositis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/efeitos adversos , Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Estomatite/etiologia , Xerostomia/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Avaliação de Estado de Karnofsky , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic corticosteroids to prevent pain flare (PF) in bone metastases treated with radiotherapy performing a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: RCTs were identified on Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the proceedings of annual meetings through June 2020. We followed the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed to assess if corticosteroids reduce the PF, pain progression, and the mean of days with PF compared with the placebo. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Three RCTs with a total of 713 patients treated were included. The corticosteroids reduced the occurrence of early PF 20.5% (51/248) versus 32% (80/250) placebo, OR = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.36-0.82, p = 0.002). The mean days of PF were reduced to 1.6 days (95% CI: 1.3-1.9, p = 0.0001). Prophylactic corticosteroids had more patients with no PF and no pain progression, OR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.14-2.32, p = 0.007). No significant corticosteroids effect was observed for pain progression (p = ns) and late PF occurrence (p = ns). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic corticosteroids reduced the incidence of early PF, the days with PF, resulting in a superior rate of patients with no PF and no pain progression, but with no significant benefit for reducing pain progression or late PF occurrence.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of elderly patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort from a single institution, from 2000 to 2015, including patients older than 65 years old with LAHNC (stage III-IVa) treated by RT combined or not with chemotherapy (CRT). Univariate and multivariate analysis (MVA) were performed to identify prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CS), and locoregional control (LRC). A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 220 patients with LAHNC and > 65 years of age were identified. The median follow-up was 3.8 years, the 3/5 years estimated OS, CS, and LRC rate was 40%/30%, 49%/34%, 76%/45%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, clinical stage (III vs. IVa/b, p = 0.01), tumor stage (T1/2 vs. T3/4, p = 0.035), Karnofsky performance status (KPS, 60-70, p = 0.03) and tumor site (other than vs. hypopharynx, p = 0.0001) were associated with lower OS. Patients with clinical stage (III vs. IVa/b, p = 0.01), tumor stage (T1/2 vs. T3/4, p = 0.015), N stage (N0/1 vs. N2/3, p = 0.04), (KPS 60-70, p = 0.04) and tumor site (other than vs. hypopharynx, p = 0.0001) had worst CS. For the LRC, clinical stage (III vs. IVa/b, p = 0.02), tumor stage (T1/2 vs. T3/4, p = 0.02), treatment type (CRT vs. RT, p = 0.02), RT technique (IMRT vs. 2DRT/3DRT, p = 0.0001), and tumor site (other than vs. hypopharynx, p = 0.02) were significant. In the MVA, KPS maintained significant for OS and CS. For LRC, clinical stage (Iva/b, p = 0.007), tumor stage (T3/4, p = 0.047) and radiotherapy technique other than IMRT (p = 0.0001) were significant. CONCLUSION: The OS, CS, and LRC were associated with several prognostic factors. The clinical performance was the main marker of OS and CS. Chemoradiation should be offered to selected elderly patients using IMRT to improve LRC.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We designed a retrospective cohort of women with cervix cancer treated by radiation therapy with an extended follow-up to evaluate if the incorporation of modern radiation techniques was a prognostic factor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied a cohort of patients with cervix cancer FIGO stage I-IVa treated in the last fifteen years. Patients were treated with radiotherapy alone (RT) or chemoradiation alone (CRT) using conventional radiotherapy (2DRT), conformational radiotherapy (3DRT), or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) followed by high dose rate brachytherapy. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify significant prognostic factors (pâ¯<â¯0.05). RESULTS: 228 patients with cervix cancer were included. The treatment groups were CRT (64.8%), and RT (34.2%), with 31.6% submitted to 2DRT and 68.4% to IMRT/3DRT. The median follow-up was 6.3 years, the OS in 5 years according to the treatment groups was 48% for CRT, and 27.8% for RT (pâ¯<â¯0.001). The early-stage I-IIa (pâ¯=â¯0.001), CRT, and IMRT/3DRT were significant factors for better overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis. For the cancer-specific survival (CSS), chemoradiation, age <60 years, and IMRT/3DRT were significant. Treatment with IMRT/3DRT was the only prognostic factor associated with event-free survival (EFS). CONCLUSION: In a long-term follow-up, chemoradiation, early-clinical stage, and age <60 years were significant factors associated with better OS and CSS at 5 and 8 years. The incorporation of new radiation techniques, such as IMRT/3DRT, over time has a significant impact on all endpoints (EFS, OS, and CSS) of this cohort. These outcomes are useful to decide about the radiation technique to achieve satisfactory oncological results outside a clinical trial.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the treatment outcomes of a cohort of prostate cancer patients treated with conventional schedule using IMRT or 3DRT technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2010-2017, 485 men with localized prostate cancer were treated with conventional radiotherapy schedule with a total dose ≥74Gy using IMRT (231) or 3DCRT (254). Late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity were retrospectively evaluated according to modifi ed RTOG criteria. The biochemical control was defi ned by the Phoenix criteria (nadir + 2ng/mL). The comparison between the groups included biochemical recurrence free survival (bRFS), overall survival (OS) and late toxicity. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 51 months (IMRT=49 and 3DRT=51 months), the maximal late GU for ≥ grade- 2 during the entire period of follow-up was 13.1% in the IMRT and 15.4% in the 3DRT (p=0.85). The maximal late GI ≥ grade- 2 in the IMRT was 10% and in the 3DRT 24% (p=0.0001). The 5-year bRFS for all risk groups with IMRT and 3D-CRT was 87.5% vs. 87.2% (p=0.415). Considering the risk-groups no signifi cant difference for low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups between IMRT (low-95.3%, intermediate-86.2% and high-73%) and 3D-CRT (low-96.4%, intermediate-88.2% and high-76.6%, p=0.448) was observed. No signifi cant differences for OS and DMFS were observed comparing treatment groups. CONCLUSION: IMRT reduces signifi cantly the risk of late GI severe complication compared with 3D-CRT using conventional fractionation with a total dose ≥74Gy without any differences for bRFS and OS.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Radioterapia Conformacional/métodos , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/métodos , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Lesões por Radiação , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Radioterapia Conformacional/efeitos adversos , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Sistema Urogenital/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To build a model to evaluate the impact of salvage radiotherapy (SRT) in men with PSA rise or persistent PSA after undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 107 node-negative patients treated with SRT after RP at a single institution. Patients received SRT for either prostate-specific antigen (PSA) rising, or PSA persistence after RP. All patients received local radiation to the prostate / seminal vesicle bed. The primary measured outcome was the biochemical recurrence (BCR) free survival. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to develop a risk-stratification group to identify predictive factors associated with the probability of BCR at 5yr. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 52 months, the BCR free survival rate and overall survival in 5 years was 73% and 94%, respectively. At multivariable analysis, pre-SRT PSA level > 0.35ng / mL (p = 0.023), negative margins (p = 0.038), and seminal vesicles invasion (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with BCR free survival. Three risk groups using regression analysis for SRT administration was built. Low-, intermediateand the high-risk groups had a BCR free survival in 5-years of 96%, 84%, and 44% (p = 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a risk group stratification to show the impact of SRT based on prostate cancer characteristics. SRT showed to be extremely beneficial for patients with low- and intermediate-risk tumors. Moreover, the risk-group built could identify patients classified as high-risk who might benefit from more aggressive treatment for SRT.
Assuntos
Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Terapia de Salvação/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Intervenção Médica Precoce , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this quasi-experimental study is to evaluate a novel technique for an outpatient application of formalin for chronic rectal bleeding after prostate irradiation. METHODS: This is a quasi- experimental clinical trial developed between January 2010 and July 2015, including 35 patients with chronic radiation rectitis (CRP) due to a previous prostate radiation course. The study's eligibility was (1) completed external beam radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma >6 months previously, (2) rectal bleeding, defined as a frequency of >1× per week and/or needing of blood transfusions, and (3) diagnosis of chronic proctitis at colonoscopy. The 5% formalin application was performed by a custom applicator, which requires neither anesthesia nor sigmoidoscopy. The endpoint of the study was bleeding cessation and hemoglobin level. RESULTS: The onset of bleeding due to chronic rectitis was 12 months (6-36). During a median follow-up of 24 months, the rate of overall efficacy was 94%. The sustained complete response in 1 and 2 years was 80% and 73%, respectively. The Hb mean pre- and post-treatment differed significantly (12.2 vs 14.4, p = 0.0001). The rates of blood transfusion differed significantly, pre- and post-treatment (17% vs 5.7%, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: The technique is very effective and safe, resulting to a significant improvement of hemoglobin levels and quality of life scores. Further studies are warranted to compare this technique with other treatment options for chronic radiation-induced rectal bleeding.
Assuntos
Formaldeído/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Próstata/efeitos da radiação , Lesões por Radiação/tratamento farmacológico , Reto/patologia , Idoso , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this article was to report the results from a randomized clinical trial comparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with 3-dimensonal conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for the treatment of prostate cancer on a hypofractionated schedule. METHODS: The authors randomly assigned 215 men who had localized prostate cancer to receive hypofractionated radiotherapy to a total dose of 70 grays (Gy) in 25 fractions (at 2.8 Gy per fraction) using either IMRT or 3DCRT. Acute and late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity were prospectively evaluated according to modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Biochemical control was defined according to the Phoenix criteria (prostate-specific antigen nadir + 2 ng/mL). RESULTS: In total, 215 patients were enrolled in the IMRT group (n = 109) or the 3DCRT group (n = 106). The 3DCRT arm had a 27% rate of grade ≥ 2 acute GU toxicity compared with a 9% rate in the IMRT arm (P = .001) and a 24% rate of grade ≥ 2 acute GI toxicity compared with a 7% rate in the IMRT arm (P = .001). The maximal rate of grade ≥2 late GU toxicity during the entire period of follow-up was 3.7% in the IMRT group versus 12.3% in the 3DCRT group (P = .02). The maximal rate of grade ≥2 late GI toxicity during the entire follow-up was 6.4% in the IMRT group versus 21.7% in the 3DCRT group (P = .001). The 5-year rate of freedom from biochemical failure was 95.4% in the IMRT arm and 94.3% in the 3DCRT arm (P = .678). CONCLUSIONS: IMRT reduced the delivery of significant radiation doses to the bladder and rectum using a similar target volume. This dosimetric advantage resulted in a lower rate of acute/late grade ≥ 2 GI and GU toxicity for IMRT compared with 3DCRT. Cancer 2016;122:2004-11. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Lesões por Radiação/epidemiologia , Radioterapia Conformacional/efeitos adversos , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Hipofracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Radioterapia Conformacional/métodos , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIM: To report the treatment results of a retrospective cohort of prostate cancer patients treated with Hypo-RT with a high equivalent biological effective dose (BED). BACKGROUND: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (Hypo-RT) has gained popularity and interest in the treatment of prostate cancer. However, there are few experiences with adequate follow-up reporting treatment results using high equivalent dose with Hypo-RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assigned 149 men with low-, intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer to receive Hypo-RT with a total dose of 69 Gy/23 fractions. Late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity were prospectively evaluated according to modified RTOG criteria. Biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED) was defined as the nadir prostate-specific antigen level plus 2 ng/mL. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 53 months. For the entire cohort, the 5-year bNED rate was 94.6%, and for low-, intermediate- and high-risk patients the 5-year bNED was 100%, 96.4%, and 86% (p = 0.007), respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 92%. Only 1 patient died from the disease at 48 months after treatment, giving a 5-year cancer-specific survival of 98%. The worst grade ≥2 rate GI and GU toxicity was 13.4% and 14%, respectively. No grade >3 toxicity was observed. The presence of grade ≥2 GI and GU toxicity at the last follow-up was only 1.3% and 3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hypo-RT (69 Gy/23 fractions) with a high equivalent BED produces excellent rates of biochemical control for low, intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer. The long term GU and GI toxicity rates were considered low and acceptable.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the role of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (RT) in combination with surgery in the limb-sparing treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients is well established, the effectiveness and safety of 5-day preoperative radiotherapy (RT) remain controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the treatment outcomes of 5-day preoperative RT using ≥ 5 Gy per fraction with contemporary radiotherapy techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the proceedings of annual meetings through March 2022 were used to identify eligible studies. Following the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, a meta-regression analysis was performed to assess possible correlations between variables and outcomes. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Nine prospective studies with 786 patients (median follow-up 35 months, 20-60 months) treated with preoperative RT delivered a median total of 30 Gy (25-40 Gy) in 5 fractions. The local control (LC), R0 margins, overall survival (OS), and distant relapse (DR) rates were 92.3% (95% CI: 87---97%), 84.5% (95% CI: 78---90%), 78% (95% CI: 70---86%), and 36% (95% CI: 70---86%). The meta-regression analysis identified a significant relationship between biological equivalent dose (BED) and larger tumor size for LC and R0 margins (p < 0.05). The subgroup analysis reveals that patients receiving BED ≥ 90 (equivalent to 30 Gy in 5 fractions) had a higher LC control rate than BED < 90 (p < 0.0001). The complete pathologic response and amputation rates were 19% (95% CI: 13-26%) and 8.3% (95% CI: 0.5-15%). Amputation rates were higher in studies using the lowest and highest doses and were related to salvage surgery after recurrence and complications, respectively. The rate of wound complication and fibrosis grade 2 or worse was 30% (95% CI 23-38%) and 6.4% (95% CI 1.9-11%). CONCLUSION: A 5-day course of preoperative RT results in high LC and favorable R0 margins, with acceptable complication rates in most studies. Better local control and R0 margins were associated with regimens using higher BED, i.e., doses equal to or higher than 30 Gy when using 5 fractions.
Assuntos
Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Sarcoma , Humanos , Radioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Sarcoma/radioterapia , Sarcoma/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with nonspine bone metastases remains in question. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate SBRT treatment outcomes in nonspine bone metastases. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, Embase, Scielo, the Cochrane Library, and annual meeting proceedings through July 6, 2023. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guideline recommendations. Quantitative synthesis was performed using a random-effects model. Meta-regression was performed to determine correlation between clinical and treatment factors with the local failure (LF) and fracture rate. P values ≤.05 were deemed statistically significant. RESULTS: Seven retrospective studies, with a total of 807 patients (1048 lesions) treated with SBRT were included, with median follow-up ranging from 7.6 to 26.5 months. The most common SBRT sites were pelvis (39.2%), ribs (25.8%), femur (16.7%), and humerus/shoulder region (8.7%). At 1 year, the LF and fracture rate were 7% (95% CI, 5.5%-8.5%; I2â¯=â¯0; nâ¯=â¯75/1048) and 5.3% (95% CI, 3%-7.5%; I2â¯=â¯0; nâ¯=â¯65/1010). The 2-year cumulative LF incidence was 12.1% (95% CI, 10%-15.5%). The overall survival and progression-free survival at 1 year were 82% (95% CI, 75%-88%; I2â¯=â¯82%; nâ¯=â¯746/867) and 33.5% (95% CI, 26%-41%; I2â¯=â¯0%; nâ¯=â¯51/152), with a median of 20.2 months (95% CI, 10.9-49.1 months) and 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.3-10.3 months) for overall survival and progression-free survival, respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between planning target volume and fracture rate (P < .05). Ribs (2.5%) followed by the femur (1.9%; 95% CI, 0%-6.1%) were the most common fracture sites. The occurrence of pain flare, fatigue, and dermatitis were 7%, 5.4%, and 0.65%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic body radiation proves both safety and efficacy for non-spine bone metastases, and although serious complications (grade 3) are rare, one case of grade 5 complication was reported. Careful consideration of target volume is crucial due to its link with a higher fracture risk.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Radiocirurgia , Humanos , Radiocirurgia/efeitos adversos , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Neoplasias Ósseas/radioterapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to the primary tumor and lymph nodes in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) who are ineligible for or refused concomitant chemoradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In accordance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. The study included reports that assessed the outcomes of SABR treatment in patients with LA-NSCLC. Studies evaluating SBRT as a boost following primary radiotherapy were excluded. The primary outcomes measured were local control (LC) and overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoint was the incidence of severe toxicity (grades 3-5). A meta-regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between LC, OS, and severe toxicity. The Biologically Effective Dose (BED) was analyzed as a continuous variable. Statistical significance was defined as a p-valueâ¯<â¯0.05. RESULTS: A total of seven studies (3 prospective and 4 retrospective studies) involving 268 patients (SBRT to primary and lymph nodes) were included in the analysis. The pooled 1-year LC rate was 80â¯% (95â¯% CI: 63-94â¯%), and the factors significantly associated with LC were BEDGy10 (pâ¯=â¯0.005) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (pâ¯=â¯0.005). The 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 74â¯% (95â¯% CI: 58-90â¯%) and 55â¯% (95â¯% CI: 34-76â¯%), respectively. Meta-regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between OS and LC, with a 0.7â¯% increase in OS for each 1â¯% improvement in LC (pâ¯=â¯0.005). The pooled rate of grade 3 acute toxicity was 5â¯% (95â¯% CI: 1-10â¯%), and the rate of grade 5 toxicity was 1.7â¯% (95â¯% CI: 0-3â¯%). CONCLUSION: Promising results (LC and OS) with limited toxicity (feasibility) using SABR in LA-NSCLC warrant further research, emphasizing the need for larger, well-designed trials for further validation of the approach.