Trends in Suicidality and Bullying among New York City Adolescents across Race and Sexual Identity: 2009-2019.

Despite evidence showing rising suicidality among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and Black adolescents, separately, there is scant research on suicide risk trajectories among youth groups across both racial and sexual identities. Thus, we examined trajectories of self-reported suicidal ideation and attempt and their associations with bullying among New York City-based adolescents. We analyzed 2009-2019 NYC Youth Risk Behavior Survey data. We ran weighted descriptive and logistic regression analyses to test for trends in dichotomous suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, bullying at school, and e-bullying variables among students across both race/ethnicity and sexual identity. We assessed associations between suicidality trends and bullying with logistic regressions. Models controlled for age and sex. Suicidal ideation and attempt were 2 and 5 times more likely among LGB than heterosexual participants, respectively. Bullying at school and e-bullying were 2 times more likely among LGB than heterosexual participants. Black LGB participants were the only LGB group for which both suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.04, SE = .003, p < .001) and attempt (AOR = 1.04, SE = .004, p < .001) increased over time. Both increased at accelerating rates. Conversely, White LGB participants were the only LGB group for which both suicidal ideation (AOR = 0.98, SE = .006, p < .001) and attempt (AOR = 0.92, SE = .008, p < .001) decreased over time. These changes occurred in parallel with significant bullying increases for Black and Latina/o/x LGB adolescents and significant bullying decreases for White LGB adolescents. Bullying was positively associated with suicidal ideation and attempt for all adolescents. Findings suggest resources aimed at curbing rising adolescent suicide should be focused on Black LGB youth.

Novel Multilocus Sequence Typing and Global Sequence Clustering Schemes for Characterizing the Population Diversity of Streptococcus mitis.

Streptococcus mitis is a common oral commensal and an opportunistic pathogen that causes bacteremia and infective endocarditis; however, the species has received little attention compared to other pathogenic streptococcal species. Effective and easy-to-use molecular typing tools are essential for understanding bacterial population diversity and biology, but schemes specific for S. mitis are not currently available. We therefore developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme and defined sequence clusters or lineages of S. mitis using a comprehensive global data set of 322 genomes (148 publicly available and 174 newly sequenced). We used internal 450-bp sequence fragments of seven housekeeping genes (accA, gki, hom, oppC, patB, rlmN, and tsf) to define the MLST scheme and derived the global S. mitis sequence clusters using the PopPUNK clustering algorithm. We identified an initial set of 259 sequence types (STs) and 258 global sequence clusters. The schemes showed high concordance (100%), capturing extensive S. mitis diversity with strains assigned to multiple unique STs and global sequence clusters. The tools also identified extensive within- and between-host S. mitis genetic diversity among isolates sampled from a cohort of healthy individuals, together with potential transmission events, supported by both phylogeny and pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distances. Our novel molecular typing and strain clustering schemes for S. mitis allow for the integration of new strain data, are electronically portable at the PubMLST database (https://pubmlst.org/smitis), and offer a standardized approach to understanding the population structure of S. mitis. These robust tools will enable new insights into the epidemiology of S. mitis colonization, disease and transmission.

Variations in Healthcare Provider Use of Public Health and Other Information Sources by Provider Type and Practice Setting During New York City's Response to the Emerging Threat of Zika Virus Disease, 2016.

The New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) used multiple methods to provide guidance to healthcare providers on the management and prevention of Zika virus disease during 2016. To better understand providers' use of information sources related to emerging disease threats, this article describes reported use of information sources by NYC providers to stay informed about Zika, and patterns observed by provider type and practice setting. We sent an electronic survey to all email addresses in the Provider Data Warehouse, a system used to maintain information from state and local health department sources on all prescribing healthcare providers in NYC. The survey asked providers about their use of information sources, including specific information products offered by the NYC DOHMH, to stay informed about Zika during 2016. Trends by provider type and practice setting were described using summary statistics. The survey was sent to 44,455 unique email addresses; nearly 20% (8,711) of the emails were undeliverable. Ultimately, 1,447 (5.8%) eligible providers completed the survey. Most respondents (79%) were physicians. Overall, the most frequently reported source of information from the NYC DOHMH was the NYC Health Alert Network (73%). Providers in private practice reported that they did not use any NYC DOHMH source of information about Zika more frequently than did those working in hospital settings (29% vs 23%); similarly, private practitioners reported that they did not use any other source of information about Zika more frequently than did those working in hospital settings (16% vs 8%). Maintaining timely and accurate databases of healthcare provider contact information is a challenge for local public health agencies. Effective strategies are needed to identify and engage independently practicing healthcare providers to improve communications with all healthcare providers during public health emergencies.