The association between hemoglobin level and sarcopenia in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease.

Sarcopenia and anemia are common complications in patients with Crohn's Disease (CD). However, few studies have shown the association between sarcopenia and hemoglobin levels in CD patients. This retrospective study aimed to explore such association in Chinese patients with CD. Two hundred and twelve adult CD inpatients who underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations from July 2019 to December 2021 were included in the study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the cutoff value of skeletal muscle index of lumbar spine 3 (SMI-L3) (< 44.77cm2/m2 for males and < 32.5cm2/m2 for females). The CD patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia. Clinical data, hemoglobin levels, and other laboratory data were retrospectively collected. The association between hemoglobin levels and sarcopenia was analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Sarcopenia occurred in 114 CD patients (53.8%). Compared to patients without sarcopenia, patients with sarcopenia had a lower proportion of L1 (30.7% vs. 45.8%, p = 0.032) and B1 classification (58.8% vs. 72.4%, p = 0.037). Patients with sarcopenia had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin (Hb) (116.5 ± 22.8 vs. 128.1 ± 21.0, p < 0.001). The prevalence of sarcopenia increased with the decrease in hemoglobin level (p for trend < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that hemoglobin levels were associated with SMI-L3 (ß = 0.091, p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that higher hemoglobin levels (OR:0.944; 95% CI: 0.947,0.998; p = 0.036) were independent protective factors for sarcopenia. Lower hemoglobin levels are independently associated factors of sarcopenia in adult Chinese patients with CD.

Bone mineral density in lower thoracic vertebra for osteoporosis diagnosis in older adults during CT lung cancer screening.

BACKGROUND: Quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-based lumbar bone mineral density (LBMD) has been used to diagnose osteoporosis. This study explored the value of lower thoracic BMD (TBMD) in diagnosing osteoporosis in older adults during CT lung cancer screening. METHODS: This study included 751 subjects who underwent QCT scans with both LBMD and TBMD. 141 of them was selected for a validation. Osteoporosis was diagnosed based on LBMD using the ACR criteria (gold standard). TBMD thresholds were obtained using receiver operating characteristic curve. TBMD was also translated into LBMD (TTBMD) and osteoporosis was defined based on TTBMD using ACR criteria. The performance of TBMD and TTBMD in identifying osteoporosis was determined by Kappa test. The associations between TBMD- and TTBMD-based osteoporosis and fracture were tested in 227 subjects with followed up status of spine fracture. RESULTS: The performance of TBMD in identifying osteoporosis was low (kappa = 0.66) if using the ACR criteria. Two thresholds of TBMD for identifying osteopenia (128 mg/cm3) and osteoporosis (91 mg/cm3) were obtained with areas under the curve of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. The performance of the identification of osteoporosis/osteopenia using the two thresholds or TTBMD both had good agreement with the gold standard (kappa = 0.78, 0.86). Similar results were observed in validation population. Osteoporosis identified using the thresholds (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 18.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.13-68.36) or TTBMD (adjusted HR = 10.28, 95% CI: 4.22-25.08) were also associated with fractures. CONCLUSION: Calculating the threshold of TBMD or normalizing TBMD to LBMD are both useful in identifying osteoporosis in older adults during CT lung cancer screening.

The association between jaundice and poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (Ki67 index > 55.0%).

BACKGROUND: Jaundice occurs in some pancreatic disease. However, its occurrences and role in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) has not been well studied. In this study we showed the association between jaundice and the risk of high grade and poorly differentiated PNENs. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with head-neck PNENs were included. Poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms were defined by a ki67 index > 55.0%. Logistic regression was used to show the association between demographic information, clinical signs and symptoms and the risk of poorly differentiated tumors. A nomogram model was developed to predict poorly differentiated tumor. RESULTS: Eight of 93 PNEN patients (8.6%) had jaundice. The age and ki67 index in patients with jaundice were significantly higher than those patients without jaundice. All jaundice occurred in patients with grade 3 PNENs. Mutivariable regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio(OR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.02-1.19), tumor size (OR = 1.42, 95%CI:1.01-2.00) and jaundice (OR = 14.98, 95%CI: 1.22-184.09) were associated with the risk of poorly differentiated PNENs. The age and size combination showed a good performance in predicting poorly differentiated PNENs (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71-0.90). The addition of jaundice further improved the age- and size-based model (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.91). A nomogram was developed based on age, tumor size and jaundice. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that jaundice was associated with the risk of high grade PNENs and poorly differentiated PNENs.

The Association Between Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Parathyroid Hormone Levels.

Cadmium exposure is associated with renal dysfunction and bone damage. Chronic kidney disease and bone loss are also related to parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, whether cadmium exposure affect PTH level is not completely understood. In this study, we observed the association between environmental cadmium exposure and PTH levels in a Chinese population. A ChinaCd study was performed in China in 1990s which included 790 subjects living in heavily, moderately and low cadmium polluted area. 354 of them (121 men and 233 women) also had the data of serum PTH. The cadmium levels in blood (BCd) and urine (UCd) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum PTH was detected by immunoradiometric assay. Renal function was assessed based on urinary N-acetyl-ß-d-glucosaminidase (UNAG), ß2-microglobulin (UBMG) and urinary albumin (UALB). The median BCd and UCd levels were 4.69 µg/L and 5.50 µg/g creatinine. The BCd, UCd, UNAG, UBMG and UALB levels in subjects with low PTH (< 5.0 ng/L) were significantly higher than those with PTH ≥ 5.0 ng/L (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis also showed that UCd level was negatively correlated to PTH levels (r = -0.17, p = 0.008) in women. A weak correlation was also observed between PTH level and BCd in women (r = -0.11, p = 0.09) and UBMG in total population (r = -0.114, p = 0.07). Univariable and mutivariable logistic regression analysis both demonstrated that high BCd (> 10 µg/L) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.10-4.63; OR = 2.36, 95%CI: 1.11-5.05) and UCd level (> 20 µg/g cr) (OR = 2.84, 95% CI:1.32-6.10; OR = 2.97, 95%CI: 1.25-7.05) were associated with high risk of low PTH. Our data showed that environmental cadmium exposure was associated with low PTH level.

Assessing Thoracic Vertebral Bone Mineral Density (T8-T10) for Osteoporosis Diagnosis During CT Lung Cancer Screening in Older Adults.

Introduction: Osteoporosis diagnosis often utilizes quantitative computed tomography (QCT). This study explored the validity of applying lumbar bone mineral density (LBMD) standards to thoracic vertebrae (T8-T10) for osteoporosis detection during CT lung cancer screenings. This study investigated the utility of thoracic BMD (BMD-T8-T10) for detecting osteoporosis in older persons during CT lung cancer screening. Methods: We studied 701 participants who underwent QCT scans for both LBMD and BMD-T8-T10. Osteoporosis was diagnosed using ACR criteria based on LBMD. We determined BMD-T8-T10 thresholds via a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and translated BMD-T8+T9+T10 to LBMD (TTBMD) using linear regression. Kappa test was used to evaluate the accuracy of BMD-T8-T10 thresholds and TTBMD in diagnosing osteoporosis. Results: Raw BMD-T8-T10 poorly identified osteoporosis (kappa = 0.51). ROC curve analysis identified BMD-T8-T10 thresholds for osteopenia (138 mg/cm3) and osteoporosis (97 mg/cm3) with areas under the curve of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. We normalized BMD-T8-T10 to TTBMD based on the formula: TTBMD = 0.9 × BMD-T8-T10 - 2.56. These thresholds (kappa = 0.74) and TTBMD performed well in detecting osteoporosis/osteopenia (kappa = 0.74). Conclusion: Both calculating BMD-T8-T10 threshold (138.0 mg/cm3 for osteopenia and 97 mg/cm3 for osteoporosis) and normalizing BMD-T8-T10 to LBMD demonstrated good performance in identifying osteoporosis in older adults during CT lung cancer screening.

Pancreatic fat infiltration is associated with risk of vertebral fracture in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal multicenter study.

AIMS: Patients with type 2diabetesmellitus (T2DM) have high fracture risk. This study explored the associations between pancreatic computed tomography (CT) attenuation, a marker of pancreatic fat, and risk of vertebral fracture in T2DM patients. METHODS: A total of 1486 T2DM patients who aged 50 years and older and without preexisting vertebral fractures during 2019-2023 at our institutions were followed up untilJanuary 2024. CT attenuation of the pancreas, bone and spleen were measured. Pancreatic attenuation/spleen attenuation ratio (P/S) was calculated. Vertebral fractures were evaluated on spine CT images according to Genant's semiquantitative scoring system. RESULTS: A total of 135 cases of vertebral fracture were identified during 26 months of follow-up and 270 patients without vertebral fracture were matched. Pancreatic CT attenuation and the P/S ratio were negatively associated with the risk of vertebral fracture (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.97, 95 %confidence interval (CI): 0.96-0.99; aHR = 0.26, 95 %CI: 0.12-0.58). Addition of pancreatic attenuation or P/S ratio improved the performance of bone attenuation-based model (area under the curve = 0.72-0.763 vs 0.63-0.728). CONCLUSION: Pancreatic fat infiltration is an associated factor for vertebral fracture in T2DM patients. Addition of pancreatic fat infiltration improved the predictive performance of the bone-based model.

Sarcopenia assessed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is associated with the loss of response to biologic therapies in adult patients with Crohn's disease.

Sarcopenia occurs in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, the association between sarcopenia and loss of response (LOR) to biologic agents remains unclear. This study explored such an association in CD patients. This retrospective study included 94 CD patients who received biologic therapy. The skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at the third lumbar was assessed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for sarcopenia evaluation. A LOR was defined by fecal calprotectin (FC) < 250 µg/g or >50% reduction from baseline levels or other factors, such as the used agent being replaced by other biologic agents. The association between sarcopenia and LOR was assessed by logistic regression analysis. LOR was observed in 54 patients (57.4%). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the LOR group was higher than that in response group (70.4% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.003). Sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-11.54), Montreal L1 type (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06-0.60), perianal lesions (OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 1.31-12.70), and monocytes percentage (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.57) at baseline were independent associated factors for LOR. Sarcopenia was also associated with LOR in patients who received infliximab (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.11-9.87). Montreal L1 type, perianal lesions, and monocytes percentage (Model 1), and with additional consideration of sarcopenia (Model 2), were developed to predict LOR. Model 2 showed better performance than Model 1 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.82 vs. 0.75). Sarcopenia was associated with the LOR to biological agents or infliximab in adult patients with CD.

Insight into soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability and agricultural sustainability by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

Nitrogen and phosphorus are critical for the vegetation ecosystem and two of the most insufficient nutrients in the soil. In agriculture practice, many chemical fertilizers are being applied to soil to improve soil nutrients and yield. This farming procedure poses considerable environmental risks which affect agricultural sustainability. As robust soil microorganisms, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have emerged as an environmentally friendly way of maintaining and improving the soil's available nitrogen and phosphorus. As a special PGPR, rhizospheric diazotrophs can fix nitrogen in the rhizosphere and promote plant growth. However, the mechanisms and influences of rhizospheric nitrogen fixation (NF) are not well researched as symbiotic NF lacks summarizing. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are important members of PGPR. They can dissolve both insoluble mineral and organic phosphate in soil and enhance the phosphorus uptake of plants. The application of PSB can significantly increase plant biomass and yield. Co-inoculating PSB with other PGPR shows better performance in plant growth promotion, and the mechanisms are more complicated. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of rhizospheric NF and phosphate solubilization by PGPR. Deeper genetic insights would provide a better understanding of the NF mechanisms of PGPR, and co-inoculation with rhizospheric diazotrophs and PSB strains would be a strategy in enhancing the sustainability of soil nutrients.

Synthesis of Rhenium-Doped Molybdenum Sulfide by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) for a High-Performance Photodetector.

Two-dimensional layered materials have attracted tremendous attention as photodetectors due to their fascinating features, including comprehensive coverage of band gaps, high potential in new-generation electronic devices, mechanical flexibility, and sensitive light-mass interaction. Currently, graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are the most attractive active materials for constructing photodetectors. A growing number of emerging TMDCs applied in photodetectors bring up opportunities in the direct band gap independence with thickness. This study demonstrated for the first time a photodetector based on a few-layer Re x Mo1-x S2, which was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under atmospheric pressure. The detailed material characterizations were performed using Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on an as-grown few-layer Re x Mo1-x S2. The results show that both MoS2 and ReS2 peaks appear in the Re x Mo1-x S2 Raman diagram. Re x Mo1-x S2 is observed to emit light at a wavelength of 716.8 nm. The electronic band structure of the few layers of Re x Mo1-x S2 calculated using the first-principles theory suggests that the band gap of Re x Mo1-x S2 is larger than that of ReS2 and smaller than that of MoS2, which is consistent with the photoluminescence results. The thermal stability of the few layers of Re x Mo1-x S2 was evaluated using Raman temperature measurements. It is found that the thermal stability of Re x Mo1-x S2 is close to those of pure ReS2 and MoS2. The fabricated Re x Mo1-x S2 photodetector shows a high response rate of 7.46 A W-1 under 365 nm illumination, offering a competitive performance to the devices based on TMDCs and graphenes. This study unambiguously distinguishes Re x Mo1-x S2 as a future candidate in electronics and optoelectronics.

Phosphate Solubilization and Gene Expression of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterium Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 under Different Levels of Soluble Phosphate.

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate and enhance soil fertility. However, the growth and mineral phosphate solubilization of PSB could be affected by exogenous soluble phosphate and the mechanism has not been fully understood. In the present study, the growth and mineral phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of PSB strain Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 were investigated at six levels of exogenous soluble phosphate (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mM). The WS-FJ9 strain showed better growth at high levels of soluble phosphate. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of WS-FJ9 was reduced as the soluble phosphate concentration increased, as well as the production of pyruvic acid. Transcriptome profiling of WS-FJ9 at three levels of exogenous soluble phosphate (0, 5, and 20 mM) identified 446 differentially expressed genes, among which 44 genes were continuously up-regulated when soluble phosphate concentration was increased and 81 genes were continuously down-regulated. Some genes related to cell growth were continuously up-regulated, which would account for the better growth of WS-FJ9 at high levels of soluble phosphate. Genes involved in glucose metabolism, including glycerate kinase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and sugar ABC-type transporter, were continuously down-regulated, which indicates that metabolic channeling of glucose towards the phosphorylative pathway was negatively regulated by soluble phosphate. These findings represent an important first step in understanding the molecular mechanisms of soluble phosphate effects on the growth and mineral phosphate solubilization of PSB.