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Northern East Asia was inhabited by modern humans as early as 40 thousand years ago (ka), as demonstrated by the Tianyuan individual. Using genome-wide data obtained from 25 individuals dated to 33.6-3.4 ka from the Amur region, we show that Tianyuan-related ancestry was widespread in northern East Asia before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At the close of the LGM stadial, the earliest northern East Asian appeared in the Amur region, and this population is basal to ancient northern East Asians. Human populations in the Amur region have maintained genetic continuity from 14 ka, and these early inhabitants represent the closest East Asian source known for Ancient Paleo-Siberians. We also observed that EDAR V370A was likely to have been elevated to high frequency after the LGM, suggesting the possible timing for its selection. This study provides a deep look into the population dynamics of northern East Asia.
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Dinâmica Populacional , DNA Antigo/análise , Ásia Oriental , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Genoma Humano , Geografia , Humanos , Camada de Gelo , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , Modelos Genéticos , Filogenia , Análise de Componente Principal , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Past human genetic diversity and migration between southern China and Southeast Asia have not been well characterized, in part due to poor preservation of ancient DNA in hot and humid regions. We sequenced 31 ancient genomes from southern China (Guangxi and Fujian), including two â¼12,000- to 10,000-year-old individuals representing the oldest humans sequenced from southern China. We discovered a deeply diverged East Asian ancestry in the Guangxi region that persisted until at least 6,000 years ago. We found that â¼9,000- to 6,000-year-old Guangxi populations were a mixture of local ancestry, southern ancestry previously sampled in Fujian, and deep Asian ancestry related to Southeast Asian Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers, showing broad admixture in the region predating the appearance of farming. Historical Guangxi populations dating to â¼1,500 to 500 years ago are closely related to Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien speakers. Our results show heavy interactions among three distinct ancestries at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia.
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Genética Populacional , Sudeste Asiático , Ásia Oriental , Geografia , HumanosRESUMO
Genomic research that targets large-scale, prospective birth cohorts constitutes an essential strategy for understanding the influence of genetics and environment on human health1. Nonetheless, such studies remain scarce, particularly in Asia. Here we present the phase I genome study of the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study2 (BIGCS), which encompasses the sequencing and analysis of 4,053 Chinese individuals, primarily composed of trios or mother-infant duos residing in South China. Our analysis reveals novel genetic variants, a high-quality reference panel, and fine-scale local genetic structure within BIGCS. Notably, we identify previously unreported East Asian-specific genetic associations with maternal total bile acid, gestational weight gain and infant cord blood traits. Additionally, we observe prevalent age-specific genetic effects on lipid levels in mothers and infants. In an exploratory intergenerational Mendelian randomization analysis, we estimate the maternal putatively causal and fetal genetic effects of seven adult phenotypes on seven fetal growth-related measurements. These findings illuminate the genetic links between maternal and early-life traits in an East Asian population and lay the groundwork for future research into the intricate interplay of genetics, intrauterine exposures and early-life experiences in shaping long-term health.
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Estudos de Coortes , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Variação Genética , Genoma Humano , Fenótipo , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , China/etnologia , Cordocentese , Feto/embriologia , Ganho de Peso na Gestação , Lipídeos/sangue , Exposição Materna , Parto , Estudos Prospectivos , Genoma Humano/genética , Variação Genética/genéticaRESUMO
Alternative splicing (AS) plays crucial roles in regulating various biological processes in plants. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying AS and its role in controlling important agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa) remain poorly understood. In this study, we explored AS in rice leaves and panicles using the rice minicore collection. Our analysis revealed a high level of transcript isoform diversity, with approximately one fifth of potential isoforms acting as major transcripts in both tissues. Regarding the genetic mechanism of AS, we found that the splicing of 833 genes in the leaf and 1,230 genes in the panicle was affected by cis-genetic variation. Twenty-one percent of these AS events could only be explained by large structural variations. Approximately 77.5% of genes with significant splicing quantitative trait loci (sGenes) exhibited tissue-specific regulation, and AS can cause 26.9% (leaf) and 23.6% (panicle) of sGenes to have altered, lost or gained functional domains. Additionally, through splicing-phenotype association analysis, we identified phosphate-starvation induced RING-type E3 ligase (OsPIE1; LOC_Os01g72480), whose splicing ratio was significantly associated with plant height. In summary, this study provides an understanding of AS in rice and its contribution to the regulation of important agronomic traits.
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Reciprocal exchanges of DNA between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, or crossovers (COs), shuffle genetic information in gametes and progeny. In many eukaryotes, the majority of COs (class I COs) are sensitive to a phenomenon called interference, which influences the occurrence of closely spaced double COs. Class I COs depend on a group of factors called ZMM (Zip, Msh, Mer) proteins including HEI10 (Human Enhancer of Invasion-10). However, how these proteins are recruited to class I CO sites is unclear. Here, we show that HEI10 forms foci on chromatin via a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) mechanism that relies on residue Ser70. A HEI10S70F allele results in LLPS failure and a defect in class I CO formation. We further used immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry to identify RPA1a (Replication Protein A 1) as a HEI10 interacting protein. Surprisingly, we find that RPA1a also undergoes phase separation and its ubiquitination and degradation are directly regulated by HEI10. We also show that HEI10 is required for the condensation of other class I CO factors. Thus, our results provide mechanistic insight into how meiotic class I CO formation is controlled by HEI10 coupling LLPS and ubiquitination.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Troca Genética , Meiose , Cromossomos , Meiose/genética , Separação de Fases , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismoRESUMO
High temperatures interfere with meiotic recombination and the subsequent progression of meiosis in plants, but few genes involved in meiotic thermotolerance have been characterized. Here, we characterize a maize (Zea mays) classic dominant male-sterile mutant Ms42, which has defects in pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Ms42 encodes a member of the heat shock protein family, HSP101, which accumulates in pollen mother cells. Analysis of the dominant Ms42 mutant and hsp101 null mutants reveals that HSP101 functions in RADIATION SENSITIVE 51 loading, DSB repair, and subsequent meiosis. Consistent with these functions, overexpression of Hsp101 in anthers results in robust microspores with enhanced heat tolerance. These results demonstrate that HSP101 mediates thermotolerance during microsporogenesis, shedding light on the genetic basis underlying the adaptation of male meiocytes to high temperatures.
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Termotolerância , Zea mays , Pareamento Cromossômico , DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Meiose/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Termotolerância/genética , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/metabolismoRESUMO
Maternal-to-filial nutrition transfer is central to grain development and yield. nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NRT1-PTR)-type transporters typically transport nitrate, peptides, and ions. Here, we report the identification of a maize (Zea mays) NRT1-PTR-type transporter that transports sucrose and glucose. The activity of this sugar transporter, named Sucrose and Glucose Carrier 1 (SUGCAR1), was systematically verified by tracer-labeled sugar uptake and serial electrophysiological studies including two-electrode voltage-clamp, non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation assays in Xenopus laevis oocytes and patch clamping in HEK293T cells. ZmSUGCAR1 is specifically expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer and loss-of-function mutation of ZmSUGCAR1 caused significantly decreased sucrose and glucose contents and subsequent shrinkage of maize kernels. Notably, the ZmSUGCAR1 orthologs SbSUGCAR1 (from Sorghum bicolor) and TaSUGCAR1 (from Triticum aestivum) displayed similar sugar transport activities in oocytes, supporting the functional conservation of SUGCAR1 in closely related cereal species. Thus, the discovery of ZmSUGCAR1 uncovers a type of sugar transporter essential for grain development and opens potential avenues for genetic improvement of seed-filling and yield in maize and other grain crops.
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Grão Comestível , Glucose , Transportadores de Nitrato , Transportador 1 de Peptídeos , Proteínas de Plantas , Sacarose , Zea mays , Humanos , Grão Comestível/genética , Grão Comestível/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glucose/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Transportadores de Nitrato/genética , Transportadores de Nitrato/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Sacarose/metabolismo , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zea mays/metabolismo , Transportador 1 de Peptídeos/genética , Transportador 1 de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Transporte BiológicoRESUMO
Detailed knowledge of the genetic variations in diverse crop populations forms the basis for genetic crop improvement and gene functional studies. In the present study, we analyzed a large rice population with a total of 10 548 accessions to construct a rice super-population variation map (RSPVM), consisting of 54 378 986 single nucleotide polymorphisms, 11 119 947 insertion/deletion mutations and 184 736 presence/absence variations. Assessment of variation detection efficiency for different population sizes revealed a sharp increase of all types of variation as the population size increased and a gradual saturation of that after the population size reached 10 000. Variant frequency analysis indicated that â¼90% of the obtained variants were rare, and would therefore likely be difficult to detect in a relatively small population. Among the rare variants, only 2.7% were predicted to be deleterious. Population structure, genetic diversity and gene functional polymorphism of this large population were evaluated based on different subsets of RSPVM, demonstrating the great potential of RSPVM for use in downstream applications. Our study provides both a rich genetic basis for understanding natural rice variations and a powerful tool for exploiting great potential of rare variants in future rice research, including population genetics and functional genomics.
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Variação Genética , Oryza , Genética Populacional , Genômica , Oryza/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Using heterodyne transient grating spectroscopy, we observe a significant enhancement of exciton diffusion in a monolayer WSe2 stacked on graphene. The diffusion dynamics can be optically tuned within a few picoseconds by altering the photoexcited carrier density in graphene. The effective diffusion constant in initial picoseconds in the WSe2/graphene heterostructure is (40.3 ± 4.5) cm2 s-1, representing a substantial improvement over (2.1 ± 0.8) cm2 s-1, typical for an isolated WSe2 monolayer. This enhancement can be understood in terms of a transient screening of impurities, charge traps, and defect states in WSe2 by photoexcited charge carriers in graphene. Furthermore, diffusion within WSe2 is affected by interlayer interactions, such as charge transfer, varying with the incident excitation fluence. These findings underscore the dynamical nature of screening and diffusion processes in heterostructures of 2D semiconductors and graphene and provide insights for future applications of these systems in ultrafast optoelectronic devices.
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BACKGROUND: Experiences during childhood and adolescence have enduring impacts on physical and mental well-being, overall quality of life, and socioeconomic status throughout one's lifetime. This underscores the importance of prioritizing the health of children and adolescents to establish an impactful healthcare system that benefits both individuals and society. It is crucial for healthcare providers and policymakers to examine the relationship between COVID-19 and the health of children and adolescents, as this understanding will guide the creation of interventions and policies for the long-term management of the virus. METHODS: In this umbrella review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023401106), systematic reviews were identified from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; EMBASE (OvidSP); and MEDLINE (OvidSP) from December 2019 to February 2023. Pairwise and single-arm meta-analyses were extracted from the included systematic reviews. The methodological quality appraisal was completed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Single-arm meta-analyses were re-presented under six domains associated with COVID-19 condition. Pairwise meta-analyses were classified into five domains according to the evidence classification criteria. Rosenberg's FSN was calculated for both binary and continuous measures. RESULTS: We identified 1551 single-arm and 301 pairwise meta-analyses from 124 systematic reviews that met our predefined criteria for inclusion. The focus of the meta-analytical evidence was predominantly on the physical outcomes of COVID-19, encompassing both single-arm and pairwise study designs. However, the quality of evidence and methodological rigor were suboptimal. Based on the evidence gathered from single-arm meta-analyses, we constructed an illustrative representation of the disease severity, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological findings, treatments, and outcomes from 2020 to 2022. Additionally, we discovered 17 instances of strong or highly suggestive pairwise meta-analytical evidence concerning long-COVID, pediatric comorbidity, COVID-19 vaccines, mental health, and depression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study advocate for the implementation of surveillance systems to track health consequences associated with COVID-19 and the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborative rehabilitation programs for affected younger populations. In future research endeavors, it is important to prioritize the investigation of non-physical outcomes to bridge the gap between research findings and clinical application in this field.
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COVID-19 , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-Aguda , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
Superhydrophobic surfaces are of great interest because of their remarkable properties. Due to its maximal hardness and chemical inertness, diamond film has great potential in fabricating robust superhydrophobic surfaces. In the present study, an oxygen-terminated polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (O-PBDD) superhydrophobic surface with micro/nano-hierarchical porous structures is developed. The preparation method is very simple, requiring only sputtering and dewetting procedures. The former involves sputtering gold and copper particles onto the hydrogen-terminated polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (H-PBDD) to form gold/copper films, whereas the latter involves placing the samples in an atmospheric tube furnace to form hierarchical pores. By controlling the etching parameters, the wettability of the O-PBDD surface can be adjusted from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic, which is significantly different to the normal hydrophilicity feature of O-termination diamonds. The water contact angle of the obtained O-PBDD surface can reach 165 ± 5°, which is higher than the superhydrophobic diamond surfaces that are reported in the literature. In addition, the O-PBDD surface exhibits excellent durability; it can maintain satisfactory superhydrophobicity even after high-pressure, high-temperature, and sandpaper friction tests. This work provides a new research direction for fabricating robust superhydrophobic materials with diamond film.
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As a multifunctional hormone-like molecule, melatonin exhibits a pleiotropic role in plant salt stress tolerance. While actin cytoskeleton is essential to plant tolerance to salt stress, it is unclear if and how actin cytoskeleton participates in the melatonin-mediated alleviation of plant salt stress. Here, we report that melatonin alleviates salt stress damage in pigeon pea by activating a kinase-like protein, which interacts with an actin-depolymerizing factor. Cajanus cajan Actin-Depolymerizing Factor 9 (CcADF9) has the function of severing actin filaments and is highly expressed under salt stress. The CcADF9 overexpression lines (CcADF9-OE) showed a reduction of transgenic root length and an increased sensitivity to salt stress. By using CcADF9 as a bait to screen an Y2H library, we identified actin depolymerizing factor-related phosphokinase 1 (ARP1), a novel protein kinase that interacts with CcADF9. CcARP1, induced by melatonin, promotes salt resistance of pigeon pea through phosphorylating CcADF9, inhibiting its severing activity. The CcARP1 overexpression lines (CcARP1-OE) displayed an increased transgenic root length and resistance to salt stress, whereas CcARP1 RNA interference lines (CcARP1-RNAi) presented the opposite phenotype. Altogether, our findings reveal that melatonin-induced CcARP1 maintains F-actin dynamics balance by phosphorylating CcADF9, thereby promoting root growth and enhancing salt tolerance.
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Cajanus , Melatonina , Melatonina/farmacologia , Melatonina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Cajanus/genética , Destrina/metabolismo , Tolerância ao Sal/genética , Fosforilação , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismoRESUMO
Atmospheric coherence length is one of the most crucial parameters for free-space optical (FSO) links, which can reflect the level of phase and amplitude fluctuations caused by the atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, we study the evaluation of the atmospheric coherence length of the FSO links. The analytical expression of atmospheric coherence length is rendered based on the phase fluctuation resulting from atmospheric turbulence by using the most realistic Bump model. The proposed method is validated theoretically with the Monte Carlo phase screen. Also, the experimental setup with respect to FSO links is established with the spatial light modulator to validate the method experimentally, wherein the fluctuated phase is collected by Shack-Hartmann sensor. The results show that the evaluation of atmospheric coherence length by the analytical expression is consistent with the theoretical prediction as well as the experimental measurement. Thus, the proposed method enables the accurate evaluation of atmospheric coherence length under various turbulence conditions, which can assist the performance analysis as well as design of free-space optical communication systems.
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In order to enhance the performance of a continuous-wave photocathode electron gun at Peking University, and to achieve electron beams with higher current and brightness, a multifunctional drive laser system named PULSE (Peking University drive Laser System for high-brightness Electron source) has been developed. This innovative system is capable of delivering an average output power of 120 W infrared laser pulse at 81.25â MHz, as well as approximately 13.8 W of green power with reliable stability. The utilization of two stages of photonic crystal fibers plays a crucial role in achieving this output. Additionally, the incorporation of two acousto-optic modulators enables the selection of macro-pulses with varying repetition frequencies and duty cycles, which is essential for effective electron beam diagnosis. Furthermore, the system employs a series of birefringent crystals for temporal pulse shaping, allowing for stacking Gaussian pulses into multiple types of distribution. Overall, the optical schematic and operating performance of PULSE are detailed in this paper.
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Deterministic computer-controlled optical finishing is an essential approach for achieving high-quality optical surfaces. Its determinism and convergence rely heavily on precise and smooth motion control to guide the machine tool over an optical surface to correct residual errors. One widely supported and smooth motion control model is position-velocity-time (PVT), which employs piecewise cubic polynomials to describe positions. Our prior research introduced a PVT-based velocity scheduling method, demonstrating sub-nanometer level convergence in ion beam figuring (IBF) processes. However, three challenges remained. Firstly, this method relies on quadratic programming, resulting in computational intensiveness for dense tool paths. Secondly, the dynamics constraints and velocity and acceleration continuities are not comprehensively considered, limiting the full potential of PVT-based control. Thirdly, no compensation mechanism existed when dynamics constraints are exceeded. In this study, in response to these challenges, we proposed the Enhanced PVT (E-PVT) method, reducing the time complexity from O(n3) to O(n) while fully addressing dynamics constraints and continuities. A novel compensation method utilizing particle swarm optimization was proposed to address situations where dynamics constraints might be exceeded while maintaining the overall processing efficiency. Validation through simulation and experimentation confirmed the improved performance of E-PVT.
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To explore the optoelectronic wetting droplet transport mechanism, a transient numerical model of optoelectrowetting (OEW) under the coupling of flow and electric fields is established. The study investigates the impact of externally applied voltage, dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and interfacial tension between the two phases on the dynamic behavior of droplets during transport. The proposed model employs an improved Young's equation to calculate the instantaneous voltage and contact angle of the droplet on the dielectric layer. Results indicate that, under the influence of OEW, significant variations in the interface contact angle of droplets occur in bright and dark regions, inducing droplet movement. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of droplet transport is closely associated with various parameters, including externally applied voltage, dielectric layer material, and interfacial tension between the two phases, all of which impact the contact angle and, consequently, the transport process. By summarizing the influence patterns of the three key parameters studied, the optimization of droplet transport performance is achieved. The study employs two-dimensional simulation models to emulate the droplet motion under the influence of the electric field, investigating the OEW droplet transport mechanism. The continuous movement of droplets involves three stages: initial wetting, continuous transport, and reaching a steady position. The findings contribute theoretical support for the efficient design of digital microfluidic devices for OEW droplet movement and the selection of key parameters for droplet manipulation.
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In interferometry measurement, the retrace error often limits its high-precision metrology applications. Retrace error calibration with tilted flats can give a relation between the retrace error and the introduced tilt angles, but there is still an ambiguity between the introduced tilt angles and the tilt terms in the created retrace error. We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, two-step calibration method to resolve this tilt ambiguity. It involves additional measurements of spherical mirror(s) with known curvature(s). The experiment shows that the curvature deviation due to the tilt ambiguity can be significantly reduced after applying the proposed method.
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BACKGROUND: Cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) are associated with lung adenocarcinoma. However, the links between CRGs and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not clear. In this study, we aimed to develop two cuproptosis models and investigate their correlation with NSCLC in terms of clinical features and tumor microenvironment. METHODS: CRG expression profiles and clinical data from NSCLC and normal tissues was obtained from GEO (GSE42127) and TCGA datasets. Molecular clusters were classified into three patterns based on CRGs and cuproptosis cluster-related specific differentially expressed genes (CRDEGs). Then, two clinical models were established. First, a prognostic score model based on CRDEGs was established using univariate/multivariate Cox analysis. Then, through principal component analysis, a cuproptosis score model was established based on prognosis-related genes acquired via univariate analysis of CRDEGs. NSCLC patients were divided into high/low risk groups. RESULTS: Eighteen CRGs were acquired, all upregulated in tumor tissues, 15 of which significantly (P < 0.05). Among the three CRG clusters, cluster B had the best prognosis. In the CRDEG clusters, cluster C had the best survival. In the prognostic score model, the high-risk group had worse prognosis, higher tumor mutation load, and lower immune infiltration while in the cuproptosis score model, a high score represented better survival, lower tumor mutation load, and high-level immune infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: The cuproptosis score model and prognostic score model may be associated with NSCLC prognosis and immune microenvironment. These novel findings on the progression and immune landscape of NSCLC may facilitate the provision of more personalized immunotherapy interventions for NSCLC patients.
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BACKGROUND: As a highly heterogeneous tumor, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is famous for its high incidence and mortality worldwide. Smoking can cause genetic changes, which leading to the occurrence and progress of NSCLC. Nevertheless, the function of smoking-related genes in NSCLC needs more research. METHODS: We downloaded transcriptome data and clinicopathological parameters from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and screened smoking-related genes. Lasso regression were applied to establish the 7-gene signature. The associations between the 7-gene signature and immune microenvironment analysis, survival analysis, drug sensitivity analysis and enriched molecular pathways were studied. Ultimately, cell function experiments were conducted to research the function of FCGBP in NSCLC. RESULTS: Through 7-gene signature, NSCLC samples were classified into high-risk group (HRG) and low-risk group (LRG). Significant difference in overall survival (OS) between HRG and LRG was found. Nomograms and ROC curves indicated that the 7-gene signature has a stable ability in predicting prognosis. Through the analysis of immune microenvironment, we found that LRG patients had better tumor immune activation. FCGBP showed the highest mutation frequency among the seven prognostic smoking related genes (LRRC31, HPGD, FCGBP, SPINK5, CYP24A1, S100P and FGG), and was notable down-regulated in NSCLC smokers compared with non-smoking NSCLC patients. The cell experiments confirmed that FCGBP knockdown promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion in NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION: This smoking-related prognostic signature represents a promising tool for assessing prognosis and tumor microenvironment in smokers with NSCLC. The role of FCGBP in NSCLC was found by cell experiments, which can be served as diagnostic biomarker and immunotherapy target for NSCLC.
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BACKGROUND: To explore the impact of ARGs on the prognosis of NSCLC, and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and immune microenvironment. Preliminary research on the biological functions of CEBPA in NSCLC. METHODS: Using consensus clustering analysis to identify molecular subtypes of ARGs in NSCLC patients; employing LASSO regression and multivariate Cox analysis to select 7 prognostic risk genes and construct a prognostic risk model; validating independent prognostic factors of NSCLC using forest plot analysis; analyzing immune microenvironment correlations using ESTIMATE and ssGSEA; assessing correlations between prognostic risk genes via qPCR and Western blot in NSCLC; measuring mRNA and protein expression levels of knocked down and overexpressed CEBPA in NSCLC using CCK-8 and EdU assays; evaluating the effects of knocked down and overexpressed CEBPA on cell proliferation using Transwell experiments; examining the correlation of CEBPA with T cells and B cells using mIHC analysis. RESULTS: Consensus clustering analysis identified three molecular subtypes, suggesting significant differential expression of these ARGs in NSCLC prognosis and clinical pathological parameters. There was significant differential expression between the two risk groups in the prognostic risk model, with P < 0.001. The risk score of the prognostic risk model was also P < 0.001. CEBPA exhibited higher mRNA and protein expression levels in NSCLC cell lines. Knockdown of CEBPA significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of CEBPB, YWHAZ, ABL1, and CDK1 in H1650 and A549 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of CEBPA markedly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, whereas overexpression of CEBPA showed the opposite trend. mIHC results indicated a significant increase in CD3 + CD4+, CD3 + CD8+, and CD20 + cell counts in the high CEBPA expression group. CONCLUSIONS: The risk score of the prognostic risk model can serve as an independent prognostic factor, guiding the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. CEBPA may serve as a potential tumor biomarker and immune target, facilitating further exploration of the biological functions and immunological relevance in NSCLC.