RESUMO
We identified the anti-Mullerian hormone (also known as Müllerian inhibiting substance or MIS) as an inhibitory hormone that induces long-term contraception in mammals. The type II receptor to this hormone, AMHR2 (also known as MISR2), represents a promising druggable target for the modulation of female reproduction with a mechanism of action distinct from steroidal contraceptives. We designed an in vitro platform to screen and validate small molecules that can activate MISR2 signaling and suppress ovarian folliculogenesis. Using a bone morphogenesis protein (BMP)response element luciferase reporter cellbased assay, we screened 5,440 compounds from a repurposed drug library. Positive hits in this screen were tested for specificity and potency in luciferase doseresponse assays, and biological activity was tested in ex vivo Mullerian duct regression bioassays. Selected candidates were further evaluated in ex vivo follicle/ovary culture assays and in vivo in mice and rats. Here, we report that SP600125, CYC-116, gandotinib, and ruxolitinib can specifically inhibit primordial follicle activation and repress folliculogenesis by stimulating the MISR2 pathway.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais , Reposicionamento de Medicamentos , Folículo Ovariano , Receptores de Peptídeos , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas , Animais , Antracenos/química , Antracenos/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais/química , Anticoncepcionais/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Nitrilas/química , Nitrilas/farmacologia , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Folículo Ovariano/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Receptores de Peptídeos/agonistas , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta/agonistas , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Tiazóis/química , Tiazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tolerance to endotoxins that is triggered by prior exposure to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands provides a mechanism with which to dampen inflammatory cytokines. The receptor-interacting protein RIP140 interacts with the transcription factor NF-κB to regulate the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. Here we found lipopolysaccharide stimulation of kinase Syk-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of RIP140 and interaction of the NF-κB subunit RelA with RIP140. These events resulted in more recruitment of the E3 ligase SCF to tyrosine-phosphorylated RIP140, which degraded RIP140 to inactivate genes encoding inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages expressing nondegradable RIP140 were resistant to the establishment of endotoxin tolerance for specific 'tolerizable' genes. Our results identify RelA as an adaptor with which SCF fine tunes NF-κB target genes by targeting the coactivator RIP140 and show an unexpected role for RIP140 degradation in resolving inflammation and endotoxin tolerance.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Endotoxinas/imunologia , Tolerância Imunológica/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/imunologia , Animais , Imunoprecipitação da Cromatina , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Immunoblotting , Inflamação/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Proteínas Nucleares/imunologia , Proteína 1 de Interação com Receptor Nuclear , Proteínas Ligases SKP Culina F-Box/imunologia , Proteínas Ligases SKP Culina F-Box/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/imunologia , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP1) mediates rapid, non-canonical activity of retinoic acid (RA) by forming signalosomes via protein-protein interactions. Two signalosomes have been identified previously: CRABP1-MAPK and CRABP1-CaMKII. Crabp1 knockout (CKO) mice exhibited altered exosome profiles, but the mechanism of CRABP1 action was unclear. This study aimed to screen for and identify novel CRABP1 signalosomes that could modulate exosome secretion by using a combinatorial approach involving biochemical, bioinformatic and molecular studies. METHODS: Immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-MS) identified candidate CRABP1-interacting proteins which were subsequently analyzed using GO Term Enrichment, Functional Annotation Clustering; and Pathway Analysis. Gene expression analysis of CKO samples revealed altered expression of genes related to exosome biogenesis and secretion. The effect of CRABP1 on exosome secretion was then experimentally validated using CKO mice and a Crabp1 knockdown P19 cell line. RESULTS: IP-MS identified CRABP1-interacting targets. Bioinformatic analyses revealed significant association with actin cytoskeletal dynamics, kinases, and exosome secretion. The effect of CRABP1 on exosome secretion was experimentally validated by comparing circulating exosome numbers of CKO and wild type (WT) mice, and secreted exosomes from WT and siCRABP1-P19 cells. Pathway analysis identified kinase signaling and Arp2/3 complex as the major pathways where CRABP1-signalosomes modulate exosome secretion, which was validated in the P19 system. CONCLUSION: The combinatorial approach allowed efficient screening for and identification of novel CRABP1-signalosomes. The results uncovered a novel function of CRABP1 in modulating exosome secretion, and suggested that CRABP1 could play roles in modulating intercellular communication and signal propagation.
Assuntos
Exossomos , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico , Animais , Exossomos/metabolismo , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/metabolismo , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/genética , Camundongos , Humanos , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
SUMOylation, a post-translational modification involving the covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target substrates, plays a pivotal role at the intersection of gut health and disease, influencing various aspects of intestinal physiology and pathology. This review provides a comprehensive examination of SUMOylation's diverse roles within the gut microenvironment. We examine its critical roles in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity, regulating immune responses, and mediating host-microbe interactions, thereby highlighting the complex molecular mechanisms that underpin gut homeostasis. Furthermore, we explore the impact of SUMOylation dysregulation in various intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer, highlighting its implications as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. By integrating current research findings, this review offers valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between SUMOylation and gut health, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring intestinal equilibrium and combating associated pathologies.
Assuntos
Sumoilação , Humanos , Animais , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologiaRESUMO
Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of YiQi GuBen capsule on improving mitochondrial dysfunction in an animal model of asthma.Methods: The mice (n = 8) were divided into four groups including control (NC), ovalbumin (OVA), dexamethasone (OVA + DEX), and YiQi GuBen (OVA + YQGB) groups. Firstly, we established an OVA-induced mouse asthma model except for the NC group, which then were treated with dexamethasone and YiQi GuBen capsule. Subsequently, HE staining and Masson staining were used for pathological analysis of mice lung tissues. Next, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the effect of the Yiqi Guben capsule on the ultrastructure of mitochondria. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the ROS level, membrane potential, and the number of mitochondria in lung tissue. Moreover, we analyzed the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the expression levels of activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM).Results: The results of the pathological analysis showed that after treatment with the YiQi GuBen capsule, the lung tissue damage was significantly reduced. In addition, we observed that the ultrastructural damage of mitochondria was improved. Flow cytometry proved that after treatment with the YiQi GuBen capsule, the level of ROS in the mitochondria was effectively reduced, while the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased and the number increased significantly. Moreover, we found that the copy number of mtDNA was significantly increased and the expression levels of PGC-1α and TFAM were significantly upgraded.Conclusion: This study suggests YiQi GuBen capsule can effectively improve mitochondrial dysfunction in the OVA-induced mouse model.
Assuntos
Asma , DNA Mitocondrial , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Pulmão , Mitocôndrias , Ovalbumina , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Animais , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/patologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Camundongos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/genética , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , DNA Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Cápsulas , Proteínas de Grupo de Alta MobilidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: At present, the need for vitamin C supplementation for pregnant smokers has not been fully studied. This study is aimed at investigating whether vitamin C supplementation for pregnant smoking women can improve the pulmonary function of their offspring. METHODS: Four databases were searched from inception to April 1, 2023 for studies on the effect of vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers on the pulmonary function of their offspring. Meanwhile, the reference lists of relevant studies were manually searched. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the data was analyzed using STATA/SE 17.0. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), all of high quality, were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 787 pregnant women. The offspring of pregnant smokers who received vitamin C supplementation exhibited improved Forced Expiratory Flow between 25 and 75% (FEF25-75), FEF50, FEF75, and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) compared to those who did not receive vitamin C supplementation. However, there was no statistically significant difference in Forced Expiratory Volume at 0.5 s (FEV0.5) and the ratio of FEV0.5 to FVC between the offspring of pregnant smokers who received vitamin C and the control group. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C supplementation for smoking pregnant women may enhance the pulmonary function of their offspring, particularly in FEF25-75, FEF50, FEF75, and FVC. Nevertheless, there are no significant differences in FEV0.5 and the FEV0.5/FVC ratio. These findings suggest that vitamin C supplementation has potential benefits for specific pulmonary function. Further studies are needed to comprehensively assess the effects of vitamin C on pulmonary function in the context of maternal smoking during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Fumantes , Vitaminas , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Pulmão , Ácido Ascórbico , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS/AMH), produced by granulosa cells of growing follicles, is an important regulator of folliculogenesis and follicle development. Treatment with exogenous MIS in mice suppresses follicle development and prevents ovulation. To investigate the mechanisms by which MIS inhibits follicle development, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of whole neonatal ovaries treated with MIS at birth and analyzed at postnatal day 6, coinciding with the first wave of follicle growth. We identified distinct transcriptional signatures associated with MIS responses in the ovarian cell types. MIS treatment inhibited proliferation in granulosa, surface epithelial, and stromal cell types of the ovary and elicited a unique signature of quiescence in granulosa cells. In addition to decreasing the number of growing preantral follicles, we found that MIS treatment uncoupled the maturation of germ cells and granulosa cells. In conclusion, MIS suppressed neonatal follicle development by inhibiting proliferation, imposing a quiescent cell state, and preventing granulosa cell differentiation.
Assuntos
Hormônio Antimülleriano/farmacologia , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Inibinas/análise , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Ovário/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Peptídeos/análise , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta/análise , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Análise de Célula Única , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We conducted this study to systematically review and assess the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) related to the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The aim was to evaluate the quality of these included CPGs and provide clinicians with a convenient and comprehensive reference for updating their own CPGs. We searched four databases to identify eligible CPGs focusing on H. pylori diagnosis and treatment recommendations. The results were presented using evidence mappings. Quality and clinical applicability were assessed comprehensively using AGREE-II and AGREE-REX. Statistical tests, specifically Bonferroni tests, were employed to compare the quality between evidence-based guidelines and consensus. A total of 30 eligible CPGs were included, comprising 17 consensuses and 13 guidelines. The quality showed no statistical significance between consensuses and guidelines, mainly within the moderate to low range. Notably, recommendations across CPGs exhibited inconsistency. Nevertheless, concerning diagnosis, the urea breath test emerged as the most frequently recommended method for testing H. pylori. Regarding treatment, bismuth quadruple therapy stood out as the predominantly recommended eradication strategy, with high-dose dual therapy being a newly recommended option. Our findings suggest the need for specific organizations to update their CPGs on H. pylori or refer to recently published CPGs. Specifically, CPGs for pediatric cases require improvement and updating, while a notable absence of CPGs for the elderly was observed. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to improve the overall quality of CPGs related to H. pylori. Regarding recommendations, additional evidence is essential to elucidate the relationship between H. pylori infection and other diseases and refine test indications. Clinicians are encouraged to consider bismuth quadruple or high-dose dual therapy, incorporating locally sensitive antibiotics, as empirical radical therapy. .
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Humanos , Testes Respiratórios , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bismuto/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia CombinadaRESUMO
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can be biosynthesized by most Lactic acid bacteria thereby converting toxic sodium into SeNPs. However, few studies have reported the antimicrobial activity of biogenic SeNPs against Pseudomonas fluorescens which are the main species of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk. This study reported the synthesis and characterization of SeNPs from Lactobacillus casei ZK-AS 1.1482, and the antimicrobial mechanism against P. fluorescens ATCC 13525. The synthesized SeNPs were amorphous with sizes ranging from 52 to 103 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra showed the presence of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids on the surface of particles, which evidently stabilized the SeNPs structure and morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that the nanoparticles contained selenium. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SeNPs against P. fluorescens ATCC 13525 was 0.1 mg ml-1 and the biofilm inhibition rate was 43.52 ± 0.26%. SeNPs decreased the number of living bacteria observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Meanwhile, after SeNPs treatment, the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity decreased, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased, and lipid peroxidation intensified. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay showed that the expression of flgA, luxR, lapD, MCP, cheA, c-di-GMP, phoB, and pstC gene were down-regulated after SeNPs treatment. The rfbC and DegT/DnrJ/EryC1/StrS gene were significantly up-regulated, indicating that SeNPs could destroy the integrity of cell membrane and thus play an antimicrobial role. Biogenic SeNPs are expected to be developed as an efficient and novel antimicrobial agent for application in the food industry.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Nanopartículas , Pseudomonas fluorescens , Selênio , Selênio/farmacologia , Selênio/química , Selênio/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Biofilmes , Nanopartículas/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
All-trans-retinoic Acid (atRA) is the principal active metabolite of Vitamin A, essential for various biological processes. The activities of atRA are mediated by nuclear RA receptors (RARs) to alter gene expression (canonical activities) or by cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP1) to rapidly (minutes) modulate cytosolic kinase signaling, including calcium calmodulin-activated kinase 2 (CaMKII) (non-canonical activities). Clinically, atRA-like compounds have been extensively studied for therapeutic applications; however, RAR-mediated toxicity severely hindered the progress. It is highly desirable to identify CRABP1-binding ligands that lack RAR activity. Studies of CRABP1 knockout (CKO) mice revealed CRABP1 to be a new therapeutic target, especially for motor neuron (MN) degenerative diseases where CaMKII signaling in MN is critical. This study reports a P19-MN differentiation system, enabling studies of CRABP1 ligands in various stages of MN differentiation, and identifies a new CRABP1-binding ligand C32. Using the P19-MN differentiation system, the study establishes C32 and previously reported C4 as CRABP1 ligands that can modulate CaMKII activation in the P19-MN differentiation process. Further, in committed MN cells, elevating CRABP1 reduces excitotoxicity-triggered MN death, supporting a protective role for CRABP1 signaling in MN survival. C32 and C4 CRABP1 ligands were also protective against excitotoxicity-triggered MN death. The results provide insight into the potential of signaling pathway-selective, CRABP1-binding, atRA-like ligands in mitigating MN degenerative diseases.
Assuntos
Proteína Quinase Tipo 2 Dependente de Cálcio-Calmodulina , Neurônios Motores , Degeneração Neural , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico , Tretinoína , Animais , Camundongos , Proteína Quinase Tipo 2 Dependente de Cálcio-Calmodulina/metabolismo , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/metabolismo , Tretinoína/metabolismo , Neurônios Motores/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Obesity, a metabolic syndrome, is known to be related to inflammation, especially adipose tissue inflammation. Cellular interactions within the expanded white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity contribute to inflammation and studies have suggested that inflammation is triggered by inflamed adipocytes that recruit M1 macrophages into WAT. What causes accumulation of unhealthy adipocytes is an important topic of investigation. This study aims to understand the action of Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 (CRABP1) in WAT inflammation. METHODS: Eight weeks-old wild type (WT) and Crabp1 knockout (CKO) mice were fed with a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored. WATs and serum were collected for cellular and molecular analyses to determine affected signaling pathways. In cell culture studies, primary adipocyte differentiation and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were used to examine adipocytes' effects, mediated by CRABP1, in macrophage polarization. The 3T3L1-adipocyte was used to validate relevant signaling pathways. RESULTS: CKO mice developed an obese phenotype, more severely under high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Further, CKO's WAT exhibited a more severe inflammatory state as compared to wild type (WT) WAT, with a significantly expanded M1-like macrophage population. However, this was not caused by intrinsic defects of CKO macrophages. Rather, CKO adipocytes produced a significantly reduced level of adiponectin and had significantly lowered mitochondrial DNA content. CKO adipocyte-conditioned medium, compared to WT control, inhibited M2-like (CD206+) macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, defects in CKO adipocytes involved the ERK1/2 signaling pathway that could be modulated by CRABP1. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that CRABP1 plays a protective role against HFD-induced WAT inflammation through, in part, its regulation of adiponectin production and mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes, thereby modulating macrophage polarization in WAT to control its inflammatory potential.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo Branco , Inflamação , Obesidade , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/patologia , Animais , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/genética , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/metabolismoRESUMO
The incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) increases annually and tends to occur in younger women. A particularly important relationship exists between EC and metabolic disorders. As one of the most important components of lipid metabolism, phospholipids play an indispensable role in metabolic balance. LPCAT1 is a key enzyme regulating phospholipid metabolism. In this study, we perform further investigations to seek mechanistic insight of LPCAT1 in EC. Our results demonstrate that silencing of LPCAT1 inhibits the growth of endometrial cancer, while overexpression of LPCAT1 results in enhanced stemness and metastasis in endometrial cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, the contents of various phospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and triglyceride (TG) change significantly after overexpression of LPCAT1. In addition, through RNA-sequencing and western blot analysis, we observe that the TGF-ß/Smad2/3 signaling pathway is of great importance in the tumor-promoting function of LPCAT1. LPCAT1 promotes the expressions of stem cell-related transcription factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins through the TGF-ß/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Moreover, we find that TSI-01, which can inhibit the activity of LPCAT1, is able to restrain the proliferation of EC cell lines and promote cell apoptosis. Collectively, we demonstrate that LPCAT1 enhances the stemness and metastasis of EC by activating the TGF-ß/Smad2/3 signaling pathway and that TSI-01 may have potential use for the treatment of EC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Endométrio , Transdução de Sinais , 1-Acilglicerofosfocolina O-Aciltransferase/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Neoplasias do Endométrio/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Fosfolipídeos , Proteína Smad2/genética , Proteína Smad2/metabolismo , Proteína Smad3/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To depict the lncRNA expression during human oocyte maturation and explore the lncRNAs leading to recurrent oocyte maturation arrest. METHODS: LncRNA sequencing was performed on pooled RNA from 20 oocytes of each group (recurrent oocyte maturation arrest (ROMA), of germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), or metaphase II (MII) stages. Bioinformatics software was deployed to compare the lncRNA differential expression between the normal and ROMA oocytes. The co-expression of lncRNA/mRNA was illustrated with the Cytoscape software. The pooled RNA from every 10 oocytes of each group (ROMA, GV, MI, MII) was extracted for further qPCR validation. RESULTS: There were 17 downregulated and 3 upregulated lncRNAs in the ROMA oocyte. Among them, co-expression analysis indicated that NEAT1 and NORAD were both downregulated. Basing on the KEGG enrichment analysis, PRCKA and JAK3 might be the target genes in the PI3K-Akt pathway and modulated by NEAT1 and NORAD. As validated by qPCR, the expressional levels of lncRNA candidates (NEAT1 and NORAD) and their target genes (PRKCA and JAK3) were confirmed to be extremely lower in the ROMA oocyte than in the normal oocyte. CONCLUSION: By targeting the PI3K-Akt pathway genes PRKCA and JAK3, the abnormal expression of NEAT1 and NORAD is suggested to impede oocyte maturation and impair oocyte genome integrity.
Assuntos
RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Oócitos/metabolismo , Metáfase , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Epigênese Genética/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: By exploring the role of miRNAs in human oocyte development, the study was conducted to investigate the epigenetic mechanism contributing to the arrest of oocyte development. METHODS: In total, 140 oocytes from 22 patients were collected in the developmentally arrested oocyte (DAO) group, whereas 420 oocytes from 164 patients were harvested in the control group. The pooled RNA was extracted from all 20 oocytes to establish a RNA library. The total RNA of every ten oocytes was extracted for qPCR validation of miRNA candidates. Bioinformatic software was applied to explore the miRNA candidates and their target genes. RESULTS: Generally, the expression levels of miRNAs altered slightly during normal oocyte development but changed dramatically in the DAOs. Among the top 10 differential miRNAs, let-7a-5p and let-7g-5p, which were abundantly expressed throughout the oocyte development stages, had the broadest biological impact on oogenesis. Validated by qRT-PCR, both miRNAs were profoundly suppressed in the DAOs. During normal oocyte development, the expression levels of let-7a-5p and let-7g-5p at the GV stage were significantly higher than at MI and MII stages. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that let-7a-5p and let-7g-5p might regulate oocyte development by targeting PI3K-Akt, P53, cell cycle, and FoxO signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: There are dramatic differences in miRNA landscapes between the human oocytes with or without development arrest. In addition, the suppression of let-7a-5p and let-7g-5p might be associated with the occurrence of development arrest. The findings could provide therapeutic targets to correct the arrest of oocyte development in the future.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Oócitos/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECT: Edible Brown Seaweed Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, 1931 abbreviated as Sargassum fusiforme was used for folk medical therapy in East Asia countries over five hundred years. Saringosterol acetate (SA) was isolated from S.â fusiforme in our previous study and indicated various effects. However, anti-obesity activity of SA and its mechanism still unknown. METHOD: The inhibitory effect of SA, isolated from S.â fusiforme, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated inâ vitro and in zebrafish model. Cell toxicity, differentiation, signaling pathway, and lipid accumulation of SA treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were determined. The body weight and triglyceride content of diet-induced obese (DIO) adult male zebrafish were measured from 12 to 17â weeks after fertilization. RESULT: SA attenuated the differentiation of cells and reduced lipid accumulation, and triglyceride content in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. During the differentiation of adipocytes, SA suppressed fat accumulation and decreased the expression of signal factors responsible for adipogenesis. In SA-treated adipocytes, while fatty acid synthetase was downregulated, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was upregulated. Furthermore, SA suppressed body weight and triglyceride content in DIO zebrafish. CONCLUSION: SA is a potential therapeutic agent in the management of metabolic disorders, such as obesity.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Peixe-Zebra , Células 3T3-L1 , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Acetatos/farmacologia , Adipogenia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Ácido Graxo Sintases/metabolismo , Ácido Graxo Sintases/farmacologia , Ácido Graxo Sintases/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Camundongos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Estigmasterol/farmacologia , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the three malignant reproductive tumours that threaten women's lives and health. Glycerophospholipids (GPLs) are important bioactive lipids involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Immune infiltration of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is positively associated with the overall survival in EC. Exploring GPL-related factors associated with the TME in endometrial cancer can aid in the prognosis of patients and provide new therapeutic targets. METHODS: Differentially expressed GPL-related genes were identified from TCGA-UCEC datasets and the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to select GPL-related genes with prognostic value. The Random forest algorithm, LASSO algorithm and PPI network were used to identify critical genes. ESTIMATEScore was calculated to identify genes associated with the TME. Then, differentiation analysis and survival analysis of LPCAT1 were performed based on TCGA datasets. GSE17025 and immunohistochemistry (IHC) verified the results of the differentiation analysis. An MTT assay was then conducted to determine the proliferation of EC cells. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of LPCAT1. In addition, we used the ssGSEA algorithm to explore the correlation between LPCAT1 and cancer immune infiltrates. RESULTS: Twenty-three differentially expressed GPL-related genes were identified, and eleven prognostic genes were selected by univariate Cox regression analysis. Four significant genes were identified by two different algorithms and the PPI network. Only LPCAT1 was significantly correlated with the tumour microenvironment. Then, we found that LPCAT1 was highly expressed in tumour samples compared with that in normal tissues, and lower survival rates were observed in the groups with high LPCAT1 expression. Silencing of LPCAT1 inhibited the proliferation of EC cells. Moreover, the expression of LPCAT1 was positively correlated with the histologic grades and types. The ROC curve indicated that LPCAT1 had good prognostic accuracy. Receptor ligand activity, pattern specification process, regionalization, anterior/posterior pattern specification and salivary secretion pathways were enriched as potential targets of LPCAT1. By using the ssGSEA algorithm, fifteen kinds of tumor-infiltrating cells (TICs) were found to be correlated with LPCAT1 expression. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that LPCAT1 may act as a valuable prognostic biomarker and be correlated with immune infiltrates in endometrial cancer, which may provide novel therapy options for and improved treatment of EC.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intercellular communications are important for maintaining normal physiological processes. An important intercellular communication is mediated by the exchange of membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles. Among various vesicles, exosomes can be detected in a wide variety of biological systems, but the regulation and biological implication of exosome secretion/uptake remains largely unclear. METHODS: Cellular retinoic acid (RA) binding protein 1 (Crabp1) knockout (CKO) mice were used for in vivo studies. Extracellular exosomes were monitored in CKO mice and relevant cell cultures including embryonic stem cell (CJ7), macrophage (Raw 264.7) and hippocampal cell (HT22) using Western blot and flow cytometry. Receptor Interacting Protein 140 (RIP140) was depleted by Crispr/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Anti-inflammatory maker was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Clinical relevance was accessed by mining multiple clinical datasets. RESULTS: This study uncovers Crabp1 as a negative regulator of exosome secretion from neurons. Specifically, RIP140, a pro-inflammatory regulator, can be transferred from neurons, via Crabp1-regulated exosome secretion, into macrophages to promote their inflammatory polarization. Consistently, CKO mice, defected in the negative control of exosome secretion, have significantly elevated RIP140-containing exosomes in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and exhibit an increased vulnerability to systemic inflammation. Clinical relevance of this pathway is supported by patients' data of multiple inflammatory diseases. Further, the action of Crabp1 in regulating exosome secretion involves its ligand and is mediated by its downstream target, the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the first evidence for the regulation of exosome secretion, which mediates intercellular communication, by RA-Crabp1 signaling. This novel mechanism can contribute to the control of systemic inflammation by transferring an inflammatory regulator, RIP140, between cells. This represents a new mechanism of vitamin A action that can modulate the homeostasis of system-wide innate immunity without involving gene regulation. Video Abstract.
Assuntos
Exossomos/genética , Inflamação/genética , Neurônios/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Interação com Receptor Nuclear/genética , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/genética , Animais , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Comunicação Celular/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Vesículas Extracelulares/genética , Homeostase/genética , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Neurônios/patologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Tretinoína/metabolismoRESUMO
Retinoic acid (RA), the principal active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to be involved in stress-related disorders. However, its mechanism of action in this regard remains unclear. This study reports that, in mice, endogenous cellular RA binding protein 1 (Crabp1) is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. Crabp1 knockout (CKO) mice exhibit reduced anxiety-like behaviors accompanied by a lowered stress induced-corticosterone level. Furthermore, CRH/DEX tests show an increased sensitivity (hypersensitivity) of their feedback inhibition in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Gene expression studies show reduced FKBP5 expression in CKO mice; this would decrease the suppression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling thereby enhancing their feedback inhibition, consistent with their dampened corticosterone level and anxiety-like behaviors upon stress induction. In AtT20, a pituitary gland adenoma cell line elevating or reducing Crabp1 level correspondingly increases or decreases FKBP5 expression, and its endogenous Crabp1 level is elevated by GR agonist dexamethasone or RA treatment. This study shows, for the first time, that Crabp1 regulates feedback inhibition of the the HPA axis by modulating FKBP5 expression. Furthermore, RA and stress can increase Crabp1 level, which would up-regulate FKBP5 thereby de-sensitizing feedback inhibition of HPA axis (by decreasing GR signaling) and increasing the risk of stress-related disorders.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Homeostase/fisiologia , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/metabolismo , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/metabolismo , Animais , Ansiedade/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Retroalimentação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Retroalimentação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Homeostase/genética , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Atividade Motora/genética , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Hipófise/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Obesity, an emerging global health issue, involves numerous factors; understanding its underlying mechanisms for prevention and therapeutics is urgently needed. Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1) knockout (CKO) mice exhibit an obese phenotype under normal diet (ND) feedings, which prompted us to propose that Crabp1 could play a role in modulating adipose tissue development/homeostasis. Studies were designed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of Crabp1's action in reducing obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In animal studies, 6 weeks old male wild type and CKO mice were fed with ND or high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Body weight and food intake were regularly monitored. Glucose tolerance test and biological parameters of plasma (glucose and insulin levels) were measured after 10 weeks of ND vs. HFD feedings. Visceral adipose tissues were collected for histological and molecular analyses to determine affected signaling pathways. In cell culture studies, the 3T3L1 adipocyte differentiation model was used to examine and validate relevant signaling pathways. RESULTS: CKO mice, compared to WT mice, gained more body weight, exhibited more elevated fasting plasma glucose levels, and developed more severe impaired glucose tolerance under both ND and HFD. Histological examination revealed readily increased adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue inflammation under HFD feedings. In 3T3L1 adipocytes, Crabp1 silencing enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation, accompanied by elevated markers and signaling pathways of lipid accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies Crabp1's physiological role against the development of obesity. The protective function of CRABP1 is likely attributed to its classically proposed (canonical) activity as a trap for RA, which will reduce RA availability, thereby dampening RA-stimulated ERK1/2 activation and adipocyte hypertrophy. The results suggest Crabp1 as a potentially new therapeutic target in managing obesity and metabolic diseases.
Assuntos
Adipócitos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adipócitos/patologia , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/patologia , Animais , Hipertrofia/metabolismo , Hipertrofia/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Obesidade/etiologia , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/genética , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/metabolismoRESUMO
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia in humans and animals. Pneumolysin (PLY), a major pore-forming toxin that is important for S. pneumoniae pathogenicity, is a promising target for the development of anti-infective agents. Ephedra sinica granules (ESG) is one of the oldest medical preparation with multiple biological activities (such as a divergent wind and cold effect); however, the detailed mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we found that ESG treatment significantly inhibited the oligomerization of PLY and then reduced the activity of PLY without affecting S. pneumoniae growth and PLY production. In a PLY and A549 cell co-incubation system, the addition of ESG resulted in significant protection against PLY-mediated cell injury. Furthermore, S. pneumoniae-infected mice showed decreased mortality, and alleviated tissue damage and inflammatory reactions following treatment with ESG. Our results indicate that ESG is a potential candidate treatment for S. pneumoniae infection that targets PLY. This finding partially elucidates the mechanism of the Chinese herbal formula ESG in the treatment of pneumococcal disease.