A Novel Green Extraction Technique for Extracting Flavonoids from Folium nelumbinis by Changing Osmosis Pressure.

A new green and sustainable extraction technique, namely osmosis extraction (OE), was developed for efficient extracting flavonoids from Folium nelumbinis by changing the osmotic pressure. The antioxidant activities of the extracted flavonoids were also evaluated. Ethanol and ammonium sulfate were selected for the OE system because they are environmentally friendly. The maximum flavonoids concentration in the top phase was obtained with an ethanol volume fraction of 42.0% and the salt mass of 1.9 g. The kinetic behavior of the extraction process showed that OE had higher efficiencies especially coupled with ultrasonication due to the accompanying and serious morphological changes of Folium nelumbinis cells observed by digital microscope and nano-computed tomography (nano-CT). Results of morphological and anatomical features showed that the higher intracellular chemical potential made the cell expand and even led to bursting. The results also showed that the extraction efficiency of flavonoids with high antioxidant activities was higher than that of the traditional method. The interface effect enhanced the extraction during the salting-out extraction and osmosis was the main factor that improved the extraction efficiency.

[The first and second cluster analysis of dual index grade sequence of IR fingerprint spectra of Guifudihuang pill and Jinkuishenqi pill samples and their quality evaluation].

In the present paper a method for identifying and evaluating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Jinkuishenqi pill and Guifudihuang pill samples is proposed. Mathematical statistics was applied to analyze the dual index sequences of infrared fingerprint spectra of components extracted from Jinkuishenqi pill and Guifudihuang pill samples with water, then the grade sequences were determined and the first and second clusters were performed based on these grade sequences. As a results, the most similar sample groups of different samples were also obtained. The Jinkuishenqi pill and Guifudihuang pill samples can be distinguished accurately with the most similar sample groups. The method put forward is new and effective to identify and evaluate combinational TCM quantitatively.

[Determination of alkaloids from Coptis chinensis Franch. and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Decocted together in baitouweng decocta by high performance capillary electrophoresis].

A rapid and accurate method for determining alkaloids from Coptis chinensis Franch, and Phellodendron amurense Rupr, decocted together in Baitouweng decocta was established. Experiments were carried out on a self-assembled capillary electrophoresis system. The experimental conditions were as follows: 75 microns i.d. x 50 cm fused silica capillary, 0.05 mol/L Na2B4O7-CH3OH (85:15, V/V) as buffer, applied voltage 14 kV and detection wavelength 232 nm. In addition, the concentration of ethanol in the extraction solvent was optimized. Experimental results showed that ethanol-water (30:70, V/V) was the ideal solvent to extract the main effective ingredients from Coptis chinensis Franch. and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. decocted together in Baitouweng decocta. Berberine and palmatine had good linearities in the range of 15.0 mg/L-65.0 mg/L and 12.5 mg/L-50.0 mg/L respectively, and their average recoveries were 95.5%-104% (RSD 2.7%-6.9%) and 92.1%-103% (RSD 4.5%-6.7%) respectively.