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1.
Cancer Control ; 30: 10732748231152330, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37150819

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite many background similarities, New Zealand showed excess cancer deaths compared to Australia in previous studies. This study extends this comparison using the most recent data of 2014-2018. METHODS: This study used publicly available cancer mortality and incidence data of New Zealand Ministry of Health and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, and resident population data of Statistics New Zealand. Australian cancer mortality and incidence rates were applied to New Zealand population, by site of cancer, year, age and sex, to estimate the expected numbers, which were compared with the New Zealand observed numbers. RESULTS: For total cancers in 2014-2018, New Zealand had 780 excess deaths in women (17.1% of the annual total 4549; 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.8-18.4%), and 281 excess deaths in men (5.5% of the annual total 5105; 95% CI 4.3-6.7%) compared to Australia. The excess was contributed by many major cancers including colorectal, melanoma, and stomach cancer in both sexes; lung, uterine, and breast cancer in women, and prostate cancer in men. New Zealand's total cancer incidences were lower than those expected from Australia's in both women and men: average annual difference of 419 cases (-3.6% of the annual total 11 505; 95% CI -4.5 to -2.8%), and 1485 (-11.7% of the annual total 12 669; 95% CI -12.5 to -10.9%), respectively. Comparing time periods, the excesses in total cancer deaths in women were 15.1% in 2000-07, and 17.5% in 1996-1997; and in men 4.7% in 2000-2007 and 5.6% in 1996-1997. The differences by time period were non-significant. CONCLUSION: Excess mortality from all cancers combined and several common cancers in New Zealand, compared to Australia, persisted in 2014-2018, being similar to excesses in 2000-2007 and 1996-1997. It cannot be explained by differences in incidence, but may be attributable to various aspects of health systems governance and performance.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Incidência , Estudos Transversais , Nova Zelândia/epidemiologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia
2.
Cancer Epidemiol ; 80: 102234, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35961280

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Some case-control studies have suggested substantial increased risks of glioma in association with mobile phone use; these risks would lead to an increase in incidence over time. METHODS: Incidence rates of glioma from 1995 to 2020 by age, sex, and site in New Zealand (NZ) recorded by the national cancer registry were assessed and trends analysed. Phone use was based on surveys. RESULTS: In these 25 years there were 6677 incident gliomas, giving age-standardised rates (WHO world standard) of 6.04 in males, and 3.95 in females per 100,000. The use of mobile phones increased rapidly from 1990 to more than 50% of the population from about 2000, and almost all the population from 2006. The incidence of glioma from ages 10-69 has shown a small decrease over the last 25 years, during which time the use of mobile phones has become almost universal. Rates in the brain locations receiving most radiofrequency energy have also shown a small decrease. Rates at ages of 80 and over have increased. CONCLUSION: There is no indication of any increase related to the use of mobile phones. These results are similar to results in Australia and in many other countries. The increase in recorded incidence at ages over 80 is similar to that seen in other countries and consistent with improved diagnostic methods.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Uso do Telefone Celular , Glioma , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/etiologia , Criança , Feminino , Glioma/epidemiologia , Glioma/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nova Zelândia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
3.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 103(1): 86-99, 2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32342851

RESUMO

The common cold had resulted in significant economic and social burden worldwide. The effect of vitamin C on preventing common cold in healthy adults has been investigated extensively, but not that of other micronutrients. Thus, we aim to assess the effects of providing micronutrients singly through oral means, on cold incidence, and/or management (in terms of cold duration and symptom severity) in healthy adults from systematically searched randomized controlled trials. From four electronic databases, 660 identified studies were screened and data were extracted from 20 studies (zinc, 10; vitamin D, 8; and vitamins A and E, 2). The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and certainty in the outcomes was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The review found that micronutrients supplementation, except vitamin C, may not prevent cold incidence or reduce symptom severity among healthy adults. However, zinc supplementation was observed to potentially reduce cold duration by 2.25 days (when zinc is provided singly, 95% CI: -3.39, -1.12). This suggests that zinc supplementation may reduce the overall burden due to common cold among healthy adults.


Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Resfriado Comum/epidemiologia , Resfriado Comum/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Incidência , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Vitamina A/administração & dosagem , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Vitamina E/administração & dosagem
4.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol ; 188: 1-7, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30508643

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies, mostly with children, have reported inconsistent findings on the associations of vitamin D status with asthma prevalence, exacerbations, and control. Because of limited research with adults, we examined these associations in a large community-based sample of New Zealand adults. METHODS: 5110 participants, aged 50-84 years, were recruited from the community into a clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation. The current analysis is based on baseline blood sample collection to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which was deseasonalized for data analyses; and baseline asthma assessment, which included questions on asthma prevalence, urgent medical care for asthma in the previous 12 months, and control of asthma symptoms in the previous 4 weeks. RESULTS: 702 (13.2%) of 5088 participants reported having doctor-diagnosed asthma. There was no difference in mean (SE) 25(OH)D concentration between participants with and without asthma: 66 (0.9) and 66 (0.4) nmol/L, respectively, adjusting for sex (p = 0.71). However, in multivariable analyses restricted to participants who reported having asthma, mean (SE) 25(OH)D concentration was 6.3 (2.6) nmol/L lower in those who reported having urgent medical care for asthma in the previous 12 months compared to others (p = 0.02), and 10.4 (3.9) nmol/L lower in those with very poor asthma control compared to those who were well-controlled (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These cross-sectional results suggest that asthmatic adults with lower vitamin D status are more likely to receive urgent asthma medical care and to experience poor asthma control. Clinical trials are needed to determine the role of vitamin D supplementation in asthma management.


Assuntos
Asma/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitaminas/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Assistência Ambulatorial , Asma/complicações , Asma/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nova Zelândia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico
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