A rare case of acute angle closure due to spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage secondary to loss of anti-coagulation control: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Suprachoroidal haemorrhage is a rare complication of either medical anticoagulation treatment or intraocular surgical procedures. Suprachoroidal haemorrhages often have devastating visual outcome despite conservative and/or surgical intervention. CASE PRESENTATION: A patient with known Open Angle Glaucoma and Atrial Fibrillation on warfarin presents symptoms and signs suggestive acute angle closure. Examination reveals the underlying cause is a large, macula involving, spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhage secondary to loss of anti-coagulation control. Following aggressive medical treatment and surgical intervention, including drainage combined cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant, pars-plana vitrectomy, and external drainage of suprachoroidal haematoma, we managed to preserve the patient's eye and some of its function. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous suprachoroidal haemorrhages are rare complications of loss of anticoagulation control. Our case shows that aggressive treatment in selected cases can offer a relatively good outcome.

Lab generated retina: realizing the dream.

Blindness represents an increasing global problem with significant social and economic impact upon affected patients and society as a whole. In Europe, approximately one in 30 individuals experience sight loss and 75% of those are unemployed, a social burden which is very likely to increase as the population of Europe ages. Diseases affecting the retina account for approximately 26% of blindness globally and 70% of blindness in the United Kingdom. To date, there are no treatments to restore lost retinal cells and improve visual function, highlighting an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. A pioneering breakthrough has demonstrated the ability to generate synthetic retina from pluripotent stem cells under laboratory conditions, a finding with immense relevance for basic research, in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell replacement therapies. This review summarizes the current achievements in pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward retinal cells and highlights the steps that need to be completed in order to generate human synthetic retinae with high efficiency and reproducibly from patient-specific pluripotent stem cells.

Orbital Cellulitis Following Uncomplicated Aqueous Shunt Surgery.

PURPOSE: To date, there have only been 5 reported cases of orbital cellulitis following implantation of an aqueous tube shunt for glaucoma. Previously reported cases have involved eyes with significant comorbidities and successful management has often required the removal of the device alongside systemic antibiotic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present a 53-year-old man with severe orbital cellulitis, 3 months after routine implantation of a Baerveldt tube shunt for primary open angle glaucoma. The patient was managed medically, with topical and systemic antibiotic therapy. The patient went on to make a full recovery with the tube in situ. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We report that a more conservative approach (without tube removal) to be successful in a case where there is no evidence of tube exposure. It is important to appreciate that in some cases of orbital cellulitis without clear signs of intraocular involvement, a tube can be left in situ.

Caruncular tumor as the first sign of T-cell lymphoma relapse.

The lacrimal caruncle is a modified cutaneous tissue that contains hair follicles, accessory lacrimal glands, sweat glands, lobules of fat, and sebaceous glands. Due to the nature of tissue, a variety of lesions, both benign and malignant, could arise from this area. Lymphomas of the eye and its adnexa are frequently of B-cell lineage. We would like to report a rare and unique case of a patient presenting with a caruncular tumor of CD30-positive T-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma (T-ALCL) origin, serving as the first, initial, sole sign of recurrence of previously treated cutaneous T-ALCL. We believe this to be the first such report in the literature. We aim to emphasize the importance of considering such a condition while formulating the differential diagnosis of caruncular tumour in patients with history of T-cell lymphoma and to characterize the clinical course of such a presentation.

Blindness from acute angle-closure glaucoma after blepharoplasty.

An elderly man had acute angle-closure glaucoma soon after undergoing bilateral lower eyelid blepharoplasty that resulted in complete loss of vision in one eye. Glaucoma is a rare complication of blepharoplasty surgery; only two previous cases have been reported to our knowledge. Risk factors for the development of glaucoma in the setting of blepharoplasty are discussed.