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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Human studies about short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the gut microbiome, and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are limited. Here we explored the association between SCFAs and T2DM and the effects of gut microbial diversity on glucose status in rural populations. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a cross-sectional study from the Henan Rural Cohort and collected stool samples. Gut microbiota composition and faecal SCFA concentrations were measured by 16S rRNA and GC-MS. The population was divided based on the tertiles of SCFAs, and logistic regression models assessed the relationship between SCFAs and T2DM. Generalized linear models tested the interactions between SCFAs and gut microbial diversity on glucose indicators (glucose, HbAlc and insulin). Compared to the lowest tertile of total SCFA, acetate and butyrate, the highest tertile exhibited lower T2DM prevalence, with ORs and 95% CIs of 0.291 (0.085-0.991), 0.160 (0.044-0.574) and 0.171 (0.047-0.620), respectively. Restricted cubic spline demonstrated an approximately inverse S-shaped association. We also noted interactions of the ACE index with the highest tertile of valerate on glucose levels (P-interaction = 0.022) and the Shannon index with the middle tertile of butyrate on insulin levels (P-interaction = 0.034). Genus Prevotella_9 and Odoribacter were inversely correlated with T2DM, and the genus Blautia was positively associated with T2DM. These bacteria are common SCFA-producing members. CONCLUSIONS: Inverse S-shaped associations between SCFAs (total SCFA, acetate, and butyrate) and T2DM were observed. Valerate and butyrate modify glucose status with increasing gut microbial diversity.
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Bactérias , Biomarcadores , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Saúde da População Rural , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , China/epidemiologia , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fezes/microbiologia , Fezes/química , Glicemia/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/genética , Biomarcadores/sangue , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Ribotipagem , Adulto , Idoso , Medição de Risco , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Insulina/sangue , Intestinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Parathyroid glands are important endocrine glands, and the identification of normal parathyroid glands is crucial for their protection. The aim of this study is to explore the sonographic characteristics of normal parathyroid glands and analyze the factors affecting their display. METHODS: Seven hundred three subjects who underwent physical examination at our hospital were included. The number, location, size, morphology, echogenicity and blood flow distribution of parathyroid glands were recorded. The ultrasound characteristics and display rate were also summarized. Meanwhile, shear wave elastography was performed in 50 cases to provide the stiffness measurements, and 26 cases received contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the assessment of microcirculatory perfusion. Furthermore, we analyzed the factors affecting parathyroid display, including basic information of the subjects and ultrasound features of the thyroid. RESULTS: â A total of 1038 parathyroid glands were detected, among which, 79.29% were hyperechoic, 20.71% were isoechoic, 88.15% were oval-shaped, and 86.71% had blood flow of grade 0-I. â¡ 81.79% of the subjects had at least one parathyroid gland detected. ⢠The Emean, Emax, PI and AUC of the parathyroid glands were significantly lower than those of the adjacent thyroid tissue (P < 0.05). ⣠The display of normal parathyroid glands was related to BMI, thyroid echogenicity and thyroid volume of the subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Normal parathyroid glands tend to appear as oval-shaped hyperechoic nodules with blood flow of grade 0-I. BMI, thyroid echogenicity and thyroid volume are independent factors affecting the display of parathyroid glands.
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Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Glândulas Paratireoides , Humanos , Glândulas Paratireoides/diagnóstico por imagem , Microcirculação , Ultrassonografia , Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Pitch canker caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum is a damaging disease that affects pines in Europe, South Africa, and North America in both the southeast and west coast of the United States. Several countries, including China, have listed F. circinatum as a quarantine pathogen. Timely detection, an important pillar of the quarantine effort, can efficiently prevent the introduction of F. circinatum into new areas or facilitate management and eradication strategies in already infested sites. In this study, we developed an F. circinatum detection technique based on a combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with CRISPR/Cas12a technology (termed RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a). After obtaining DNA, this novel method can be utilized for the molecular identification of F. circinatum using the naked eye and can specifically detect F. circinatum at DNA concentrations as low as 200 fg within 30 min at 37°C. The system is sensitive for both standard laboratory samples and samples from the field. In summary, we have developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, unaided-eye visualization, RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-based detection system for the molecular identification of F. circinatum that does not require technical expertise or expensive ancillary equipment.
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Fusarium , Recombinases , Recombinases/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Fusarium/genética , DNARESUMO
Pitch canker caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum is an important disease affecting pine trees in Europe and South Africa. Several countries, including China, have listed F. circinatum as a quarantine pathogen. Therefore, timely detection of F. circinatum could efficiently prevent its introduction into new areas or facilitate spread management in already infected sites. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay was developed for rapid detection of F. circinatum based on a new target gene, Fcir2067, identified from whole-genome sequences. The assay was highly specific to F. circinatum. In fact, it exclusively detected F. circinatum isolates; 53 isolates of fungal and oomycete species and 2 nematodes of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus were not detected. By detecting as little as 10 pg of F. circinatum genomic DNA in a 50-µl reaction, the RPA-LFD assay was 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR assays. F. circinatum was also detected in artificially inoculated pine needles of Cedrus deodara. These results demonstrated that the developed RPA-LFD assay has the potential for rapid detection of F. circinatum in regions at high risk of infection. The RPA-LFD assay might serve as an alternative method for the early detection of F. circinatum.
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Fusarium , Recombinases , Fusarium/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodosRESUMO
Corynespora leaf spot, which is caused by Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) C.T. Wei (C. cassiicola), has been globally reported in many plant species. 'Hongyang' was reported as highly sensitive kiwifruit cultivar to C. cassiicola. This cultivar is an important germplasm resource in the Actinidiaceae family and is widely cultivated throughout China. Even though C. cassiicola has been identified as the pathogen associated with kiwifruits in China, the C. cassiicola population from kiwifruit has not been characterized based on morphology, phylogeny, and pathogenicity. In this study, 133 and 48 representative C. cassiicola isolates from kiwifruit and 11 other hosts, respectively, recovered from symptomatic leaves were classified into eight morphological subgroups based on host origins. Using three loci (rDNA ITS, caa5, and act1), a phylogenetic tree showed that C. cassiicola isolates in Sichuan Province were grouped into three clades. All kiwifruit isolates were genetically identical to the rubber isolates from different countries. However, most isolates from other hosts in this study were genetically identical to the cucumber, soybean, and cowpea isolates in China, Brazil, and the United States, and two strawberry isolates clustered with isolates from tomato and other hosts in China, Brazil, and the United States. Furthermore, we confirmed host shift of C. cassiicola among different plant species in this study. Although 51 isolates from kiwifruit and different hosts were pathogenic to kiwifruit, blueberry, cucumber, and soybean, virulence levels of the pathogen were diverse for four hosts. Kiwifruit isolates exhibited host specificity with regards to the original host in degree. In addition, those isolates revealed a correlation between morphology and pathogenicity. The results suggest that C. cassiicola in Sichuan Province were derived from three different phylogenetic lineages. Promotion of the susceptible 'Hongyang' cultivar led to the emergence of a regnant C. cassiicola population from kiwifruit. In conclusion, rapid development of the C. cassiicola-sensitive crop in agricultural systems led to the emergence of a regnant C. cassiicola population. In some dominant populations (e.g., the C. cassiicola population from kiwifruit in this study), host origin was found to be a key factor influencing the morphologic, genetic, and pathogenic characterization of C. cassiicola.
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Ascomicetos , Cucumis sativus , Virulência , Filogenia , Doenças das Plantas/genéticaRESUMO
Photinia × fraseri Dress is a hybrid species of Rosaceae and Photinia genus which is widely cultivated in China. During 2020 and 2021, approximately 80% of plants growing in Xuanwu district of Nanjing, China, exhibited disease symptoms including blight, necrosis, and dieback of crowns and roots. Symptomatic root tissues collected from 2-year-old plants were rinsed with water, cut into 2-mm tissues which were surface-sterilized in 70% ethanol for 60 s, and plated onto 10% V8 PARP agar and incubated in the dark at 26°C for 3 days. Hyphae emerged from 70% of the samples. Two representative isolates (PF-he2, PF-he3) were obtained and deposited. Ten agar plugs (2×2 mm2) of each isolate were transferred into 10 mL of 10% V8 juice to produce mycelial mats. To stimulate sporangial production, 3-5 drops of soil extract solution (soil collected from healthy fields, immersed in sterile water, and filtered) were added to each plate. Sporangia were terminal, ovoid to globose or papillate. The zoospores were 7.1-9.3 µm in diameter. Each oogonium contained a single, smooth, spherical and aplerotic oospore with a diameter of 24.5-32.6 µm. These morphological properties resemble those of Phytopythium helicoides (CBS286.31 from S. F. Ashby). For molecular identification, the large subunit (LSU) rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase I (COXI) gene, and COXII gene were amplified using the primer pairs NL1/NL4 , FM55/FM52R , and FM66/FM58 . The LSU, COXI, and COXII sequences of isolate PF-he2 were 100% (763/763 nt), 98.07% (1066/1087 nt), 99.64% (561/563 nt) identical to isolate CBS 286.31 (AY598665.2), GDGJ6 (KT750956.1), and TC3 (MN952224.1), respectively. Based on the morphological and molecular analysis, the two isolates shared 100% homology were identified as Phytopythium helicoides. The pathogenicity of two isolates were tested on potted 2-yr-old (40-cm tall) P. × fraseri. Six plants were dug up to expose root balls which were wounded before inoculations with a sterile needle, and then inoculated with zoospore suspension (106 zoospore/mL). Controls were treated with ddH2O. Three seedlings/isolate were used for each treatment including controls. All plants were repotted using the original sterilized potting mix and pots. After inoculation, the plants were covered with plastic bags, and sterilized H2O was sprayed into the bags twice per day to maintain humidity and kept in a greenhouse at the day/night temperatures at 25/16 °C. All the inoculated plants showed lesions similar to those observed in the field after 23 days , whereas controls were asymptomatic. The isolates were reisolated from the lesions and sequenced as P. helicoides which has found causing root rot on Nelumbo nucifera, Rhododendron pulchrum, Zea mays in China, and also on Fragaria × ananassa in America, Peach Rootstock in California. Globally, this is the first report of P. helicoides causing crown blight and root rot of P. × fraseri. Management programs are under development to contain the spread of P. helicoides and treat diseased plants.
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OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules, and analyze related influencing factors. METHODS: The clinical and ultrasound data of 115 patients with 115 benign thyroid nodules treated with MWA were retrospectively analyzed. The volume of nodules at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure was obtained, and the volume reduction rate (VRR) at each time point was calculated. With VRR > 90% as the criterion for nodule cure, binary logistic regression was employed to screen the factors that affect the efficacy. RESULTS: â At 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure, the volume of nodules continued to decrease, the VRR gradually increased, and the differences at each time point were statistically significant (p < 0.05). A total of 29 (25.21%) nodules disappeared completely at 12 months after the procedure; â¡ Multivariate stepwise logistic regression showed that there was a statistically significant difference for the internal component of nodules, enhancement mode, and immediate volume after the procedure in determining the ablation efficacy (p < 0.05); ⢠The ROC curve was plotted for predicting the efficacy of MWA, with the results showing that the AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.82, 67.50, 88.00, 79.10%, respectively; ⣠11 cases (9.56%) had side effects, 10 cases (8.70%) had minor complications, and three cases (2.61%) had major complications. CONCLUSION: MWA is safe and effective in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. The internal component of nodules, enhancement mode, and immediate volume after the procedure are independent factors that affect the efficacy of ablation.
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Ablação por Radiofrequência , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Micro-Ondas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Although urological diseases are not directly related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), urologists need to make comprehensive plans for this disease. Urological conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and tumors are very common in elderly patients. This group of patients is often accompanied by underlying comorbidities or immune dysfunction. They are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and they tend to have severe manifestations. Although fever can occur along with urological infections, it is actually one of the commonest symptoms of COVID-19; urologists must always maintain a high index of suspicion in their clinical practices. As a urological surgeon, how we can protect medical staff during surgery is a major concern. Our hospital had early adoption of a series of strict protective and control measures, and was able to avoid cross-infection and outbreak of COVID-19. This paper discusses the effective measures that can be useful when dealing with urological patients with COVID-19.
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Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Doenças Urológicas/complicações , Idoso , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , China , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Doenças Urológicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Urológicas/terapiaAssuntos
Phytophthora , Rhododendron , Genoma , Phytophthora/genética , Doenças das Plantas , Rhododendron/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND Bile duct carcinoma is a common digestive tract tumor with high morbidity and mortality. As a kind of important non-coding RNA, microRNA (miR) plays an important role in post-transcriptional regulation. MiR-122 is the most abundant miR in the liver. Multiple studies have shown that miR-122 level is reduced in a variety of liver tumors and can be used as a specific marker for liver injury. P53 is a classic tumor suppressor gene that can induce tumor cell apoptosis through various pathways. Whether miR-122 affects p53 in bile duct carcinoma still needs investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS miR inhibitor or mimics was transfected to bile duct carcinoma cells to evaluate its function on proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and p53 expression. RESULTS MiR-122 overexpression reduced cell invasion and migration ability, and inhibited cell apoptosis and p53 expression. Inhibiting miR-122 caused the opposite results. CONCLUSIONS Upregulating miR-122 can suppress bile duct carcinoma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. MiR-122 could be used as a target for bile duct carcinoma treatment, which provides a new strategy for cholangiocarcinoma patients.
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Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/genética , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/metabolismo , Colangiocarcinoma/genética , Colangiocarcinoma/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/antagonistas & inibidores , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Apoptose/genética , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Colangiocarcinoma/patologia , Genes p53 , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genéticaRESUMO
Objective: To explore the mechanism in cold-resistant of Cyathula officinalis seedlings,in order to provide a theoretical basis for variety breeding and resistance cultivation of Cyathula officinalis. Methods: Collected the materials in main producing areas of Cyathula officinalis,and the Cyathula officinalis growing into seedling with five pairs of leaves were used to research. The seeds were deal with low temperature stress,and the seedlings of morphological and physiological indicators of Cyathula officinalis were measured,membership function method and low temperature variation index were used to screen and evaluate the cold-tolerance of the Cyathula officinalis. Results: Soluble sugar,proline,soluble protein,fresh weight,plant height can be used as the evaluation indexes of cold-resistant Cyathula officinalis. The red and white Cyathula officinalis from Baoxing county in Chongxing village and the white Cyathula officinalis from Hanyuan county all had a good cold-resistance. Conclusion: The cold-resistant in Cyathula officinalis are different in different areas, and cold tolerance is positively correlated with the content of osmotic adjustment substance of Cyathula officinalis seedlings.
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Amaranthaceae , Temperatura Baixa , Osmose , Folhas de Planta , Plântula , SementesRESUMO
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a reproductive toxin produced by cyanobacteria in the aquatic environment and can be ingested by humans through drinking water and the food chain, posing a threat to human reproductive health. However, the toxic mechanisms and prospective interventions for MC-LR-induced ovarian dysfunction at environmental doses are unknown. The mulberry fruit is a traditional natural product of plant origin, with various pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, mice were exposed to MC-LR (10, 100 µg/L) in drinking water for 90 days, during which mice were gavage 600 mg/kg/week of mulberry fruit extract (MFE). It was found that MC-LR can accumulate in mouse ovaries, causing sexual hormone disturbance, inflammatory infiltration, and ovarian pathological damage. Results from RNA-seq were shown that CCL2, a chemokine associated with inflammatory response, was significantly increased in mouse ovary after MC-LR exposure. Further investigation revealed that MC-LR exposure aggravates apoptosis of granulosa cells via the CCL2-CCR10 axis-mediated Jak/Stat pathway. Importantly, MFE can significantly ameliorate these ovarian dysfunction phenotypes by inhibiting the activation of the CCL2-CCR10 axis. This study broadened new insights into the ovarian toxicity of MC-LR and clarified the pharmacological effects of mulberry fruit on ovarian function protection.
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Toxinas Marinhas , Microcistinas , Morus , Animais , Feminino , Microcistinas/toxicidade , Camundongos , Morus/química , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células da Granulosa/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
What is already known about this topic?: Brucellosis and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) are neglected zoonoses, attributable respectively to Brucella and the SFTS virus (SFTSV). While the incidence of these diseases has been rising, instances of co-infection remain uncommon. What is added by this report?: This represents the first documented case of a rare coinfection involving Brucella and SFTSV. We carried out an epidemiological analysis of patients diagnosed with brucellosis and those with SFTS at Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang. Our findings demonstrate a temporal and spatial overlap among the affected individuals. What are the implications for public health practice?: Our findings suggest that co-infections arising from the spatiotemporal overlap of Brucella and SFTSV are plausible, necessitating heightened awareness and enhanced diagnostic measures.
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Biothiol assays offer vital insights into health assessment and facilitate the early detection of potential health issues, thereby enabling timely and effective interventions. In this study, we developed ultrasmall CuMn-Histidine (His) nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities. CuMn-His enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity at neutral pH was achieved through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic effects. In addition, CuMn-His possesses laccase (LAC)-like and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities at neutral pH. Based on three different enzyme mimetic activities of CuMn-His at neutral pH, the colorimetric sensing array without changing the buffer solution was successfully constructed. The array was successfully used for the identification of three biothiols, glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy). Subsequently, excellent application results were shown in complex serum and cellular level analyses. This study provides an innovative strategy for the development of ultrasmall bimetallic nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities and the construction of colorimetric sensing arrays.
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Colorimetria , Colorimetria/métodos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Humanos , Histidina/química , Glutationa/sangue , Glutationa/química , Glutationa/análise , Homocisteína/sangue , Homocisteína/análise , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química , Nanoestruturas/química , Cisteína/sangue , Cisteína/análise , Cisteína/química , Superóxido Dismutase/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Lacase/química , Lacase/metabolismoRESUMO
Poly-l-lysine (PLL) and Matrigel, both classical coating materials for culture substrates in neural stem cell (NSC) research, present distinct interfaces whose effect on NSC behavior at cellular and molecular levels remains ambiguous. Our investigation reveals intriguing disparities: although both PLL and Matrigel interfaces are hydrophilic and feature amine functional groups, Matrigel stands out with lower stiffness and higher roughness. Based on this diversity, Matrigel surpasses PLL, driving NSC adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Intriguingly, PLL promotes NSC differentiation into astrocytes, whereas Matrigel favors neural differentiation and the physiological maturation of neurons. At the molecular level, Matrigel showcases a wider upregulation of genes linked to NSC behavior. Specifically, it enhances ECM-receptor interaction, activates the YAP transcription factor, and heightens glycerophospholipid metabolism, steering NSC proliferation and neural differentiation. Conversely, PLL upregulates genes associated with glial cell differentiation and amino acid metabolism and elevates various amino acid levels, potentially linked to its support for astrocyte differentiation. These distinct transcriptional and metabolic activities jointly shape the divergent NSC behavior on these substrates. This study significantly advances our understanding of substrate regulation on NSC behavior, offering novel insights into optimizing and targeting the application of these surface coating materials in NSC research.
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Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Colágeno , Combinação de Medicamentos , Laminina , Células-Tronco Neurais , Polilisina , Proteoglicanas , Polilisina/química , Células-Tronco Neurais/citologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Laminina/química , Laminina/farmacologia , Colágeno/química , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteoglicanas/química , Proteoglicanas/farmacologia , Animais , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , CamundongosRESUMO
The aim of the study was to investigate independent and joint associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with psychological distress. In this cross-sectional study, all participants underwent a physical examination and questionnaire survey, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and psychological distress. The rank-sum test was used to compare the distribution of psychological distress status among students with different characteristics, physical activity levels, and sedentary time. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent and joint association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and psychological distress, stratified by age. The results of the rank sum test and logistic regression showed that students with more sedentary behavior and less physical activity were associated with higher psychological distress generally, but physical activity may attenuate the psychological distress relevant to non-screen-based sedentary behavior on weekdays in middle and high school students and screen-based sedentary behavior on weekends in all participants.
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The relationship between maternal peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA and adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically preterm birth (PTB), remains uncertain. To investigate the effects of preconception mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) on the association between prenatal air pollutants exposure and PTB risk, a total of 1871 expectant mothers from six regions in Henan Province were recruited. Information regarding air pollutants was obtained from 151 environmental monitoring sites, and relative mtDNAcn was evaluated using real-time PCR analysis. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, it was determined that the risk of PTB increased with elevated levels of inhalable particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) exposure (P < 0.05) but decreased with higher nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure (0.05 < P < 0.10) during the entire pregnancy. Additionally, the preconception relative mtDNAcn was lower in the PTB group (0.82 ± 0.23) compared to the term group (0.92 ± 0.29). Furthermore, for each 0.1-unit increase in preconception mtDNAcn, the risk of PTB decreased by 14.8%. Stratified analyses revealed that the risk of PTB rose with increasing O3 concentrations, regardless of the relative mtDNAcn. Moreover, the study found a significant association between PTB risk and prenatal exposure to elevated PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and CO, particularly in mothers with low mtDNAcn (≤0.88) (P < 0.05). Conversely, a decrease in the PTB risk was observed with elevated NO2 exposure in mothers with high mtDNAcn (>0.88). Interaction analysis revealed that exposure to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO interacted with mtDNAcn, respectively, affecting PTB risk (P-interaction<0.05). These findings indicate a noteworthy association between PTB risk and prenatal air pollutants exposure, which is influenced by the preconception mtDNAcn.