Precision De Novo Peptide Sequencing Using Mirror Proteases of Ac-LysargiNase and Trypsin for Large-scale Proteomics.

De novo peptide sequencing for large-scale proteomics remains challenging because of the lack of full coverage of ion series in tandem mass spectra. We developed a mirror protease of trypsin, acetylated LysargiNase (Ac-LysargiNase), with superior activity and stability. The mirror spectrum pairs derived from the Ac-LysargiNase and trypsin treated samples can generate full b and y ion series, which provide mutual complementarity of each other, and allow us to develop a novel algorithm, pNovoM, for de novo sequencing. Using pNovoM to sequence peptides of purified proteins, the accuracy of the sequence was close to 100%. More importantly, from a large-scale yeast proteome sample digested with trypsin and Ac-LysargiNase individually, 48% of all tandem mass spectra formed mirror spectrum pairs, 97% of which contained full coverage of ion series, resulting in precision de novo sequencing of full-length peptides by pNovoM. This enabled pNovoM to successfully sequence 21,249 peptides from 3,753 proteins and interpreted 44-152% more spectra than pNovo+ and PEAKS at a 5% FDR at the spectrum level. Moreover, the mirror protease strategy had an obvious advantage in sequencing long peptides. We believe that the combination of mirror protease strategy and pNovoM will be an effective approach for precision de novo sequencing on both single proteins and proteome samples.

Prospective randomized study of efficacy of 1-day versus 3-day antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing surgical site infection after coronary artery bypass graft.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Despite general recommendation of short-course antibiotic prophylaxis, prolonged antibiotic use is still commonly reported in clinical settings. This study compared the efficacy of 1-day versus 3-day antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). METHODS: This prospective, randomized control study was performed in a tertiary-care medical center from June 2002 to April 2004. Patients underwent non-emergency CABG and were randomized into two groups receiving either 1 day or 3 days cefazolin prophylaxis. The SSI rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: During the study period, 231 patients were enrolled, 120 in the 1-day group and 111 in the 3-day group. Twenty-two episodes of SSI were observed within 1 month after operation: 13 (10.8%) in the 1-day group and nine (8.1%) in the 3-day group (odds ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.56-3.33; p = 0.48). By logistic regression analysis, 1-day prophylaxis with cefazolin was not associated with higher risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.32-2.56; p = 0.85). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis for 1 day in CABG surgery was associated with similar rates of postoperative infection compared with antibiotic prophylaxis of 3 days.

[From health promoting school perspectives to discuss the building of school-community partnership].

In the wake of the WHO's health promotion campaign health promotion schools have gained currency in Europe and the United States. The Department of Education in Taiwan has proposed a "school health promotion program" and the Department of Health a "program to build healthy schools" The goal of these programs was to create a holistic environment for school health and put the concepts of "school-family-community partnership" into practice. Although difficulties, such as school-centered perspectives, ambiguous definitions of "community" and shortage of funding, human resources and long-term planning impeded the program, this article, based on literature and practical experience, presents the "school-community model" and the strategies that it applied to organize the school-community health promotion committee to plan long-term programs and to assess the needs and resources of schools and communities on a collaborative basis. It contends, furthermore, that integrating community services into curriculums in order to enable students to appreciate the meaning of partnership, and involving the community in the planning process, can achieve the goal of effectively promoting the health of both the school and the community.