Anatomically distinct fibroblast subsets determine skin autoimmune patterns.

The skin serves as a physical barrier and an immunological interface that protects the body from the external environment1-3. Aberrant activation of immune cells can induce common skin autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo, which are often characterized by bilateral symmetric lesions in certain anatomic regions of the body4-6. Understanding what orchestrates the activities of cutaneous immune cells at an organ level is necessary for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here we identify subsets of dermal fibroblasts that are responsible for driving patterned autoimmune activity, by using a robust mouse model of vitiligo that is based on the activation of endogenous auto-reactive CD8+ T cells that target epidermal melanocytes. Using a combination of single-cell analysis of skin samples from patients with vitiligo, cell-type-specific genetic knockouts and engraftment experiments, we find that among multiple interferon-γ (IFNγ)-responsive cell types in vitiligo-affected skin, dermal fibroblasts are uniquely required to recruit and activate CD8+ cytotoxic T cells through secreted chemokines. Anatomically distinct human dermal fibroblasts exhibit intrinsic differences in the expression of chemokines in response to IFNγ. In mouse models of vitiligo, regional IFNγ-resistant fibroblasts determine the autoimmune pattern of depigmentation in the skin. Our study identifies anatomically distinct fibroblasts with permissive or repressive IFNγ responses as the key determinant of body-level patterns of lesions in vitiligo, and highlights mesenchymal subpopulations as therapeutic targets for treating autoimmune diseases.

Suitable Isolation Side Chains: A Simple Strategy for Simultaneously Improving the Phototherapy Efficacy and Biodegradation Capacities of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles.

Utilizing one molecule to realize combinational photodynamic and photothermal therapy upon single-wavelength laser excitation, which relies on a multifunctional phototherapy agent, is one of the most cutting-edge research directions in tumor therapy owing to the high efficacy achieved over a short course of treatment. Herein, a simple strategy of "suitable isolation side chains" is proposed to collectively improve the fluorescence intensity, reactive oxygen species production, photothermal conversion efficiency, and biodegradation capacity. Both in vitro and in vivo results reveal the practical value and huge potential of the designed biodegradable conjugated polymer PTD-C16 with suitable isolation side chains in fluorescence image-guided combinational photodynamic and photothermal therapy. These improvements are achieved through manipulation of aggregated states by only side chain modification without changing any conjugated structure, providing new insight into the design of biodegradable high-performance phototherapy agents.

Regulation Strategy of Nanostructured Engineering on Indium-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2 RR), as an emerging technology, can combine with sustainable energies to convert CO2 into high value-added products, providing an effective pathway to realize carbon neutrality. However, the high activation energy of CO2 , low mass transfer, and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) leads to the unsatisfied catalytic activity. Recently, Indium (In)-based materials have attracted significant attention in CO2 RR and a series of regulation strategies of nanostructured engineering are exploited to rationally design various advanced In-based electrocatalysts, which forces the necessary of a comprehensive and fundamental summary, but there is still a scarcity. Herein, this review provides a systematic discussion of the nanostructure engineering of In-based materials for the efficient electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to fuels. These efficient regulation strategies including morphology, size, composition, defects, surface modification, interfacial structure, alloying, and single-atom structure, are summarized for exploring the internal relationship between the CO2 RR performance and the physicochemical properties of In-based catalysts. The correlation of electronic structure and adsorption behavior of reaction intermediates are highlighted to gain in-depth understanding of catalytic reaction kinetics for CO2 RR. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities of In-based materials are proposed, which is expected to inspire the development of other effective catalysts for CO2 RR.

Photoactuators Based on Plastically Flexible α-Cyanostilbene Molecular Crystals Driven by the Solid-State [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction.

Organic photomechanical molecular crystals are promising candidates for photoactuators, which have potential applications as smart materials in various fields. However, it is still challenging to fabricate photomechanical molecular crystals with flexibility because most of the molecular crystals are brittle and the mechanism of flexible crystals remains controversial. Here, a plastically flexible α-cyanostilbene crystal has been synthesized that can undergo solid-state [2+2] cycloaddition reaction under violet or UV irradiation and exhibits excellent photomechanical bending properties. A hook-shaped crystal can lift 0.7 mg object upward by 1.5 cm, which proves its potential for application as photoactuators. When complex with the agarose polymer, the molecules will be in the form of macroscopic crystals, which can drive the composite films to exhibit excellent photomechanical bending performance. Upon irradiation with UV light, the composite film can quickly lift 18.0 mg object upward by 0.3 cm. The results of this work may facilitate the application of macroscale crystals as photoactuators.

Genetic Prediction of Osteoporosis by Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels and Reproductive Factors in Women: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Previous observational studies have suggested that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and reproductive factors are linked to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of osteoporosis (OP) in women. However, related studies are limited, and these traditional observational studies may be subject to residual confounders and reverse causation, while also lacking a more comprehensive observation of various reproductive factors. Univariate and multivariate two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to determine the causal associations of AMH levels and six reproductive factors with BMD and OP, using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted method. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q-statistic, and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify causal correlations. Age at menarche (AAM) was negatively associated with total body BMD (TB-BMD) in females aged 45-60 and over 60 years, as well as with heel bone mineral density (eBMD). Conversely, age at natural menopause (ANM) was positively associated with TB-BMD in the same age ranges and with eBMD. ANM was only causally associated with self-reported OP and showed no significant correlation with definitively diagnosed OP. Neither AMH level nor other reproductive factors were significantly associated with a genetic predisposition to BMD at any age and OP. Later AAM and earlier ANM are significantly genetically causally associated with decreased BMD but not with OP. AMH levels, length of menstrual cycle, age at first birth, age at last birth, and number of live births, in terms of genetic backgrounds, are not causally related to BMD or OP.

Components of Residential Neighborhood Deprivation and Their Impact on the Likelihood of Live-Donor and Preemptive Kidney Transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Adults residing in deprived neighborhoods face various socioeconomic stressors, hindering their likelihood of receiving live-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) and preemptive kidney transplantation (KT). We quantified the association between residential neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and the likelihood of LDKT/preemptive KT, testing for a differential impact by race and ethnicity. METHODS: We studied 403 937 adults (age ≥ 18) KT candidates (national transplant registry; 2006-2021). NDI and its 10 components were averaged at the ZIP-code level. Cause-specific hazards models were used to quantify the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of LDKT and preemptive KT across tertiles of NDI and its 10 components. RESULTS: Candidates residing in high-deprivation neighborhoods were more likely to be female (40.1% vs. 36.2%) and Black (41.9% vs. 17.7%), and were less likely to receive both LDKT (aHR = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.67) and preemptive KT (aHR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.59-0.62) than those in low-deprivation neighborhoods. These associations differedby race and ethnicity (Black: aHRLDKT = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.55-0.62; aHRpreemptive KT = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.63-0.73; Pinteractions: LDKT < 0.001; Preemptive KT = 0.002). All deprivation components were associated with the likelihood of both LDKT and preemptive KT (except median home value): for example, higher median household income (LDKT: aHR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07-1.09; Preemptive KT: aHR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.08-1.11) and educational attainments (≥high school [LDKT: aHR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.15-1.18; Preemptive KT: aHR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21-1.25]). CONCLUSION: Residence in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods is associated with a lower likelihood of LDKT and preemptive KT, differentially impacting minority candidates. Identifying and understanding which neighborhood-level socioeconomic status contributes to these racial disparities can be instrumental in tailoring interventions to achieve health equity in LDKT and preemptive KT.

Safety evaluation and effects of dietary phlorotannins on the growth, health, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Phlorotannins are phenolic compounds with diverse biological activities, yet their efficacy in aquatic animals currently remains unclear. This investigation scrutinized the influence of phlorotannins on the growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota in Litopenaeus vannamei, concurrently evaluating the potential adverse effects of phlorotannins on L. vannamei. A base diet without phlorotannins supplementation was used as a control, and 4 groups of diets with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g kg-1) of phlorotannins were formulated and fed to juvenile shrimp (0.25 ± 0.01 g) for 60 days followed by a 24-h challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus with triplicate in each group. Compared with the control, dietary 2.0 g kg-1 phlorotannins significantly improved the growth of the shrimp. The activities of enzymes related to cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and antioxidants, along with a notable upregulation in the expression of related genes, significantly increased. After V. parahaemolyticus challenge, the cumulative survival rates of the shrimp demonstrated a positive correlation with elevated concentrations of phlorotannins. In addition, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and functional genes associated with metabolism increased in phlorotannins supplementation groups. Phlorotannins did not elicit any detrimental effects on the biological macromolecules or histological integrity of the hepatopancreas or intestines. Simultaneously, it led to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde content. All results indicated that phlorotannins at concentrations of 2.0 g kg-1 can be used as safe feed additives to promote the growth, stimulate the immune response, improve the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of L. vannamei, and an protect shrimp from damage caused by oxidative stress.

An Anti-Scaling Strategy for Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment: Leveraging Tip-Enhanced Electric Fields.

Electrode scaling poses a critical barrier to the adoption of electrochemical processes in wastewater treatment, primarily due to electrode inactivation and increased internal reactor resistance. We introduce an antiscaling strategy using tip-enhanced electric fields to redirect scale-forming compounds (e.g., Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3) from the electrode-electrolyte interface to the bulk solution. Our study utilized Cu nanowires (Cu NW) with high-curvature nanostructures as the cathode, in contrast to Cu nanoparticles (Cu NP), Cu foil (CF), and Cu mesh (CM), to evaluate the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) performance in hard water conditions. The Cu NW/CF cathode demonstrated superior NO3RR efficiency, with an apparent rate constant (Kapp) of 1.04 h-1, significantly outperforming control electrodes under identical conditions (Kapp < 0.051 h-1). Through experimental and theoretical analysis, including COMSOL simulations, we show that the high-curvature design of Cu NW induced localized electric field enhancements, propelling OH- ions away from the electrode surface into the bulk solution, thus mitigating scale formation on the cathode. Testing with real nitrate-contaminated wastewater confirms that the Cu NW/CF cathode maintained excellent denitrification efficiency over a 60-day period. This study offers a promising perspective on preventing electrode scaling in electrochemical wastewater treatment, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable practices.

Multifunctional agents based on 3-dicycanovinylindan-1-one acceptor: Molecular design and phototheranostic application.

Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has garnered considerable attention in recent years, owing to its precise spatiotemporal accuracy with minimal side effects. Recent research reveals that the combination of PDT and PTT exhibits a remarkable anti-tumor efficacy compared to PDT or PTT alone, which has put forward the new requirements of multifunctional phototherapy agents with both high photosensitization and photothermal conversion efficiencies. Among the newly developed multifunctional agents, the ones with one or two 3-dicycanovinylindan-1-one (IC) moieties as the acceptors attract much more attention, due to their long-wavelength excitation and emission, as well as high phototherapy efficacies. Therefore, in this review, the latest advancement of multifunctional agents based on IC acceptor is summarized. Especially, we focus on the structure-property relationships of the agents, as well as their biomedical application in anti-tumor therapy or image-guided therapy. Our perspective on the further future development of this field is also discussed to conclude.

High-resolution observations of shallow-water acoustic propagation with distributed acoustic sensing.

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), converting fiber-optic cables into dense acoustic sensors, is a promising technology that offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for long-term, high-resolution studies in ocean acoustics. In this paper, the telecommunication cable of Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is used to explore the feasibility of cable localization and shallow-water sound propagation with a mobile acoustic source. The MVCO DAS array records coherent, high-quality acoustic signals in the frequency band of 105-160 Hz, and a two-step inversion method is used to improve the location accuracy of DAS channels, reducing the location uncertainty to ∼2 m. The DAS array with refined channel positions enables the high-resolution observation of acoustic modal interference. Numerical simulations that reproduce the observed interference pattern suggest a compressional speed of 1750 m/s in the sediment, which is consistent with previous in situ geoacoustic measurements. These findings demonstrate the long-term potential of DAS for high-resolution ocean acoustic studies.

Bayesian Averaging Evaluation Method of Accelerated Degradation Testing Considering Model Uncertainty Based on Relative Entropy.

To evaluate the lifetime and reliability of long-life, high-reliability products under limited resources, accelerated degradation testing (ADT) technology has been widely applied. Furthermore, the Bayesian evaluation method for ADT can comprehensively utilize historical information and overcome the limitations caused by small sample sizes, garnering significant attention from scholars. However, the traditional ADT Bayesian evaluation method has inherent shortcomings and limitations. Due to the constraints of small samples and an incomplete understanding of degradation mechanisms or accelerated mechanisms, the selected evaluation model may be inaccurate, leading to potentially inaccurate evaluation results. Therefore, describing and quantifying the impact of model uncertainty on evaluation results is a challenging issue that urgently needs resolution in the theoretical research of ADT Bayesian methods. This article addresses the issue of model uncertainty in the ADT Bayesian evaluation process. It analyzes the modeling process of ADT Bayesian and proposes a new model averaging evaluation method for ADT Bayesian based on relative entropy, which, to a certain extent, can resolve the issue of evaluation inaccuracy caused by model selection uncertainty. This study holds certain theoretical and engineering application value for conducting ADT Bayesian evaluation under model uncertainty.

Dual/Multi-Modal Image-Guided Diagnosis and Therapy Based on Luminogens with Aggregation-Induced Emission.

The combination of multiple imaging methods has made an indelible contribution to the diagnosis, surgical navigation, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of various diseases. Due to the unique advantages of luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE), their progress has been significant in the field of organic fluorescent contrast agents. Herein, this manuscript summarizes the recent advancements in AIE molecules as contrast agents for optical image-based dual/multi-modal imaging. We particularly focus on the exceptional properties of each material and the corresponding application in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

A Delphi Method Comfort Status Scale for Patients With Lung Cancer After Thoracoscopic Surgery.

PURPOSE: To construct the comfort status scale for patients with lung cancer after thoracoscopic surgery. DESIGN: Delphi method inquiry to 15 clinical and nursing experts. METHODS: On the basis of the comfort status scale and the subjective experience and objective symptoms of patients with lung cancer after thoracoscopic surgery, the relevant literature was consulted, semistructured interviews and group discussions were conducted, the pool of items of the postoperative comfort status scale for patients with lung cancer was initially formed, and the postoperative comfort status scale for patients with lung cancer was finally established. FINDINGS: The positive coefficient of experts was 100%, the coefficient of authority was 0.92 and 0.93, and the Kendal's W was 0.257 and 0.298, the degree of coordination of expert opinions was statistically significant (P < .05). Finally, a total of 28 items in four dimensions were formed to assess the postoperative comfort status of patients with lung cancer after thoracoscopic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The Delphi method-based comfort status scale for patients with lung cancer after thoracoscopic surgery is scientific and reliable, and can provide a quantitative basis for the evaluation of the comfort status of patients after lung cancer thoracoscopic surgery, to further provide individual comfort care measures.

Light-Activated Nanocatalyst for Precise In-Situ Antimicrobial Synthesis via Photoredox-Catalytic Click Reaction.

The excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics contributes to the emergence of drug-resistant S. aureus strains and potential dysbacteriosis-related diseases, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. Herein, we present a light-activated nanocatalyst for synthesizing in situ antimicrobials through photoredox-catalytic click reaction, achieving precise, site-directed elimination of S. aureus skin infections. Methylene blue (MB), a commercially available photosensitizer, was encapsulated within the CuII-based metal-organic framework, MOF-199, and further enveloped with Pluronic F-127 to create the light-responsive nanocatalyst MB@PMOF. Upon exposure to red light, MB participates in a photoredox-catalytic cycle, driven by the 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic carboxylate salts (BTC-) ligand presented in the structure of MOF-199. This light-activated MB then catalyzes the reduction of CuII to CuI through a single-electron transfer (SET) process, efficiently initiating the click reaction to form active antimicrobial agents under physiological conditions. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the effectiveness of MB@PMOF-catalyzed drug synthesis in inhibiting S. aureus, including their methicillin-resistant strains, thereby accelerating skin healing in severe bacterial infections. This study introduces a novel design paradigm for controlled, on-site drug synthesis, offering a promising alternative to realize precise treatment of bacterial infections without undesirable side effects.

Trends in the survival benefit of repeat kidney transplantation over the past 3 decades.

Repeat kidney transplantation (re-KT) is the preferred treatment for patients with graft failure. Changing allocation policies, widening the risk profile of recipients, and improving dialysis care may have altered the survival benefit of a re-KT. We characterized trends in re-KT survival benefit over 3 decades and tested whether it differed by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and panel reactive assay (PRA). By using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient data, we identified 25 419 patients who underwent a re-KT from 1990 to 2019 and 25 419 waitlisted counterfactuals from the same year with the same waitlisted time following graft failure. In the adjusted analysis, a re-KT was associated with a lower risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.65). By using the 1990-1994 era as a reference (aHR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69-0.85), incremental improvements in the survival benefit were noted (1995-1999: aHR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.67-0.78: 2000-2004: aHR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.55-0.63: 2005-2009: aHR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.56-0.63: 2010-2014: aHR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.53-0.62: 2015-2019: aHR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.57-0.73). The survival benefit of a re-KT was noted in both younger (age = 18-64 years: aHR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.61-0.65) and older patients (age ≥65 years: aHR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.58-0.74; Pinteraction = .45). Patients of all races/ethnicities demonstrated similar benefits with a re-KT. However, it varied by the sex of the recipient (female patients: aHR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.56-0.63: male patients: aHR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.63-0.68; Pinteraction = .004) and PRA (0-20: aHR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.65-0.74: 21-80: aHR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.57-0.66; Pinteraction = .02; >80: aHR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.53-0.61; Pinteraction< .001). Our findings support the continued practice of a re-KT and efforts to overcome the medical, immunologic, and surgical challenges of a re-KT.

Theranostic Nanoprobes with Aggregation-Induced NIR-II Emission: from Molecular Design to Biomedical Application.

The development of fluorophores with other powerful features has received much attention for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Nanoprobes (NPs) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have demonstrated superior performance in deeper penetration depth with better resolution, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and lower side effects in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) than in any other range. Herein, the latest advances in NIR-II AIE NPs in cancer theranostics are summarized. In particular, we focus on the design of multifunctional AIE agents with both strong NIR-II emission and effective photothermal conversion or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as their translational biomedical applications, including imaging diagnosis, image-guided surgery, and image-guided phototherapy, etc. At the end of this review, the opportunities and challenges of this field are also discussed.

Organic Crystals with Response to Multiple Stimuli: Mechanical Bending, Acid-Induced Bending and Heating-Induced Jumping.

Multiple stimuli-responsive molecular crystals are attracting extensive attentions due to their potential as smart materials, such as molecular machines, actuators, and sensors. However, the task of giving a single crystal multiple stimuli-responsive properties remains extremely challenging. Herein, we found two polymorphs (Form O and Form R) of a Schiff base compound, which could respond to multiple stimuli (external force, acid, heat). Form O and Form R have different elastic deformability, which can be attributed to the differences in the molecular conformation, structural packing and intermolecular interactions. Moreover, both polymorphs exhibit reversible bending driven by volatile acid vapor, which we hypothesize is caused by reversible protonation reaction of imines with formic acid. In addition, jumping can be triggered by heating due to the significant anisotropic expansion. The integration of reversible bending and jumping into one single crystal expands the application scope of stimuli-responsive crystalline materials.

Association of Prophylaxis and Length of Stay With Venous Thromboembolism in Abdominopelvic Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (eVTEp) is recommended for select patients who have undergone major abdominopelvic surgery to prevent postdischarge venous thromboembolism (pdVTE). Criteria for selection of these patients are untested for this purpose and may be ineffective. To address this gap, we investigated the effectiveness of eVTEp on pdVTE rates. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing abdominopelvic surgery from January 2016 to February 2020 was performed using data from the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative. pdVTE was the main outcome. Our exposure variable, eVTEp, was compared dichotomously. Length of stay (LOS) was compared categorically using clinically relevant groups. Age, race, cancer occurrence, inflammatory bowel disease, surgical approach, and surgical time were covariates among other variables. Descriptive statistics, propensity score matching, and multivariable logistic regression were performed to compare pdVTE rates. RESULTS: A total of 45,637 patients underwent abdominopelvic surgery. Of which, 3063 (6.71%) were prescribed eVTEp. Two hundred eighty-five (0.62%) had pdVTE. Of the 285, 59 (21%) patients received eVTEp, while 226 (79%) patients did not. After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed pdVTE was associated with eVTEp and LOS of 5 d or more (P < 0.001). eVTEp was not associated with LOS. Further analysis showed increased risk of pdVTE with increasing LOS independent of prescription of eVTEp based on known risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: pdVTE was associated with increasing LOS but not with other VTE risk factors after propensity score matching. Current guidelines for eVTEp do not include LOS. Our findings suggest that LOS >5 d should be added to the criteria for eVTEp.

Identification of the interference spectra of edible oil samples based on neighborhood rough set attribute reduction.

Due to numerous edible oil safety problems in China, an automatic oil quality detection technique is urgently needed. In this study, rough set theory and Fourier transform spectrum are combined for proposing a digital identification method for edible oil. First, the Fourier transform spectra of three different types of edible oil samples, including colza oil, waste oil, and peanut oil, are measured. After the input spectra are differentially and smoothly processed, the characteristic wavelength bands are selected with neighborhood rough set attribution reduction (NRSAR). Moreover, the classification models are established based on random forest (RF) and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms. Finally, confusion matrix, classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the distribution of judgment are calculated for evaluating the classification performances of different models and determining the optimal oil identification model. The results show that by using the third-order difference pre-processing method, 193 wavelength bands in the visible range can be reduced to 10 characteristic wavelengths, with a compression ratio of over 88.61%. Using the established NRS-RF and NRS-ELM models, the total identification accuracies are 91.67% and 93.33%, respectively. In particular, the identification accuracy of peanut oil using the NRS-ELM model reaches up to 100%, whereas the identification accuracies obtained using the principal component analysis (PCA)-based models that are commonly used in information processing (PCA-RF and PCA-ELM) are 81.67% and 90.00%, respectively. As compared with feature extraction methods, the proposed NRSAR shows directive advantages in terms of precision, sensitivity, specificity, and the distribution of judgment. In addition, the execution time is also reduced by approximately 1/3. Conclusively, the NRSAR method and NRS-ELM the model in the spectral identification of edible oil show favorable performance. They are expected to bring forth insightful oil identification techniques.

Fault Voiceprint Signal Diagnosis Method of Power Transformer Based on Mixup Data Enhancement.

A voiceprint signal as a non-contact test medium has a broad application prospect in power-transformer operation condition monitoring. Due to the high imbalance in the number of fault samples, when training the classification model, the classifier is prone to bias to the fault category with a large number of samples, resulting in poor prediction performance of other fault samples, and affecting the generalization performance of the classification system. To solve this problem, a method of power-transformer fault voiceprint signal diagnosis based on Mixup data enhancement and a convolution neural network (CNN) is proposed. First, the parallel Mel filter is used to reduce the dimension of the fault voiceprint signal to obtain the Mel time spectrum. Then, the Mixup data enhancement algorithm is used to reorganize the generated small number of samples, effectively expanding the number of samples. Finally, CNN is used to classify and identify the transformer fault types. The diagnosis accuracy of this method for a typical unbalanced fault of a power transformer can reach 99%, which is superior to other similar algorithms. The results show that this method can effectively improve the generalization ability of the model and has good classification performance.