Chikungunya virus was isolated in Thailand, 2010.

Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an acute febrile illness caused by a mosquito-borne alphavirus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV). This disease re-emerged in Kenya in 2004, and spread to the countries in and around the Indian Ocean. The re-emerging epidemics rapidly spread to regions like India and Southeast Asia, and it was subsequently identified in Europe in 2007, probably as a result of importation of chikungunya cases. On the one hand, chikungunya is one of the neglected diseases and has only attracted strong attention during large outbreaks. In 2008-2009, there was a major outbreak of chikungunya fever in Thailand, resulting in the highest number of infections in any country in the region. However, no update of CHIKV circulating in Thailand has been published since 2009. In this study, we examined the viral growth kinetics and sequences of the structural genes derived from CHIKV clinical isolates obtained from the serum specimens of CHIKF-suspected patients in Central Thailand in 2010. We identified the CHIKV harboring two mutations E1-A226V and E2-I211T, indicating that the East, Central, and South African lineage of CHIKV was continuously circulating as an indigenous population in Thailand.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices (kap) regarding influenza A (H1N1) among a population living along Thai-Myanmar border, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand.

The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks in Thailand was successfully controlled, partly through the use of electronic media to educate the public. People living along the Thai-Myanmar border may have less access to this electronic media or might have health beliefs that differ from the general Thai population with potential to impact an influenza outbreak. We conducted a survey to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding influenza among people living along the Thai-Myanmar boder in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. Of 110 house- holds surveyed, 96% were Karen ethnicity. Greater than 50% were uneducated and most had a low family income. Knowledge about influenza was low. Attitudes regarding infection were mostly negative among the elderly in this area. Practices regarding influenza were moderately good. Education level was associated with knowledge and practice. Income level and wealth indicators were associated with knowledge and having a radio or TV was associated with good practices. Preventive behavior was associated with good knowledge but not with attitudes about influenza. Health education campaigns are needed in these communities to help people adopt desired changes in behavior to improve personal hygiene.

Directly observed therapy with primaquine to reduce the recurrence rate of plasmodium vivax infection along the Thai-Myanmar border.

This study was carried out from April 2005 to June 2006 to evaluate the recurrence of P. vivax malaria infection in relation to drug compliance along the Thai-Myanmar border in Ratchaburi, Thailand. Ninety-two patients with vivax malaria were sequentially assigned to 2 groups. Both groups received a standard dose of chloroquine (total dose = 2.5 g) for 3 days and primaquine (total dose = 210 mg) for 14 days. The experimental group received a full course of treatment using daily directly observed therapy (DOT) while subjects in the control group were given the medication with necessary instructions to take as self-administered therapy (SAT). Patients were followed up for 3 months on Days 14, 21, 28, 60 and 90. Five of 46 patients from the SAT group had recurrence of malaria on Days 21, 44, 60, 72 and 87. Recurrence was not observed among patients in the DOT group. Survival analysis also showed significant differences between the SAT and DOT groups (p <0.05). The study suggests patient compliance with the 14-day primaquine treatment with DOT improve the outcome of .vivax malaria treatment.