RESUMO
We theoretically investigate the spectral caustics of high-order harmonics in solids. We analyze the one-dimensional model of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids and find that apart from the caustics originating from the van Hove singularities in the energy band structure, another kind of catastrophe enhancement also emerges in solids when the different branches of electron-hole trajectories generating high-order harmonics coalesce into a single branch. We solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in terms of the periodic potential and demonstrate the control of this kind of singularity in HHG with the aid of two-color laser fields. The diffraction patterns of the harmonic spectrum near the caustics agree well with the interband electron-hole recombination trajectories predicted by the semiconductor semiclassical equation. This work is expected to improve our understanding of the HHG dynamics in solids and enable us to manipulate the harmonic spectrum by adjusting the driving field parameters.
RESUMO
Oscillatory dynamics of complex networks has recently attracted great attention. In this paper we study pattern formation in oscillatory complex networks consisting of excitable nodes. We find that there exist a few center nodes and small skeletons for most oscillations. Complicated and seemingly random oscillatory patterns can be viewed as well-organized target waves propagating from center nodes along the shortest paths, and the shortest loops passing through both the center nodes and their driver nodes play the role of oscillation sources. Analyzing simple skeletons we are able to understand and predict various essential properties of the oscillations and effectively modulate the oscillations. These methods and results will give insights into pattern formation in complex networks and provide suggestive ideas for studying and controlling oscillations in neural networks.