Establishment and validation of a risk prediction model incorporating concentrations of linezolid and its metabolite PNU142300 for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia.

BACKGROUND: Linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia is the main factor restricting the clinical application of linezolid. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between PNU-14230 concentration and linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia and further develop and validate a risk model for predicting linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia. METHODS: A regression model was constructed to predict the occurrence of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia, and further externally validated. The predictive performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Linezolid Cmin and PNU-142300 concentrations were compared for different kidney function groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the difference in cumulative incidence of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia among different kidney function patients. RESULTS: In the derivation (n = 221) and validation (n = 158) cohorts, 28.5% and 24.1% of critically ill patients developed linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors were linezolid Cmin, PNU-142300 concentration, baseline platelet count, renal insufficiency (RI) and continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH). The AUC for the risk model was 0.901, and the model was good (P = 0.633). The model also showed good discrimination (AUC 0.870) and calibration (P = 0.282) in the external validation cohort. Compared with normal kidney function patients, patients with RI and CVVH had higher linezolid Cmin and PNU-142300 concentrations (P < 0.001) and higher cumulative incidence of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PNU142300 concentration, as well as linezolid Cmin, might identify patients at risk of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia. The risk prediction model had good predictive performance for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia development. Concentrations of linezolid and PNU-142300 accumulated in patients with RI and CVVH.

Risk factors associated with attendance at postpartum blood pressure follow-up visit in discharged patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the risk factors for not returning to postpartum blood pressure (BP) follow-up visit at different time points in postpartum discharged hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) patients. Likewise, females with HDP in China should have a BP evaluation continuously for at least 42 days postpartum and have BP, urine routine, and lipid and glucose screening for 3 months postpartum. METHODS: This study is a prospective cohort study of postpartum discharged HDP patients. Telephone follow-up was conducted at 6 weeks and 12 weeks postpartum, the maternal demographic characteristics, details of labor and delivery, laboratory test results of patients at admission, and adherence to BP follow-up visits postpartum were collected. While logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with not returning to postpartum BP follow-up visit at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after delivery, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the model's predictive value for predicting not returning to postpartum BP visit at each follow-up time point. RESULTS: In this study, 272 females met the inclusion criteria. 66 (24.26%) and 137 (50.37%) patients did not return for postpartum BP visit at 6 and 12 weeks after delivery. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified education level of high school or below (OR = 3.71; 95% CI = 2.01-6.85; p = 0.000), maximum diastolic BP during pregnancy (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.94-0.99; p = 0.0230)and delivery gestational age (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.005-1.244; p = 0.040)as independent risk factors in predicting not returning to postpartum BP follow-up visit at 6 weeks postpartum, and education level of high school or below (OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.805-5.67; p = 0.000), maximum diastolic BP during pregnancy (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.92-0.97; p = 0.000), delivery gestational age (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.04-1.24; p = 0.006) and parity (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.06-2.51; p = 0.026) as risk factors for not returning to postpartum BP follow-up visit at 12 weeks postpartum. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the logistic regression models had a significant predictive value for identify not returning to BP follow-up visit at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.746 and 0.761, respectively. CONCLUSION: Attendance at postpartum BP follow-up visit declined with time for postpartum HDP patients after discharge. Education at or below high school, maximum diastolic BP during pregnancy and gestational age at delivery were the common risk factors for not returning for BP follow-up visit at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum in postpartum HDP patients.

USP9X inhibits metastasis in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis and immune infiltration.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a highly invasive pulmonary malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis. The results of previous studies suggest that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) contributes to the progression of numerous types of cancer. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and functions of USP9X in the metastasis of PSC. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect USP9X expression levels in PSC tissues and cells. Wound healing, transwell, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), tube formation, and aortic ring assays were used to examine the function and mechanism of USP9X in the metastasis of PSC. RESULTS: Expression of USP9X was markedly decreased and significantly correlated with metastasis and prognosis of patients with PSC. Then we revealed that USP9X protein levels were negatively associated with the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and the migration of PSC cells. It was confirmed that USP9X in PSC cells reduced VEGF secretion and inhibited tubule formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. USP9X was detected to downregulate MMP9. Meanwhile, MMP9 was positively related to EMT, angiogenesis and was negatively related to immune infiltration in the public databases. USP9X was significantly negatively associated with the expression of MMP9, EMT markers, CD31, and positively associated with CD4, and CD8 in PSC tissues. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals the vital role of USP9X in regulating EMT, angiogenesis and immune infiltration and inhibiting metastasis of PSC via downregulating MMP9, which provides a new effective therapeutic target for PSC.

Co-based MOF heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient degradation of organic dye via peroxymonosulfate activation.

In this study, a new cobalt-based metal-organic framework (JLNU-500), [Co2(OH)(PBA)(AIP)]·3DMA·0.75H2O (4-(pyridin-4-yl) benzoic acid (HPBA), 5-aminoisophthalic acid (H2AIP) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)), was fabricated using a solvothermal method. JLNU-500 has 3D network architecture with 1D nanopore channels. The prepared JLNU-500 can activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye decolorization. Interestingly, catalyst JLNU-500 exhibited high efficiency for PMS activation, and nearly 100% (above 99.8%) removal of RhB with a high concentration (50.0 mg L-1, 100 mL) was achieved within 6 min. The reaction rate constant of the JLNU-500/PMS system was 1.02 min-1 calculated based on the pseudo-first-order kinetics, which is higher than that of the other reported catalysts. Furthermore, the factors, which could influence PMS activation were also investigated, such as PMS dosage, catalyst dosage, pollutant RhB concentration, reaction temperature and solution pH. More importantly, the radical trapping experiments ferreted out that sulfate (SO4˙-) and hydroxyl (˙OH) radicals were the dominating oxidants in the removal of RhB. Moreover, the possible degradation mechanism was elucidated. This study provides new prospects for fabricating new MOFs that can potentially be employed for high-efficiency catalytic oxidation as heterogeneous catalysts.

Functional polyolefins: poly(ethylene)-graft-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) via atom transfer radical polymerization from a polybrominated alkane.

Poly(cis-cyclooctene) is synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization in the presence of a chain-transfer agent and quantitatively hydrobrominated. Subsequent graft polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) via Cu-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from the non-activated secondary alkyl bromide moieties finally results in PE-g-PtBA copolymer brushes. By varying the reaction conditions, a series of well-defined graft copolymers with different graft densities and graft lengths are prepared. The maximum extent of grafting in terms of bromoalkyl groups involved is approximately 80 mol%. DSC measurements on the obtained graft copolymers reveal a decrease in T(m) with increasing grafting density.

Olanzapine add-on treatment promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells compared with fluoxetine alone.

The addition of olanzapine to fluoxetine produces an antidepressant effect on fluoxetine nonresponders. Promoting hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with the successful treatment of depression. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction of olanzapine and fluoxetine in regulating neurogenesis. We found that fluoxetine alone does not affect cell proliferation and inhibits the neuronal differentiation of cultured neural stem cells (NSCs), but promotes NSCs proliferation and exerts no effect on neuronal fate when NSCs are cocultured with neurons. In addition, fluoxetine alone also does not alter the neuronal fate of newborn hippocampal cells in vivo. Although fluoxetine treatment elicits different results, our data consistently show that olanzapine alone does not affect the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs. The combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine has no profound effect on NSCs proliferation compared with fluoxetine alone, but olanzapine add-on treatment produces a greater number and percentage of differentiated neurons from NSCs. Further investigations are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of the increased neurogenesis caused by the combination of olanzapine with fluoxetine.

Porous Cationic Covalent Triazine-Based Frameworks as Platforms for Efficient CO2 and Iodine Capture.

Porous cationic covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) with imidazolium salts as tectons were prepared via ionothermal synthesis. The high-PF6 - -content CTF shows the CO2 adsorption of 44.7 cm3 g-1 and I2 capture capacity of 312 wt %. The influence of counterion species and contents on the porosities, CO2 adsorptions, and I2 capture capacities of the CTFs has been investigated.

Conjugated microporous polymer networks with adjustable microstructures for high CO2 uptake capacity and selectivity.

A series of phenylene-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) of the A6 + Mx (x = 2, 3, 4, 6) type were synthesized. By tuning the monomer length and geometry, the BET surface area of CMPs can be tuned from 571 to 1115 m2 g-1. Amongst the synthesized CMPs, A6CMP-1 exhibits the highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 1218 mg g-1 at 318 K and 60 bar pressure. In addition, A6CMP-4 shows a high selectivity ratio of 47 for CO2/N2.

Access to Ultra-High-Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene) and Activity Boost in the Presence of Cyclopentene With Group†4 Bis-Amido Complexes.

ZrIV complexes of the type [Me2 Si{(NR)(6-{2-(diethylboryl)phenyl}pyridyl-2-yl-N)}ZrCl2 ⋅thf] (R=tBu (4), adamantyl (7 a); thf=tetrahydrofuran), [Me2 Si{(NAd)(6-{2-(diphenylboryl)phenyl}pyridyl-2-yl-N)}ZrCl2 ] (Ad=adamantyl (7 b)), the nonbridged half-titanocene complexes of the type [(N-{6-(2-diethylborylphenyl)pyrid-2-yl}-NR)Cp'TiCl2 ] (R=Me, Cp'=C5 H5 (12), Cp'=C5 Me5 (13)), and the titanium(IV)-based metallocene-type complex [bis{N-(6-{2-(diethylboryl)phenyl}pyrid-2-yl)NMe}TiCl2 ] (14) have been synthesized. The structures of complexes 7 b, 12, and 13 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In solution, complex 4 slowly rearranges to [Me2 Si{(N-tBu)(6-{2-(diethylboryl)phenyl}pyridyl-2-yl-N)}2 Zr] (4 a), the structure of which was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Similarly, reaction of HfCl4 with Me2 Si({RNLi}{6-[2-(diethylboryl)phenyl]pyridyl-2-ylNLi}) yielded the corresponding HfIV complexes [Me2 Si{(NR)(6-{2-(diethylboryl)phenyl}pyridyl-2-ylN)}2 Hf] (R=tBu (8) and Ad (9)). Upon activation of these complexes with methylalumoxane (MAO), complexes 4, 7 a, 7 b, and 12-14 showed activities up to 750 kg of polyethylene (PE)/molcat. bar h in the homopolymerization of ethylene (E), producing mainly linear PE (high-density PE, HDPE) with molecular weights in the range of 1 800 000